Історія України - Полонська Василенко Наталія: Том 1

УКРАЇНА ПІД ПОЛЬЩЕЮ

Наслідки Люблинської унії для України були величезні. Україна була розірвана: більша її частина перейшла до Польщі - Галичи, Холмщина, Волинь, Поділля, Брацлавщина, Київщина, Підляшшя. For the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Byelorussian lands were covered with Vitebsk, Orsha and Mstislavl; Українські землі: все Beresteiske vіvevstvo ta Pinzschina. Bukovina in the middle of the XIV century. Was in the warehouse of Moldavia, and if Moldavia 1564 р. She recognized the protectorate of Tourecchini, she crossed the border with Turkey and Bukovina. Закарпаття, після недовгого правління Коріятовичів, дісталося під владу Угорщини. Після поразки Угорщини in the 1526 р. І поділу між Туреччиною, Австрією та та Семигородом, -Закарпаття теж поділено: Pryshivshchina ta Uzhhorod was found under the auspices of Austria, and the part of the part is under the Seven-Year Plan. The part of Ukraine is known to have been written down under the rule of Moskvi: all the stock of the Desna and the Seymu on Oster and Gomel over Sozha, the upper reaches of Psal, Vorskli and Dintsya. In 1513, the Moscow City Committee received Smolensky, in 1563 - Polotsk. Tens of Chernigivskys, those Novgorod-Siversk princes at once went to Moskvi with their own lands, having given birth to the clans of the clans: Odoevsky, Masalskih, Vorotinsky, Trubetskih, Belskys and others. Litovsk Knyazіvstvo has not lost its own land, but its power is not important. Spilna zhittya z Pol'schee not nalogodzhuvalosya. Lithuanian patriotis harrowed their rights and trimmings on sprinkled soums.

Набільше втратила Україна: національне життя і національні традиції зазнали тяжких удаів. Polish gentry zgirdvolno stavilasya up vsyogo someone else, and before the Ukrainians put a dilemma: abo zrektisya polichnichnogo zhittya, polo polizovatsya. Поволі польське право, мова, католицизм it was widened so, як то було в Галичині. The king did not dislodge the right to distribute land, but the Poles were widely spread by the tsim. In Poland for a long time already in Vicherpano, the boulevard of the earth, and in zvjazyku zagalnoyu ekonomichnoyu konjunkturoyu in Europe zbilshivsya popit on zbizhzhya, i sylske gostarstvo became pributkovym. Tse viklikalo bazhannya pobilshuvati ploschu ornoi zemli. Mayge negayno після Люблинської унії починається a wide distribution of land to the Polish Panamas on Київщині, Брацлавщюгі, on Задніпров'ї, що were famous for the fodder chornozem. In Ukraine z'yavlyayutsya velichezni lyatifundії "koro'yat" - Polish manat: Zamoisky volodili lands in Ternopil to Pawolochi, Tarnovschi - Umanshchinoyu, Konecpolsky Mali of the old town of Barska, Ploskirovske, Chigirinsky, Korsunsky, Pereyaslavsky, Gadyatsky, Myrgorodsk. Nybyolshee won Vishnevetsky - Olexander and Mikhailo: in 1590 r. All Посулля, що наприкінці XIX ст. Poltavsky was hunting that part of the Chernigiv province. Zemlі tі buli poorly залюднені, і, schob privabiti villagers, in tsikh lyatifundііah "slobodi", пільгові роки, from 20 to 40, have been put out with the extension of some stinks did not pay taxes and did not plow the panschin. People from the parts of Ukraine began to settle in the earth with their neemovirnyi shvidkisty. Engineer Boplyan, a servant of the Konetspolsky, writing, but stinks slept 50 slobid; At the Tarnowski Viroslo 110 містечок та 200 сіл. Ocrem points of the buli are densely populated: in the Romny boula 6000 states, at Lokhvitsi - 3325, at Lubnyakh - 2646, Piryatin-1749.

Lithuanians did not vvazhali their wits for the hopeless. The death of Sigismund-Avusta in 1572 rotsi stumbled to turn the Ukrainian land, or called the burden of wines from Moscow, Lithuania could not lead the yak without Polish assistance. Candidates for the Lithuanian prestige of the Buli were the French prince Genrikh Vaiaiu ta Ivan IV Lyuty, Tsar Moskovski. Ivan IV, having set his mind for the Polish, he left the Lithuanian people to the post. Нарешті Lithuania та Польща сpільно обралили Генріха Valua, але for a short hour він утік до Франції, де посів королівський престіл, як Генріх II. It was the turn of the people's mind, and Lithuania tried to get hold of the protest, not taking part in the soym of 1573 r. Vaughn is a small arrogant candidate for the Grand Duke - Austrian prince Ernst. Al repeated that very nervousness, and the protest ended up for visions for the Grand Duke Stefan Batoriy , the reverse king of Poland (1573-1586). The yogo power in the battlefield in Moscow, tactful conduct against Lithuania (for which the Lithuanian Constitution was drafted before the other, in the spirit of the autonomy of Litvi), they called Lithuania from the Poland in tisnishe. Під час безкоролів'я після смерти Стефна Баторія in 1586 р Lithuania has zbilala znova sporu rozirvati z Polnshuyu, alle was reconciled to the candidature of Sigismund III Vazi (1587-1632) , the prince of Sweden.

