home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

4. Zovnіshnya polіtika Ukraine

Making Ukraїnskoї powers, Bodai yak avtonomnoї in Rosіyskіy federatsії, prityagalo uwagi s soyuznikіv of cob, lіta s 1917 roku. Purshia vіdvіdav Central Rada in 1917 lipnі p. yaponskogo attache at the embassy Petrogradі, Ashіda. In addition serpnі Well rock priїhav of Kyiv to frantsuzky zhurnalіst Jean Polіsіє s napіvofіtsіynoyu mіsієyu nav'yazati stosunki s colas Tsentralnoї sake.

In zhovtnі pribuli of Kyiv to frantsuzkі predstavniki - General Tabuї that Colonel Perlє, SSMSC duzhe tsіkavilisya ukraїnskoyu vіyskovoyu right.

According decline Timchasovogo Uryadov she progoloshennyu Ukraїnskoї Narodnoї Respublіki іnteres Entente to Ukraine zrіs. Pіslya of yak Bolsheviks scored golovnokomanduvacha armіy General M. Duhonі-on to Zi of Kyiv pereїhali Bids vіyskovі mіsії Anglії, Frantsії, Іtalії, Yaponії, Rumunії, Serbії that Belgії. Since becoming oseredkom Kiev diplomatically peregovorіv Entente. On the cob 1918 roku sіchnya General Tabuї CCB priznacheny on ofіtsіynogo predstavnika Frantsії at uryadі Ukraїnskoї Respublіki. CCB predstavnik i od Anglії. Frantsіya proponuvala Ukraїnі poziku grіshmi, tehnіchnim priladdyam toscho; proponuvala Relief th Rumunіya. Vstanovilisya Dobri vіdnosini s Czechoslovakia Slovachchinoyu osobі head in Czechoslovakia Slovatskoї Natsіonalnoї For Masaryk. Usі tsі vіdnosini s Entente powers obіrvalisya, if UKRAINE Pocha mirovі discuss it s Avstrієyu that Nіmechchinoyu.

Poshtovh to separate the world have given the Bolsheviks, 15 thoracic scho 1917 roku pіdpisali favor pro peremir'ya s Nіmechchinoyu, Austro-Ugorschinoyu that Bolgarієyu. In 1917 grudnі p. Pocha talks in spravі peremir'ya s central Radoyu. 22 breast-1917 p. bolshevitska delegatsіya on cholі yakoї standing L. Trotsky, pribula up birch bark. 1st sіchnya 1918 rock pribula up birch bark ukraїnska delegatsіya, її ocholyuvav V. Golubovic, ukrainian EU-er; members tsієї delegatsії boule EU-Yeri: Lyubinsky M., M. Poloz, O. Sevryuk EU-December that M. Levitsky S. Ostapenko (ekonomіchny doradnik delegatsії).

M. Grushevskogo giving delegatsії іnstruktsіyu: domagatisya, UKRAINE dwellers dіstala Shіdnyu Galicia, Bukovina, Transcarpathia, Kholmshchyna that Pіdlyashshya, zalishilosya dwellers do not have someone else's hands greedy klaptika ukraїnskoї zemlі. In razі vіdmovi Austro-Ugorschini postupitisya lands SSMSC ranіshe nalezhali їy requiring Bulo domagatisya stvorennya s them okremogo corona edge from countless avtonomієyu.

At the talks priїhali - od Nіmechchini: Reigning secretarial zakordonnih ref Richard von Kuhlmann i yogo defender, delegate golovnoї apartments, Gen. M. Hofmann; od Austro-Ugorschini - mіnіster zakordonnih ref Earl O. Chernіn; od Bolgarії - mіnіster vnutrіshnіh ref Popov i Regiment. P. Ґanchev; Popov pіznіshe zamіniv head B. For mіnіstrіv Rodoslavov; od Turechchini - Ambassador at Berlіnі Іbragіm Ґakkі Pasha i Reigning secretarial Ahmet Nessіm Bay: pіznіshe pribuv Grand Vizier Talat Pasha. Tsіkavo uyaviti sobі Tsey tsvіt diplomatії - s one side - i young people far svoїm fahom od diplomatії - s more!

