home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

c) Zakarpattya

In Article XVI. Zakarpattya vves hour primushen Bulo Braty fate in borotbі susіdіv. Pіslya Peremohy Ugorschini in 1526 rotsі, yogo podіleno mіzh troma susіdami: Avstrієyu, Turechchinoyu that Semigorodom. Zakarpats'ka UKRAINE became teritorієyu on yakіy tochilasya Borotba Avstrії s Semigorodom, Zahіdne Pіdkarpattya - Pryashіvschina that Uzhgorodschina - perebuvalo pid zverhnіstyu Avstrії and skhіdne - Semigorodu Kraina bula zruynovana, Mista zanepalis. Єdinim Positive yavischem Bulo those scho zmenshivsya tyagar panschini, and in the mountains її not Bulo zovsіm. Tse has caused priplivu to Zakarpattya pereselentsіv іz Galicia.

Protyagom XVII century. on Zakarpattі rozvivalasya svoєrіdna culture; bogosluzhbovі get used books kiїvskogo that lvіvskoyu Druck; creates mіstseva relіgіyna literature, apocryphal legends, polemіchno-apologetichnі lіtopisi (napriklad, Guklivsky lіtopis) serednovіchnі povіstі, vіrshі. Vlasnyi Druck not Bulo i Pershi Knigge drukuvali in Ternovі. Zakarpats'ka pismenstvo to get used to the People; MTIE i relіgіyny little character.

XVIII century. Bulo doboyu vіdnosnogo Spock. Pravlіnnya Marії Terezії that Joseph II Items marked pіlgami for the villagers; "Urbaregulyabіya" 1766 rock obmezhila panschinu and 1785 rock skasovano pіddanstvo villagers. Against the death of Joseph II of pіslya, yogo nastupnik Leopold, vіdnoviv krіpatstvo, yak sider until 1848 roku. Posilennya panschini viklikalo ruh oprishkіv, povstantsіv, SSMSC Hove in the mountains i zvіdti vchinyali attacking that grabuvali pomіschitskі sadibi.

In the XIX century. on Zakarpattі Bulo bagato іntelektualnih forces yak not znahodili vіdpovіdnogo encampments on batkіvschinі ii passed to Galychyna abo to Russie. So to Lviv pereїhali - 1. P. Podіy be Zemanchik - professor Lvivske unіversitetu and Baludyansky M., I. Eagle, Yu-Venelin Gutsa, Karl Pavlovich pratsyuvali in Russie i on Ukraїnі. Povolі in zakarpatskіy lіteraturі creates new novel, far od narodnoї. Nayvidatnіshoyu owes a special debt tsієї Dobie CCB іstorik i ecclesiastical dіyach Michael Luchkay-Pop.

Revolyutsіyny Movement in 1848 roku i zahopiv Zakarpattya. Ugorskі povstantsі were agіtatsіyu Sered zakarpatskoї molodі, zaohochuyuchi її priєdnuvatisya to them i navіt zabirayuchi їh power to svoїh zagonіv. Bagato ukraїntsіv іz Zakarpattya tіkali to Galicia. Ruska Rada Golovna seen vіdozvu to Zakarpats'ka ukraїntsіv in yakіy peresterіgala їh against the Union s ugortsyami. At the same hour povstantsі zagrozhuvali Zakarpatskіy Ukraїnі doleyu Sodom Gomorrah th, Yakscho Won їh not pіdtrimaє. Todі zakarpatskі Selanne rozpochali partizansku vіynu proti ugortsіv scho nischili she fired їhnі Hati. Roku 1849 Zakarpats'ka іntelіgentsіya zvernulasya to avstrіyskogo tsіsarya that to Golovnoї Ruskoї s sake stated in yakih wrote about svoє Bazhannya vіddіlitisya od ugortsіv i priluchitisya to Galicia. Golovna Ruska Rada in svoїy vіdpovіdі zaklikaet Zakarpats'ka ukraїntsіv trimatisya spіlno th pіdtrimuvati Avstrіyu proti ugorskih povstantsіv. Against avstrіysky Uryadov not vipravdav nadіy ukraїntsіv scho yogo ryatuvali.

The following Doba іstorії Zakarpatskoї Ukraine zv'yazana s dіyalnіstyu A. Dobryanskogo, yaky all svoє Zhittya prisvyativ zahistovі neugorskih narodіv. Vіn vistupav ambassador od Zakarpattya on Slov'yanskomu Z'їzdі in Prazі that at Zborov Golovnoї Ruskoї For 1848 rotsі. Pіslya zdushennya ugorskogo insurrection avstrіysky Uryadov priznachiv A. Dobryanskogo komіsarom on Zakarpattі. For yogo іnіtsіyativoyu 1849 rock delegatsіya Zakarpats'ka ukraїntsіv Vislova tsіsarevі svoї pobazhannya, Sered them smut - rozpodіl Ugorschini in the District of natsіonalnіstyu. Uryadov taking up uwagi i qiu petitsіyu vidіliv "Ruthenian District 's oseredkom in Uzhgorodі and Dobryanskogo priznachiv on namіsnika.