The rule of Sigismund III trivialized 45 rock and roll by hour for Ukraine and the Poles. All yogo rulelinna boolo is reserved for the benefit of the crowns of Swedes and Muscovites. The fanatical Catholic, Sigismund III is not a popular populace in Shvets, and in 1588 r. The Swedish king becoming a yogi uncle, Carlo. Ran dovga vinyna zi Shvetsiyoyu, yaka koshtuvala Polshi bagatogo penny that people, ali Sigismundov did not give the crown. In Ukraine, the Ukraine is important, but it turned out in the beginning of the Ukrainian census, the yak viskovskogo organizatsiya. It's hard for Poland to buy a crown for Moscow. In 1598, in the Moscow kingdom, the deaths of Tsar Fyodor, the dynasty of the so-called "Rurikovichi", the wretchedness of Yuriy Dovgoruky, and the "Time of Troubles" began. The images of the Zemsky Sobor, Tsar Boris Godunov nesprozmannosti bov not to spoil that calm firmness. In 1604, the candidate for the throne was defeated in Moscow against the siege of Ivan IV - Tsarevich Dimitaria, who, having sneaked around the mysterious scenes in 1591 р. Yogi recognized Chernigivshchina, t. Сіверська Україна, підтримали приватні полки польських панів та українські днські козаки; Switched to yogo bіk і Московські війська. In the 1605 р. Dimitri hunted the throne, ale in 1606 r. Bouc clogs. At the close of the hour Vasyl Shuisky became the king, against whom the insurrection rallied in the plains, and in the middle of some kerivnu, I played the grills of the Moscow Siverskoi Ukraina, with the Vatyazhs-the religious Putivsky, Prince Shakhovskiy and the colossal servant Bolotnikov. Повстанців розбито. Tim hour at Starodubi z'yavisya noviy pretender to the throne pіd іменем Димитрія, що нібито врятувався від смерти. Osoredkom yogo vіyska became Tushino. Yogi recognized: the widow Dimitaria I, Marina, the Polish clan of Mnishki, the bagatoes of the boyars, the naval russia, the Filipet colshny boyar Romanov.

Do not mogshi podolati "tushintsiv, Vasiliy Shuysky zvernnushya on dopomogu to Shvetsiy. Todi Sіgіmmund III ruined a campaign against Moscow, ale zupinivsya pid Smolensk, I did not miss zdobuti stretching 21 months. In the 1610 р. The boyars threw Vasiliy Shuyskyy and threw the king Sygizmundovoy Sin Vladislav into a miserable state, and, after a breakdown, passed to the Orthodox. Prote, Sіgіmmund not vidpuskav Vladislav, bo hotov himself buti tsar. The occupation of Moscow began with Polish viscies. Poland was not seen in its own "rights" to Moscow to sign a letter, yak in 1613 r. On the Zemsky Sobor, the reverse of the tsar - Mikhail Romanov . In 1613-1614 of the river. Vladislav went to Moscow, "to take away his kingdom", having known ill luck. A hive about the peremir'ya for 1472 rock is hardened for the Polish Smolensk and Chernigov-Siversku land. Roku1632, pіd hour міжкоролів'я після death Сігізмунда III, Moscow vіys'ko virshilo proti Polschі, але під Smolensky has learned the wicked. Rock 1634th was signed by Polyanovskiy "Vіchnyi mir", which was left permanently closed behind the Lithuanian-Polish state Smolenska and Chernivtsi-Siversku earth, while Vladislav zryksy pretended to the Moscow throne. The fate of the Cich Polesko-Muscovite campaigns in Kiev took a lot of fate. У війську Сігізмунда під час облоги Smolenskaya bulo kolo 30.000 козаків. Pid hour Vladislav's campaign against Moscow in 1618 rotsi Kozaki voryatuvali korolevicha vid polona. Roku 1632 poliske visko little of 9,000 warriors, and kozakiv boulo 20,000 pied to the command of Hetman Timos Orendarenka. The stinkers took Smolensk, Kaluga, Vyazma. So, the naprikintsi XVI ta on the ear of the XVII century. Козаки почали відігравати щораз більшу ролю в історії Polish-Lithuanian state.