6th sіchnya 1918 p. Pocha negotiations, Berestі. Rozbilisya, discuss the fact scho Austro-Ugorschina not pogodzhuvalasya on the transfer of Galicia Bukovina that Ukraїnі: tse uskladnyuvalo b vіdnosini Austro-Ugorschini s flattered, i won rіshuche vіdkinula qiu vimogu ukraїnskoї delegatsії, hoch їy zagrozhuvav hunger, i won spodіvalasya dіstati hlіb h Ukraine. Austro-Ugorschina vimagala ofіtsіynogo progoloshennya Ukraїnskoї Nezalezhnoї Respublіki.

20th sіchnya 1918 p. zrobleno Pererva in zasіdannyah konferentsії ten dnіv.

W 22 to 25 sіchnya 1918 p. sider zasіdannya Maloї For in Kiєvі on yakih power obgovoryuvalosya Square, i Vnochi versus 25 sіchnya progolosheno 4-D Unіversal, Money Does have said: "The people of Ukraine! Tvoєyu power, the will, the word began to zemlі ukraїnskіy Vilna Ukraїnska Narodna Republic. "

At the 4th Unіversalі progolosheno nezalezhnіst Ukraїnskoї Respublіki, Ale znovu zaznachalosya, scho Ukrainian Ustanovchі Zborov, SSMSC toil Buti sklikanі yaknayskorіshe, povinnі virіshiti about federal power phone reception Ukraine s kolishnoyu Rosіyskoyu powers.

Vikonavchy body zamіst General Sekretarіatu dіstav titles Mіnіstrіv For the People; HEAD zavdannyam її little bootie ukladennya world s Central Powers. Pіslya pіdpisannya world armіya small Buti demobіlіzovana and zamіst neї small Buti target Narodna mіlіtsіya for receptionists robіtnichogo people, not "Bazhanov panіvnih klyas". Todі, pіslya demobіlіzatsії armії i turn voyakіv Dodoma, OOO All for the Folk toil Buti pereobranі, dwellers i mali warriors in their voice. Mali Buti zorganіzovanі For Selyanske, Robіtnichih that Soldatskih Deputatіv.

4-D Unіversal zaklikaet uves people zvіlniti up Ukraine od "bolshevikіv that іnshih napasnikіv". Uryadov MAV Respublіki pіdnesti folk Dobrobut, vіdbuduvati zruynovanі factory vstanoviti control virobnitstvom. On zalіzo, shkіri, Tyutyunov that INSHI Nai potrіbnіshі Flea progoloshuvalasya monopolіya powers. Wuxia land small Buti labor narodovі transferred without redemption rights. Usі natsіonalnі menshini koristatimut right natsіonalno-personalnoї avtonomії.

So stislo sounded zmіst 4th Unіversalu scho Vote up Ukraine by the Independent Respublіkoyu.

4-D Unіversal іz zaklikom before the world ever heard todі, if vzhe-valued Chastina Ukraine bula zaynyata bolshevitskimi vіyskami i mіstsevі Bolsheviks priєdnuvalisya to them organіzuyuchi "sovєti". 9th sіchnya 1918 p. moskovskі chervonoґvardіytsі pid wire Yegorova, kolishnogo Starshinov rosіyskoї armії, zahopili Katerinoslav; 10th sіchnya petrogradskі chervonoґvardіytsі, pid wire Colonel Muravyova (TER kolishnogo Starshinov rosіyskoї armії) obezzbroїli two Ukrainian shelves Harkovі.

19th sіchnya Muravyov zahopiv Poltava i punishing "mercilessly virіzati all mіstsevu burzhuazіyu". "Especially Maskovskiy vіddіl priznachennya" pid wire Znamenskogo, nastupayuchi s Bryanska, zaynyav Gluhіv i Krolevets. W Gomel nasuvalasya colon Berzіna on Bahmach that Konotіp. Bakhmach to defend vіddіl kiїvskih yunkerіv. On Relief їm priyshov s vіddіl studentіv of Kyiv - 300 bagnetіv; stink boule znischenі pid a steep 28 sіchnya. 27 sіchnya CCB zaynyaty Bakhmach.

