Історія України - Subtelium Orest

ZASTY TA REFORM DEMAND

In the first ten years of its existence, the Radian regime manifested itself as a radical and innovative in the world. Prote until the 60's rocky type of knowledge of the yogo intrashnic polity became extreme conservatism. Pobojuchuchis neperedbacheniy i neazhanyh naslіdkіv zmіn, іnnіyucha bureaucratic topіvka SRSR shylyalasya before, shob zberegti - u дещо м'якшій formі - the system, yaku tying Stalin. For the Ukraine, it meant, but not Kiev, and Moscow and nadal priimatime vse viznachalny for ukrayntsiv rishennya. A russifikatsya, spymovana on those, shhob trimati vkupi numerically the people of the USSR, did not sell cigarettes, but posed.

Ale to navigate all-powerful and all-sensitive Radyansky administrative admirals, not depending on the power of zdisnjuvaty old control over suspilstvo. Sered інтелігенції йшло бродіння - річ неможлива в стаінські роки. In other words, those who looked at the policy of Ukraine's party membership were clearly hi-i at a non-trivial hour, obsessed with a course of the Kremlin's course. Hoch radianskaya system was deprived of tsirkom nezrušnuyu, sered populated zrostav skepticism schodo її efektivnostіy esoblivo zdalstnosti pіdnesti riven zhittya. Until the middle of the 80s, rock'n neobhhdnist zmіn became a non-negotiable city. Відтак радянська олігархія has turned a z-pomozh to itself a man for prokazvadzhennya postopovih reforms. In Ukraine, stinked vodbyvalisya duzhe obivo and izmezheniyah scales. Alya to finish the bullet of that, they were not so much aware of the bagatical, political and economical problems, about the origin of some early regime.

People "highlands"

Rosiyanin Leonid Brezhnev , yak i yogo cross between Khrushchov, priishov to vladi, maiuchi tisny zv'yazki z Ukrayinoiu. On vіdmіnu od porivchastogo th nepostuplivogo Khrushchev oberezhny Brezhnєv poshiryuvav svіy vpliv, zabezpechuyuchi svoїy polіtitsі pіdtrimku radyanskoї olіgarhії that garantuyuchi tsіy elіtі stabіlne encampment. Vіdtak Yogo 18 rіchne perebuvannya Items marked with vladі konservativnі tendentsії, vzhe Hoch bіlshe not totalіtaristskі (vіdomy radyanolog Merle Feynsod gave povіlnomu vіdstupovі Radyans'ka regime od stalіnіzmu chimeric titles "zmenshennya diktatorіv law"), the idea virazno avtoritarnі. Alya Vlad Yakscho zastosovuvalasya teper strimanіshe, nіzh for Stalіna, won the first nadalі, posture every sumnіvom, zoseredzhuvalasya hands partії s i get used metoyu poshirennya radyanskoї mogutnostі behind a cordon i zabezpechennya tsіlkovitogo control in samіy kraїnі.

Shelest and Shcherbytsky. In brezhnєvsky perіod UKRAINE small dvoh lіderіv komunіstichnoї partії - Peter Shelest th Volodymyr Scherbitskogo, polіtichnі lіnії yakih hoch i vіdrіznyalisya, ale odnakovo perekonlivo іlyustruvali problems scho postavali before ukraїnskimi Radyans'ka provіdnikami and takozh context Money Does zdіysnyuvalasya polіtika ukrajins'koho, tobto respublіkanskogo rіvnya.

Shelest's perebuvannya at the poses of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine trickled from 1963 to 1972, and the characteristic yogo of the rice became a renewed self-confidence of the Ukrainians. Із тих скупих матеріалів, які мають західні аналітики, випливає, що це самоствердження було насамперд налідком намагань Shelesta vіdstoyatі іnteresі Ukraіnu v razdenskogo Soyuzu. Shelest is not buk yakimos prihovaniem nationalist. Navpaks, at bugatokh vidnoshenneyh vin vyavivsya bilsh neokhitnim komunistom, nizh yogo sverhniki in Moskvy. Іsnuyut Price not specified to those scho LUVs vіn zatyatim enemy comes, pіdtrimuvav іnterventsіyu to Chehoslovachchini in 1968 p., Nepokoyachis, dwellers її reformіstskі tendentsії not "infected" Ukraine, zanedbav Zahіdnu up Ukraine th vіddavav perevagu vazhkіy promislovostі before virobnitstvom spozhivchih tovarіv. Pravdodpodno, scho yogo nepostuplivist in quietly the least of the Pitans, was busy clapping naveit Brezhnev.

Aly іsnuvav інший аспект політики Шелеста, який не влаштовував Kremlin іще більше. Viglyadalo on those, io ukrainian kerivnik seryozno sprimav obitsyanku nadati Ukrainian autonomy, and takozh peredachchenii radianskuyu konstitutsiєyu principle rivnopravnostі svіh narodіv SRSR. Відтак він not to bother with visions for Russians about the role of the "elder brother" in the Radyansky Soyuz. It's possible, Shelest pragnuv getting to the status for the Ukraine, analogous to that, such a Mali Poland, Czechoslovakia chi Ugorschina, tobto naskryz komunistichnogo sospilstva, spezfichnі ekonomichnі ta tsultrinni consumer y bogovala b Moscow.

