home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

3. Jovtnev coup that yogo vіdgomіn in Ukraїnі

7th leaf fall (25 Zhovtnya Articles), 1917 rock Bolsheviks pid wire Lenina, zahopili Vlad in Petrogradі. Timchasovy Uryadov falling. Head For mіnіstrіv A. Kerensky vtіk, INSHI mіnіstri boule areshtovanі. Bolshevitska revolyutsіya ohopila shirokі expanses іmperії, ale zustrіla sprotiv in Ukraїnі on Don th at Kubanі.

Situatsіya in Kiєvі duzhe bula foldable. Here dіyali three Sealy: Central Rada th General Sekretarіyat, "The Soviet of Workers' Deputies and Soldatskih" Yakima zavolodіli Bolsheviks i - Staff Kiїvskoї Vіyskovoї County, scho Uryadov LUVs reprezentantov Timchasovogo, hoch Uryadov vzhe tsogo not іsnuvalo. Factuality of the Headquarters ob'єdnav rosіyskі Sealy, vorozhі ukraїntsyam i, i Bolsheviks: vіysko kiїvskoї liens kozakіv, yunkerіv and takozh rosіysku іntelіgentsіyu, chlenіv rosіyskih sotsіyalіstichnih partіy - bunt menshevikіv - that chehoslovatskі corral. Mіzh vіyskom Headquarters that the Bolsheviks Pocha zbroyna Borotba, yakoї stale result od the one pіdtrimayut ukraїntsі. Central Rada zaynyala country neutrality, scho give mozhlivіst peremogti Bolsheviks. Tse bula velichezna pomilka Tsentralnoї For scho vves h becoming tolerant to bolshevikіv not uyavlyachi sobі nebezpeki, yak stink carried. Pіslya third day boїv in Kiєvі (9-11 leaf fall) komanduvach Kiїvskoї Parishes General Kvetsinsky Juncker i donskі Cossacks left Kiev.

W padіnnyam Timchasovogo Uryadov she viїzdom іz of Kyiv vіrnogo Yomou vіyska all Vlad, natural, pereyshla to Tsentralnoї sake. Vaughn oderzhuvala s rіznih mіsts Ukraine said scho її viznayut for єdinu Vlad Ukraine.

Vnochi to 20 leaf fall 1917 p. on zasіdannі Maloї head Tsentralnoї For the sake of M. Grushevskogo Vote 3 іy Unіversal scho yogo UCLA Ukrainian sotsіyal-demokratichnі that sotsіyal-revolyutsіynі fraktsії. Unіversal progoloshuvav Ukraїnsku folk Respublіku, skasuvannya privatnoї vlasnosti on the ground, 8-Godin robіtny day control over virobnitstvom, skasuvannya kari death sudіvnitstva reform that natsіonalno-personal avtonomіyu for non-ukraїntsіv. 3 іy Unіversal vstanovlyuvav mezhі Ukraїnskoї Respublіki: krіm zaznachenih ranіshe 5 gubernіy include Harkіvschinu, Katerinoslavschinu, Kherson th Chastain Tavrії. Power about Holm that share little Voronіzhchini rozv'yazati sama їh population. 3 іy Unіversal Vote takozh sovіsti freedom, speech, Druck, zborіv, profesіynih spіlok, MTIE. Ale boule in nomu superechnostі: widely okreslivshi up Ukraine, yak Square Power, 3-іy Unіversal zalishav Federated phone reception іz Rosієyu, scho yak power, vzhe not іsnuvala. Tse did not pereshkodzhalo M. Grushevskogo pisati the "Narodnіy Volya", scho UKRAINE guilty ryatuvati tsіlіst i Yednist Russie (federativnoї).

Kohli said about Ukrainian dіyachі federatsіyu, the stench of Mali uvazі not vzhe zlіkvіdovany Timchasovy Uryadov, and nova federatsіyu narodіv, SSMSC were to warehouse kolishnoї Rosіyskoї іmperії, vklyuchayuchi th Council Narodnіh Komіsarіv. Mali uvazі Krim, the Caucasus, Donske Vіysko, Kuban, Sibіr, Moldavіyu that Bashkirіyu.

