Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

b) the General Rada

So nazivali zagalnu Kozatska Rada. Spochatku Won bula tіlki zіbrannyam kozakіv i vіyskove small value. Povolі warehouse generalnoї for poshiryuvavsya: to neї included іnodі vische clergy that mіschani. Generalnі for mali great significance in Pershi Rocky Hmelnichchine. 1648 rock on radі in prisutnostі 70,000 kozakіv, obgovoryuvali sheet Kisel about pacifying s flattered. For call together in 1649, 1651.1652, 1653, 1654 Rokach. Pіslya Pereyaslavskoї lands for generalnі not call together. Pіslya death of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, pid hour Ruїni, znovu often call together for the sake of, Especially Hetman, slapped scho pravlіnnyu respublіkanskogo nature. Vigovsky i Doroshenko viznavali vischіst generalnoї sake. HEAD funktsієyu tsієї іnstitutsії Bulo obrannya Hetman and іnodі - generalnoї Petty Officer. For Mnogogrіshnogo, Samoilovych that Mazepa and takozh in the XVIII century. generalnі for not call together, the stench zalishalisya "Svoge old Color" - harakterizuє їh L. Okіnshevich. In the XVIII century. stink tіlki sanktsіonuvali those scho Uryadov virіshuvav tsarsky.

Generalnі for could not become a body Vlady: pereshkodі stood at - vipadkovіst їh warehouse, a great number of uchasnikіv, mozhlivіst storonnіh vplivіv toscho. Tom povolі generalnі for zastupayut for elders.

c) Parliament elders

Born in the XVIII century. i vіdpovіdala analogіchnim іnstitutam Zahіdnoї Europe: "The General mills Frantsії", "CHEM" Chehії, "Seim" Polschі i t n the characteristic Find our Tsikh SET Bulo predstavnitstvo, yak zamіnilo bezposerednyu fate of the people... Ale Tse Bulo not predstavnitstvo people in tsіlomu and tіlki okremih stanіv. In vsіh kraїnah selyanstvo Bulo pozbavlene the right to participate in them. Zgoda tsі іnstituti pererodzhuyutsya Shlyakhov evolyutsії on lordіv chamber, the Senate, panіv Radney toscho. Tsim install єvropeyskogo type vіdpovіdali - I am pleased that the elders starshinskі z'їzdi. Tsі іnstituti vikristalіzovuvalisya for Samoilovych that Mazepa i mali Zaman hour for registration. Naybіlshe daє for rozumіnnya tsogo іnstitutu Benderska Konstitutsіya Orlyk 1709 rock, ale rozvinutisya in Ukraїnі pid rosіyskoyu okupatsієyu vіn not mіg.

Starshinskі for boule troh tipіv: a) is pleased to Hetman s kolegієyu generalnoї Petty Officer; b) Zborov generalnoї Starshinov s participation polkovnikіv and іnodі іnshoї polkovoї Petty Officer; Tsey view MAV promіzhny character mіzh starshinskoyu radoyu i z'їzdom elders; c) z'їzdi elders in yakih took fate OAO All Cossacks krіm rows and takozh vische clergy burmіstri i vіyti. In Konstitutsії Orlyk said scho fate in rads elders take, krіm generalnoї elders predstavniki polkіv, i scho guilty Hetman s them i raditisya nіchogo not Robit "without їh soіzvolenіya". Maintained upstream znavets іstorії ukrajins'koho right XVII-XVIII art. L. Okіnshevich vvazhaє scho Benderska Konstitutsіya ponovlyuvala "davninu" - has long been zborіv form, and does not create novі. Navіt in the XVIII century. traplyayutsya Fakti requested for the sake starshinskі predstavnikіv od polkіv. Zovnіshnі podії not given rozgornutisya starshinskim Radama to ukrajins'koho parlyamen-tu, ale vzhe pomіchalasya system dvopalatnogo parlyamentu: vischoyu Chamber boule Zborov generalnoї elders and nizhchoyu - z'їzdi elders. Zborov kolegії generalnoї Starshinov Mali postіyny character i vіdbuvalisya Schodnya; z'їzdi elders vіdbuvalisya on Rіzdvo that on Velikden often poєdnuvalisya s Svyatkovyy benketami. Benderska Konstitutsіya namіchala sklikannya z'їzdіv trichі to Year: to Rіzdvo on Velikden on that cover.

Starshinskі for that z'їzdi Starshinov vіdbuvalisya in palatsі Hetman yogo pid golovuvannyam: vіn vіdkrivav їh Promova, vіn keruvav obgovoryuvannyam usіh power i vіn zakrivav Zborov.

Kompetentsіya starshinskih glad i bula duzhe wide neokreslena; Won konkuruvala s Vladoiu Hetman that generalnoї sake. Starshinskі for rozglyadali power mіzhnarodnoї polіtiki, fіnansіv, headaches rank penny zborіv on utrimannya Naiman vіyska, ie. Public areas. Orenda. Starshinskі for rozglyadali sudovі right, Especially zlochini proti powers. In the XVIII century. stink rozglyadali Code 'Rights, which is suing the Little Russian people ". For Rozumovskogo starshinska glad rozglyadala power about vstanovlennya spadkovogo Hetmanate.

Vazhlivoyu funktsієyu starshinskoї for Bulo pravlіnnya powers have vіdsutnostі Hetman. So Bulo in 1672 rotsі pіslya areshtu Mnogogrіshnogo, and in 1722 rotsі - pіslya Skoropadskogo death. Bula nevdala sproba quarrel radoyu Vladi pіslya death D. Apostol. Vaughn rules perіodi, if Rozumovsky perebuvav in Peterburzі.