Head turbotoe Shelesta buli ekonomichny consumer of Ukraine. Він вимагав для України більшої ролі in the process of economical planning in Радянському Союзі не не виявляв великого йентуіазму до планів економічного розвитку Сибіру, ​​який indicating змшеншення інвестицій в Україну. Koli grupa of Ukrainian ekonomіstіv turned the Yomou danі about those scho in ekonomіchnih stosunkah іz Radyans'ka Union tsіlomu up Ukraine obrahovuyut, Shelest became actively pribіchnikom principle of parity, of Yakima UKRAINE small dіstavati od CPCP Fondi, goods i Hotel, scho dorіvnyuvali b vartostі її vnesku in CPCP .

Shche vіdvertіshe zahischav Shelest moivnyi kul'turni prava prikaznciv. In yogo promavah lunali zakliki, "yak nayozhozhchy skarb", the shore "beautiful Ukrainian way". In the year 1965 p. Український міністр вищої освіти й близький прибічник Shelesta Yuriy Dadenkov zaklikav rozshiriti vyvvannya Ukrainskoї moivi in ​​universities and institutes. And in the 1970's. У своїй книзі «Україна наша Радянська» Shelest ordering with the description of the hostile patriarchs of Radyanska Ukraina directly chi zavual'ovano pidkreslyuvav istorichnu autonomy of Ukraine, the progressive role of cosatstva. Shelest was writing tim, but in the old agrarian region of the yogo republic the shvidko was reorganized at the time of syspilism in front of the industrialization and technolo- gy.

Yak clarify this "mystic" in a disciplined, dovzydchenchenuyu y shchiruyu komunisty, members Polytburo - chyogo najishchogo in the Radyansky Union vladi? Цілком мовірно, що Shelesta yogo number pribіchniki na Ukrainі sprimali radianskі pro claim rівність націй for the pure coin. Wongs did not make a clean flight to the dusagnennjam zagalnih tsіley радянської політики та модернізацією України і збереженням і'і культури. Analogously to Skripnik in 20 rockes Shelest, singing, vvazhal, scho nayekektivnіshim zasob zabezpechennia uspіhu radyans'koi polіtiki na Ukraіnі є задоволення, а не придушення її економічних і cultural needs. Ymovіrno takozh, scho Shelest zbiviv visnovok, scho yogo osobisty uspіh in management to be located in the village of ukrainian cultural, scientific and semi-natural. A tse vimagalo uvagi up to the special turbocharger.

In the herbs of 1972 p. Shelesta was stuck in a yogo, put her in Kiev for zvinuvachennyam from "m'yakosti" to the Ukrainian nationalism, that pokuranni ekonomichnomu "mіsnitsvu . " Yogi as an adversary became Shcherbitsky - a long-standing member of the "Dnipropetrovsk" clan and zapekliy polichnichnyi counter-revolutionary Shelest. For an additional method, they scolded the brothers of the henchmen for the hetmanship in Ukraine in the 17th-18th centuries, in the spirit of discrediting Shelest, repeatedly yelling in front of Moscow in "patrioticism". Після падіння суперника Щербицький довго утримував за сояю лідера української компарії - yogo perebuvannya na niy became a record for trivalal. Yakis the cause of such success? A great world of stink in a half-assed placeless plozuvannya before Moscow. Own rumors of the vikonannam vkazivok Moskvi, preparedness of the sacrifice of economical entertainments of Ukraine, obscure rusifikatsii Scherbitsky mіg bi vivіti v іstorіy yak vikіncheniy type of "little one".

Leonid Brezhnev, Volodymyr Shcherbitsky. 70-тиі роки

Leonid Brezhnev, Volodymyr Shcherbitsky. 70-тиі роки

In 1973, spirayuchis on the assistance of the ideologist Valentin Malanchuk that head of the Ukrainian KDB V. V. Fedorchuk, Shcherbytsky proviiv porviynanno m'yaku cleaning, vaslidok anchor in the party boole is exclu- sively close to 37 yew. Members, great part of these, pravdopolodno, warehouses Shelesta pribіchniki. On the territory of his cross, Shcherbytsky was sent to the Russian capital in an official manner, pidtrimuvav vidnuvlennya politsiki pidporyadkuvannya Ukrainskogo ekonomiki tsenti i zdіysnennya great kapitalovklokaden at Sibir. Він takozh vystupav for zhorstoke and bezkompromіsne prisushennia dissidentstva.

І all the same tsisils did not bring the yom of the fact that vin prinuguv chi is not naybіshe - gruppennya visoko posadi in Moskvy, it is possible to invoke Brezhnev's attacker.