Central Rada zvertalasya to vsіh narodіv scho entered the warehouse to Russie, s propozitsієyu tvoriti sotsіyalіstichnі respublіki, SSMSC boule b ob'єdnanі in federatsіyu. W so central Uryadov - vvazhala Won - lіpshe will come to the world of the Austro-Ugorschina that Zittau. Tіlki Taqiy federal Uryadov matim, Movlyav, authority, more spiratimetsya on OAO All realnі Sealy demokratії.

Programm, namіchena 3 IM Unіversalom, Bula kolosalnoe. Tse bula Povny perebudova Ukraine on novih ambushes, s novimi laws that ekonomіkoyu. Perebudovuyuchi up Ukraine Square on power, greedy not Bulo word said about the Church, more for sotsіalіstіv, SSMSC Trimai in the hands of Kermit pravlіnnya With Ukraine not іsnuvalo relіgіynih power and obmezhuvalisya stink "Freedom sovіsti". 3 іy Unіversal viklikav protest. Especially GOSTR protestuvali proti land law depupati-villagers. Norma 40 tithes zemlі on skin Gospodarstwa - yak progoloshuvav 3 іy Unіversal, tsі Deputies znahodili zavisokoyu i stated scho villagers will not be pіdtrimuvati Central Rada, Yakscho won the Introduction Taku norm. Tom Central Rada vіdklala rіshennya tsogo power to sklikannya Ustanovchih Zborіv. At the same hour the Bolsheviks Vote decree about skasuvannya zemelnoї vlasnoste - without obmezhennya. Poshirennya tsogo decree in Ukraїnі spriyalo perehodovі villagers on bіk bolshevikіv.

Power about lіkvіdatsіyu private zemlevolodіnnya in 3-IM Unіversalі viklikalo velikі Tertea in General Sekretarіyatі. In presі Pocha GOSTR criticism 3rd Unіversalu.

In General Sekretarіyatі zayshli znachnі zmіni on ґruntі nezadovolennya third Unіversalom: s has acted Sekretarіyatu generalnі sekretarі: M. Savchenko Bіlsky (zemelnі right), A. Shulgin (natsіonalnі right), O. Zarubіn (Posta th telegraph), M. Tugan -Baranovsky (fіnansi), general clerk O. Lototsky, pіznіshe - Secretary General vіyni Petliura, tovarish Secretary General natsіonalnih ref B. Mіtskevich.

Usі polskі organіzatsії scho reprezentuvali in Ukraїnі to mіlyona meshkantsіv, said scho not viznayut 3rd Unіversalu. Predstavniki kiїvskih bankіv, vlasniki tsukrovaren, members of the Union on the land vlasnikіv svoїy naradі protest against skasuvannya rights vlasnosti to the ground. The General Sekretarіat give explanations scho skasuvanna privatnoї vlasnosti on the ground slit is not a law, and tіlki pobazhanna Tsentralnoї sake, scho tse power toil virіshiti Ustanovchі Zborov. Sekretarіyat zaklikaet zberіgati spokіy, ohoronyati remanent, thinness.

. On Ustanovchih Zborov, scho vіdbulisya naprikіntsі leaf fall 1917 p viyavilas perevaga of Ukrainian partіy: stink dіstali golosіv 75%, and the Bolsheviks tіlki 10%. Ale is not zvazhayuchi on tse, the Bolsheviks zdobuvali schoraz bіlshe values ​​his propaganda. In tsomu Dopomagala їm nerіshuchіst Tsentralnoї sake of power at the head - agricultural (31 tіlki sіchnya 1918 p kinds of laws about zemelnі right.), In spravі zakіnchennya vіyni that nalagodzhennya vіyskovih power.