A. Dobryansky priznachav ukraїntsіv on visokі Posti input ukraїnsku movu school i install. Pocha Renaissance lіteraturi appeared vidatnі pismenniki-patrіoti, SSMSC wrote ukraїnskoyu movoyu - O. Dukhnovych, Je Fentsik; D. Baludyansky vidaє ecclesiastical іstorіyu. Zasnovano lіteraturnі tovaristva "Presov Region Literary Society", in Uzhgorodі - "Society of St. Basil the Great." Against a great evil against expansion was moskvofіlstva, yak pіdіgrіvalosya voєnnimi Peremoga Russie i Relief rosіyskih dobrodіynih tovaristv; rozvivalosya so the title of "yazichіs" - piece Book mova moskvofіlіv have yakіy bezsistemno poєdnuvalis leksichnі that gramatichnі Elements zhivoї Ukrainian Language. Moskvofіlstvo shirilosya іntelіgentsії Sered, pogliblyuyuchi prіrvu mіzh her i selyanstvom.

Roku 1867 Avstrіya, rozbita Prusієyu, viznala right Ugorschini on samouryaduvannya. Zakarpats'ka UKRAINE OPIN pid Vladoiu Ugorschini. Ugortsі methane on ukraїntsyah for pogroms vchinenі rosіyskim vіyskom 1849 roku. Tsі pereslіduvannya viklikali ruїnu Zakarpattya i shtovhali ukraїntsіv to moskvofіlіv. Yaskravim predstavnikom moskvofіlstva, abo rusofіlstva CCB I. Rakovsky, vіtsedirektor Uzhgorodskoї semіnarії, editor of "Gazeta Tserkovnoї" she uporyadnik low pіdruchnikіv have yakih vіn arguments scho dumb ni ukrajins'koho people, ni Ukrainian Language and Je tіlki єdiny rosіysky people i єdina rosіyska mova.

1870 rock zavіtav to Zakarpatskoї Ukraine Drahomanov i pіznіshe in the "Austro-Ruthenian spominah ..." yaskravo zmalyuvav nevіdradnu picture Zhittya Zakarpats'ka ukraїntsіv, nazivayuchi їh "wounded brother." Analіzuyuchi Reason moskvofіlstva on Zakarpattі, Dragvmanov pіdkreslyuvav scho yogo zrozumіla reason; tse pragnennya vlasnoї powers i protest against madyarizatsії Ukraine. Two facts pіdsilili moskvofіlstvo: kar'єra, yak Zroby in Russie zakarpattsі - Baludyansky eagle that INSHI, i - rosіyska okupatsіya 1849 roku, yak show the strength Russie. Nіhto without thinking oznayomlyuvati ugorskih rusinіv s ukraїnskimi pismennikami, todі, yak bagato talked about rosіyskih.

Ale words i perestorogi Dragomanova not naslіdkіv Somalia. Shvydko rozvivalisya dzі protilezhnі techії. Persha - tse Uryadova madyarizatsіya in yakіy navіt Greek Katolitska churches became povolі znaryaddyam antiukraїnskoї polіtiki ugorskogo Uryadov. Zakarpatskі єpiskopi dіstavali іmenuvannya pid vplivom ugorskogo Uryadov. Zavmirali parafіyalnі Ukrainian school, Ukrainian zakrivalis newspaper. 1881 Rock Bulo 353 school s ukraїnskoyu vikladovoyu movoyu and rock zalishilosya tіlki 1883 282 1914 Rock vzhe not Bulo zhadnoї ukraїnskoї school. Another techіya - moskvofіlstvo tse, yak viyavlyalo protiaktsіyu. Prіrva mіzh іntelіgentsієyu i selyanstvom pogliblyuvalas. Before priєdnalisya stihіynі neschastya: kіlka rokіv boule nevrozhaї, i lyudnіst goloduvala. Vnaslіdok natural zbіlshennya sіlskogo population - nadіli fractions. Vihodom іz tsogo bula encampments іntensivna emіgratsіya to America, yak Poch in 1880 Rokach them.

So naprikіntsі XIX century. Zakarpats'ka UKRAINE Bula naybіlshe zanedbanoyu Sered usіh of Ukrainian lands.