Tom on the cob of the 80's rock, zvyalysya zhivilisya sign, scho Shcherbitsky pochivat pridilyati bilshey respects svoemu stanovishchu in Ukraine, namagayuchivsya pokraskiti vzaimini z sulturnuyu elitoyu posbivshi posuntannya mosktskiy asymi-calic polity. W by the arrival of the 1985 p. Before the power of the reformer Gorbachev , the pripushchennya about those who had shied up to the post of the keeper of the Ukrainian company to take a nap was started to fall. Alya, at the time of the Baghdah, I did not have any left, I can mop up the counter-reform countermeasures at the Kremlin.

Які ж виисновки можно зробити з політики цих відповідальних керівників about їхні look at the Ukraine та її Role in the Radyansky Soyuz? Не підлягає сумніву, що як Shelest, so і Щербицький бачили майбутнє України в світлі комуністичноїідеології та в контексті радянської системи. Zhoden із them not a boom in zmozі navіt podumati about nezalezhnіst Ukraine. I kozhen is the jasper of the butt of that zhorstkogo control, but yo yodo zdіysnyuvala Moscow over kerivnitsvvom CPU.

Two kar'єri tsikh two people point to those who, in spite of the control of the radian system, could viniknuti two navidivizhu rіznі pіdіdі, дві різні політичні лінії інії Україні. Being pribіchnik рівності націй в СРСР і fair in the їхніх економічних взаєминах, Shelest prapnuv, shchob Ukraine was treated as an autonomous power in the warehouse of real federalism. Z one side, that sign pidtrimka, scho she rusted out Shelest is not deprived of the means of Ukrainian identity, but in the middle of the Ukrainian partparatu, she gliboku vkorinennost in Ukraine, national commune, abo, prinaymni, yakogis teritorialnogo chi respublikansky patriotism. Z іnshogo boku, padіnnia Shelesta є nagaduvannyam, so I looked at the nadalі deprived uncomplicated for Moskvi.

Prior to the interview with the head of the political profession, Shcherbitsky can be contacted before the manager's office. Taka lyudina sprimayє SRSR yak shchos on zrazok velikheznogo korporatsii galuzevikh zavodiv, i yakshcho them uspishno (tobto zadovolnyayuchi bazhannya people at the Kremlin) manage, then you can go to the top of the structure of the management of corporations. Vіdtak, if the corporations dictated the standardization (rusifikatsii) in Ukraine, Shcherbytsky kvapivsya robiti tse, rozglyadayuchi "miestsev sobibovostі" (national culture) yak peschkodu. Koli before Ukraine put in a wimble, vycherpuyuchi vlasnі resources, nadati dopomogu v rozvitku іnshoї fіlії "korporatsії", Shcherbytskyi іshov nazustrić, demonstrimuchi himself their building "scale mission". The problem is caused by the mentality of the corporate manager, yak can be vvazhati modern with the form of a colossal "malorostroystva", polygas in that, but often forget about those, the stink of money does not really damage the social and economic values, Peoples.

Komunistichnaya party of Ukraine. Vleply і znachennya Shelest and Shcherbytsky shaggy far posture between the Ukrainian Republic. The stink of buli with the basic half-gravovy gravtsy allied river - the head of the order zavdyaki kіlkіsnomu zrostannu Kompartii Ukrainy після війни й особливо по смерті Сталіна. Після приход до влади Хрущова кількість memberів української компарії швидко зросла. Tsei prots, active, nizh in іnshih republic, trivаv in the 60's and іn the ears of the 70's rock. Yaksho in 1958 r. In the Company of Ukraine there were 1,1 million members, then in 1971 r. - 2,5 million. Rіvnіnіnim became the bankruptcy of communes in all republics. In the early days, stinked zoeseredzhuvalisya very important in the Donetsk and Dnipropetrovsk regions - regions of the strongest re-hangings of Russians. For Khrushchev, the members of the Party viduchutno zbilshilosya predstavnitstvo central and foreign regions of the republic in the territory of the Ukrainian population.

Ці зміни незабаром відблися в появі on Україні a new generation of polітичних провідників. У керівництві українців було більше, ніж будь-коли. So, in 1964 the river. Із 33 of the contracting officials of the republic are 30 buli Ukrainians. Chastka Ukrainki in the warehouse of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 1961 р. Has fallen down unprecedented figures - 20%. Zavdyaki, over the top of the shvidkom zrostannyu i tіsnim zv'yazkam iz of the Kremlin, the Communist Party won the reputatsiyu "zrazkoyї" party. Aly Novove vidchuttya vpovedenstі y vlasnoї vagi breeds the middle of Ukraine's nevdovolennya gipersentralizovanim politichnim ta ekonomichnim course of the Kremlin. Звідси й автономістські тентіії Shelest. And those, ioo іх підтримувала вечезна більшість українського партапарату, - річ it is obvious: for yogo звільнення it was voted лише three of 25 secretaries of regional comitets of the party.

Padinya Shelesta became unsuccessful for the CPU. Spovilnilosya її zostanja, and posadvnitsvto in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation fell to 15%. The building of the orthodox Shcherbytsky with the extension of such a trivial hour is overdrawn in Vladivostok, in Kyiv, vkazuє on those, uko ukrajnska kompartii, yaku vіn ocholyubov, і Dalі deprived of radyansky polichnichnyi sistemy important chinnikom.