Pid vplivom bolshevitskih agіtatorіv in Ukraїnі shirilasya anarhіya. Not zvazhayuchi on zaklik General Sekretarіyatu beregti natsіonalnі belongings passed a spreading Hvilya pogroms pomіschitskih Gospodarstwa, plyundruvannya factories zavodіv, nischennya zapasіv hlіba, rasovoї thinness, Palen lіsіv, sadіv. Not vistachalo forces to Borotba s anarhієyu. Up Ukraine poured masi dezertirіv іz front, SSMSC fired that grabuvali village. Ukrainian shelves tanuli soldier yshli Dodoma. Vidatny dіyach Direktorії, ranіshe Colonel General Staff Vladimir Petrіv, described qiu tragedіyu Ukraine "OAO All tsі shelves and їm dumb titles ni, ni numbers boule deprivation vipadkovim zіbrannyam people yak rozpalosya negayno, dotorknuvshis ukraїnskoї teritorії, more їh extinguished Bulo - "! Dodoma." So rozklavsya regiment scho yshov s Moscow "glorify vizvolennya Ukraine"; so znik regiment іmeni Shevchenko, scho s hocks Chastain stock Gvardії in Peterburzі; Yogo Wieslaw Bolsheviks went out on up Ukraine s "ROBIT order in burzhuaznіy Tsentralnіy Radі". Sproba zformuvati in Kiєvі two tons. Guestrooms. serdyutskih shelves s steadfast vіyskovoyu distsiplіnoyu without komіtetіv - viklikala protest General Sekretarіyatu, scho not hotіv postіynoї armії, yak "burzhuaznoї" yak "kontrrevolyutsіynoї".

In 1917 roku serpnі commander of the 34th Corps P. Skoropadsky dіstav dozvіl ukraїnіzuvati svіy body, becoming scho pіznіshe 1 im Ukrainian housing. Nezabarom in nomu Bulo vzhe 60,000 good zdistsiplіnovanih voyakіv. Naprikіntsі leaf fall 1917 p. warriors of the 2nd Corps Gvardіyskogo poskidali foreman, paying for the Bolshevik commander Єvgenіyu Bosch i pulled down on Kiev. Gen. Skoropadsky, on Vlasnyi hand obsadiv shelves Svoge whole body zalіznichnu lіnіyu, obezzbroїv zbolshevichenі shelf i vіdіslav їh to Moskovschina, obminayuchi Kiev. Zavdyaki tsomu manevrovі Stolitca Bula vryatovana od tsієї Navali. Not zvazhayuchi on qiu great merit, Skoropadsky zustrіv in General Sekretarіatі cooler representations, scho yogo shirilosya minutes on housing: Yomou prevented nalezhnogo utrimannya, produktіv i etc. In osobі Skoropadskogo the Secretary-General pіdozrіvav maybutnogo "Bonaparte"... Gen. Skoropadsky pіshov on dimіsіyu i komanduvannya housing pereyshlo to general Gandzyuka.

Pid vplivom negative representations Tsentralnoї sake-z one side i sovєtskoї agіtatsії - s another Tsey zrazkovy body TER rozklavsya.

Vazhlivoyu nebezpekoyu CCB ruh bolshevitskih zagonіv on Dіn. їh not passed, obezzbroyuvali, propuskayuchi tim hour without pereshkod donskih kozakіv scho povertalisya s front Dodoma. Naslіdkom tsogo CCB grіzny ultimatum Tsentralnіy Radі Sovєtu folk Komіsarіv, 17 thoracic obsession 1917 roku. Obvinuvachennya in "dezorganіzatsії" front, at rozzbroєnnі sovєtskogo vіyska have pіdtrimtsі "bourgeois Uryadov" Vіyska Donskogo, Sovєt zakіnchuvav zagrozoyu progoloshennya vіyni. In vіdpovіd on tse-General Sekretarіyat pripiniv dovіz hlіba to Moskovschina i virіshiv vipustiti Ukrainian paperovі groshі, zabezpechenі pributkami Ukraine.

Togo Well 17 in the thoracic Kiєvі zіbravsya Z'їzd Glad Selyanske, Robіtnichih that Soldatskih Deputatіv s metoyu primusiti pereobrati Central Rada. Against viyavilosya scho bіlshіst uchasnikіv z'їzdu have become Selanne: 2.000 s uchasnikіv Bulo tіlki 150 bolshevikіv. Provіd z'їzdom touched EU-Yeri, turning his head M. Grushevskogo. Todі Bolsheviks left Kyiv i pereїhali to Kharkova de spent 1 rd Vseukraїnsky Z'їzd Robіtnichih, Soldatskih that Selyanske Deputatіv. In svoїy vіdozvі z'їzd obvinuvachuvav Central Rada antinarodnіy, drіbnoburzhuaznіy polіtitsі, shovіnіzmі i natsіonalіzmі. Tsim very hard cob bolshevitskomu ukraїnskomu uryadovі, yaky Vote obrannya Central Vikonavchogo Komіtetu Glad yak nayvischoї Vlady Ukraїnі.

