Історія України - Полонська-Василенко Наталія: Том 2

ECONOMICS STANOVISCHE UKRAINI. THE GENTLEMEN

А) Сільське господарство

Сільське годарство України з кінця XVIII ст. Was experiencing great vandalism. Опанування Росією Південної України, зруйнування Запорізької Січі, приєднання Krimu pereotvorenya yogo na rosіysku gubernnia, zasnuvannya Torgovil'nykh portov on Chorny mory, that right of the vital swimming of merchant ships - all is not great value for the syllable state and promyslovosti of Ukraine. Vidkrtya vlynogo shlyahu to the Black Sea strongly slynulo on sylske gosartarstvo. Щоб піднести прибутковість своїх маєтків, дідичі збільшували орне поле, introduced батапільну system, and також new cultures рослин - почия сиіяти кукурудзу, тиютюн. The 1820-their rock was marked sylskogospodarsky machines - syvalki, kosarki, hammerheads. In the search for vehicles, nepotibnі masi kripakivs, bo machines vimagali robnikovіv menshe, ale bіlsh kvalіfіkovany.

З кінця XVIII ст. Вивіз збіжжя з України, головно - до чорноморських портів, швидко зростає. Ukraine has become the "Spiel of Europe". About zbіlshennya eksportu wheat svidchat so taki butts: through the ports of Chernomorsk in the direction of 1833 rotsi 300.000 quarters zbizhzhya, rock 1840 - 500.000, and rock 1847 - ponad mіljon.

In particular, the shvidkom tempi widened the area in Pivdenniy Ukraine: from 1778 to 1851, rock at 25 raziv.

Crim wheat, veins, barley siyali i іnshі kulturі: tiutyun - in Poltava, коноплі - on Чернігівщині, leon - at Pіvdenії Ukraіnі. In the Novgorod-Sivershchyna village, the de cannabis became the head goluzzy of the state. In the 50th rock of the XIX century. In Starodubskoy and Mglinskomu poitah sold cannabis spicy maize on mіljon karbovantsiv.

Another important goluzzu gostarstva for Chernigivshchyna that Poltavshchina Buv Tyutyun. Yogi saw here the cob of the XVIII century. Great value little syyanya Buryak. From 1848 to 1860 the rock of the area of ​​the area from Buryaks was grown from 27,700 to 43,690 dessiatines. In the XIX century. In galuzi tsukrovarennya, Ukraine has become one of the first regions of Europe immediately.

At the beginning of the XVIIIth on the back of the XIX century. Tvarninnitsu competed with rilnitsvom, especially in Pivdenniy Ukraine, de shiroki stepi, and the marriage of robot hands robed the livestock of the pributkovysh: in 1799 rotsi in Pivdenniy Ukrainy bulo 167 kinskih stadeny ta 269 rozplidno-vihovnyh gospodarstv rogatogo leanness. In 1830, in the self-sacrificed Katerinoslavschina boula, 287 Kinsky cadets and 311 raspplidno-vihovnyh gospodarstv great gambling. For one 1840 ric at the fairs of the Kiev province, 11,000 horses were sold. Khudub was hunted down to Rosii, to Schlonsk, Austria, Prussia. Studs are thin, yaku pereganyali from the Ukraine, Mali on kіlka tysyach golіv. In 1820-1830 rock, for example, up to 20,000 golovs of great hornlessness were brought to Petersburg, and in the 1840-their rock - to Petersburg that Moscow - to 160,000.

The velikoznogo pobyrennia nabalo vіvcharstvo, especially "finely-wounded". In the middle of the XVIII century. We went to the cities in the Ukraine of the Ipanpak Merino. In 1850, the 9,665,000 votes of the sheep, the number of "fine-wooled" people, were 4,144,000. The products of the ministry became the familiar galleys of the pomischevskogo statehood: they wove to the Russian state for a cordon cloth, outside, sire, and lures.

Widely rozposudzhene bulo бджільництво . Do action pomishchitskih matekami buli passiki on kilka honeycombs. In the Lisha itself, Poltava province gov- ernments sold, for 1827, a 1,300,000 poods of wax, 7,000 poods of honey.

Tsі butts, yakі stossuyutsya tilki deystvikih galuzey sylskogo gosdarstva, in absentia pokazuyut, yak shvidko rozvivaetsya vyno in Ukrainii. We poured into the tanks, krim skasuvannya kripatstva, the width of the machines and held the hall, they called the whole of Ukraine with the Black Sea ports.

In 1870-1880-their fate in pomishchitskomu gospodarjuvanni was a crisis. Significant part of the middle ta other drіdichіv was not predicted пристосуватися до нових умов, до заміни кріпацької праці - naimanoyu. Ті великі sumi, scho dostali stinks yak "vikup" for the land, there is little to add to the widow of the state. Qiu crisis pissed in the 1870-their rock "nadvibromnitsutvo" wheat in the Pivnichnyi Americas, Arentenni, Australii, Kanad. Masa cheap overseas wheat came to Europe, viklikayuchi padinya tsin on mositsvu wheat. Багато поміщицьких маєтків було it is sold. 1882 rock is based on the Sylsky Land Bank, which gave poses to villagers for purchase of lands in the Pomisshts. Vnasledok tsikh obstavin to the hands of the villagers has moved to the Ukraine colo 4 million tons of land. In 1877, the noblemen were littered with 16 million tons of tithes, 1902 - 12.2 million dessiatines.

At the top, the picture is as follows: 1861 in the Ukraine fellows sank 45.7% of the earth, rock in 1913 - 57%, and rock in 1916 - 65%.