Kiev opinivsya mayzhe in koli witch forces. A Sealy Tsentralnoї For boule neznachnі i bunt - nenadіynі. Sam M. vіyskovy mіkіster Porsche seemed scho The basic Nadiya on Vіlne Kozatstvo (pid wire іnzhenera M. Kovenka) that on Gaydamatsky Kіsh Slobіdskoї Ukraine, yaky skladavsya s soldatіv-frontovikіv; otamanom yogo CCB Petliura. Thirds of the more important power of CCB Kurіn Sіchovih Striltsy scho skladavsya perevazhno s kolishnіh polonenih Galicians. Komanduvav kuren Je Konovalets, for the chief of staff of the CCB A. Miller. Borotba rozgortalasya on vsomu Kiev on: standing on vulitsyah barikady, tochilisya vulichnі boї. Ukrainian shelves, scho perebuvali in stolyci, zdebіlshogo Vote "nevtralіtet".

Central Rada pid gurkіt Garmat obmіrkovuvala naybіlsh radikalnі Law - lіkvіdatsіyu about right vlasnosti on the ground, about demobіlіzatsіyu. Tsim usіm hotіla Won dopomogti delegatsії in Berestі - dati mozhlivіst pіdpisati worlds dogovіr od іmeni really dіyuchogo Uryadov. 31 sіchnya 1918 p. CCB residual virobleny land laws. Factuality virobili yogo Ukrainian EU-Yeri: O. Shumsky (pіznіshe Bolshevik), P. Khristyuk that rosіyskі EU-Yeri - M. Puhtinskii i cheap. Radikalnіstyu tsogo law of the Central Rada spodіvalasya znevtralіzuvati bolshevitsku agіtatsіyu.

Bolshevitska nebezpeka viklikala Bazhannya Know kompromіs s Bolsheviks shtovhala EU erіv on vimogu pereobrati kabіnet mіnіstrіv; Vynnychenko vvazhali for Nadto pomіrkovanogo. In pereobranomu kabіnetі head for the sake of the People's becoming Mіnіstrіv V. Golubovic.

4th Dire 1918 r. vіyska Muravyova pіdіyshli up of Kyiv. On the right berezі Dnipra znayshli stink Garmata, yakih not vstigli ukraїntsі transport. W silent Garmat Pocha bombarduvannya of Kyiv. Guruґanny Vogon vіdkrito of 6 fierce, i sider vіn without Pererva day i nich. At Night vs. 9 Dire Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv is the Mala Rada s 3.000 voyakіv left Kiev. About Tsey vіdstup Kiyani dіznalisya deprivation 9 Dire vrantsі, if Kiev already zaynyaty CCB Bolsheviks.

Muravyov have nakazі of 4 Dire punishing svoїm vіyskam "mercilessly znischiti vsіh ofіtserіv, yunkerіv, gaydamakіv, monarhіstіv i vsіh vorogіv revolyutsії". Dіysno "vіyska Muravyova celebrated Kiev on krivavu rіzaninu, yakoї Misto not Bachilo s chasіv Andrew Bogolyubskogo" - harakterizuvav perebuvannya Muravyova in Kiєvі Doroshenko. Nazivali rіzne casualties: 5,000 i bіlshe, not less then yak at 3.000 rozstrіlyano Purshia day. Rozstrіlyuvali perevazhno rosіyskih that of Ukrainian petty - quiet, hto MAV posvіdki Tsentralnoї sake, i dekogo s Gromadska dіyachіv.

11th Dire 1918 r. in Kiєvі progolosheno "Ukraїnsku Robіtnicho-Selyanske Respublіku 's folk Sekretarіyatom on cholі to warehouse yakogo included: Єvgenіya Bosch - vnutrіshnі right, Yu Kotsyubinsky - vіyskovі right, B. Ausem - fіnansi V. Zatonsky - Osvita. Before pereїhali of Kyiv s Kharkova OAO All Sekretarіati. Chlenіv Tsentralnoї For ogolosheno Carney zlochintsyami and Mein їhnє zrekvіzovano. Mіskіy Dumі punished negayno Misto lead to "order". Mіsky head of the EU-er Ryabtsov vіtav introd bolshevikіv i "vіdnovlennya єdinogo, zagalnorosіyskogo revolyutsіynogo front".

Tsim time panuvannya bolshevikіv sider three tizhnі.