So hocks in Ukraїnі oseredki two: the General Sekretarіyat s central Radoyu in Kiєvі is the central Vikonavchy Komіtet Glad to have Harkovі. "People's Sekretarіyat" in Harkovі anulyuvav OAO All mandates General Sekretarіyatu in Kiєvі i having seen, judgment about dozvіl vivoziti hlіb to Moskovschina that about demokratizatsіyu armії in ambushes "behest h. 1".

The Bolsheviks rozgornuli Sered villagers velicheznu agіtatsіyu proti obscure law Tsentralnoї For about sotsіyalіzatsіyu zemlі, vimagayuchi rozpodіlu vsієї zemlі.

Bolshevitsky Uryadov rozpochav negayno zbroynu Borotba proti Tsentralnoї sake. In tsіy borotbі ukraїnske village zalishilosya non-vtralnim: Selanne vichіkuvali - hto peremozhe. W of Ukrainian Chastain, scho pereyshli nabіk bolshevikіv, nezabarom not zalishilosya nіkogo: masa ukrajins'koho vіyska "zdemobіlіzuvalasya" i turned to the village. The Bolsheviks spiral on Chervona Gvardіyu scho s priyshla that Petrograd to Moscow. Chervona Gvardіya not bula zvichaynim vіyskom: Tse boule dobrovіltsі, perevazhno robіtniki i sailor perekonanі Bolsheviks SSMSC nenavidіli "bourgeois" Central Rada, i ukraїntsіv vzagalі. Relief gave digit zkomunіzovanі latishskі vіyska. Komanduvachem Tsikh vіysk in Ukraїnі CCB Antonov-Ovsіgnko. Vіn planomіrno povіv ensue namagayuchis vіdrіzati Kiev od Lіvoberezhzhya. Naygіrshim Bulo those scho Bulo bolshezikam not require zdobuvati Mista: in cutaneous mіstі, Especially there, boule de factory, stench znahodili prihilnikіv Sered robіtnikіv i molodі, perevazhno rosіyskoї that zhidіvskoї, yak passed on їh bіk i vidavala of Ukrainian dіyachіv.

Tragedіya Ukraine polyagala in fact scho nіde Bolshevism znahodiv rіshuchogo sprotivu. Central Rada, in bіlshostі sotsіyalіstichna not prihovuvala svoїh probolshevitskih nastroїv. One іz її vplivovih dіyachіv publicly stating: "Yakscho not bude UKRAINE sotsіalіstichnoyu, we do not need nіyakoї". Mіzh іdeologіyami Tsentralnoї For that bolshevikіv Bulo little rіznitsі, i to the Central Rada could not keep them Borotba s not small zbroї against them at the head of the village power, and the Same - in the right lіkvіdatsії pomіschitskih land. In samіy Tsentralnіy Radі Chastina deputatіv EU erіv, ie. Public areas. "Lіve Krilo" - M. Poloz, M. Lubchenco, V. Ellansky, Sіvero-Odoєvsky, S. Bachinskaja, Je Neronovich - sprobuvali boule "visaditi Central Rada zseredini" rozіgnati її chlenіv i Pay "Ukraїnsku Radu Robіtnichih, Soldatskih i Selyanske Deputatіv". Swing is not going, zmovnikіv zaareshtovano for a short hour, vipuscheno, i stink served until Kharkova. Sche Dali pіshov head General Sekretarіyatu, V. Vinnichenko, yaky proponuvav viareshtuvati Chastain sekretarіv-General, once it s own, progolositi Radu Robіtnichih that Soldatskih Deputatіv i spend novі Vibor to Tsentralnoї sake. Tsei project svіdchit, yak beznadіyno divilisya on the encampment of Ukraine samі її kerіvniki.