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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Zaynyatіst i vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy

Vikoristannya robochoї Sealy in protsesі pratsі peredbachaє її vіdtvorennya, yak is staying at vzaєmozv'yazku s vіdtvorennyam suspіlnogo product. Vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy podіlyaєtsya on okremі Fazi: formuvannya i vіdshkoduvannya, rozpodіlu th pererozpodіlu optimal vikoristannya.

Phase formuvannya i vіdshkoduvannya - tse natural vіdtvorennya, tobto narodzhennya people i dosyagnennya them Zgoda pratsezdatnogo vіku and takozh vіdnovlennya zdatnostі to pratsі in zaynyatih pratsіvnikіv i dosyagnennya zadovolennya potreb chlenіv suspіlstva. For tsogo neobhіdnі produkti harchuvannya, odyag, Zhitlo, i osvіti mortgage culture, and takozh entire infrastructure Suchasnyj іsnuvannya Helsinki Human (transport, toscho phone reception); mozhlivіst zdobuti osvіtu, will win spetsіalnіst th Pevnyi kvalіfіkatsіyu of labor. Tsya phase peredbachaє nayavnіst i efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya usіh areas organіzatsії sotsіalnogo Zhittya - polіtichnoї, ekonomіchnoї i duhovnoї.

Phase rozpodіlu th pererozpodіlu - tse rozpodіl robochoї Sealy for robіt species, native dіyalnostі and takozh for organіzatsіyami, pіdpriєmstvami, areas regіonami, kraїnami. In sistemі rinkovoї Economy will require at robochіy silі zabezpechuєtsya Rink pratsі, pererozpodіl її zdіysnyuєtsya vіdpovіdno to popitu i takozh Offers pratsі on market analysis. Otzhe meta tsієї Fazi - zabezpechennya nayefektivnіshoї zaynyatostі pratsezdatnogo population, optimal rozpodіl i pererozpodіl kvalіfіkovanoї robochoї Seeley.

Phase optimal vikoristannya - tse realіzatsіya zdіbnostey ekonomіchno active population to tvorchoї pratsі on pіdpriєmstvah in organіzatsіyah i in ekonomіtsі zagalom. Here the main problem in polyagaє zabezpechennі zaynyatostі population i in efektivnosti vikoristannі resursіv of labor.

Usі Fazi organіchno pov'yazanі mіzh him.

Takozh rozrіznyayut ekstensivne that іntensivne vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley. Ekstensivne vіdtvorennya oznachaє zbіlshennya chiselnostі of labor resursіv in okremih regіonah i in kraїnі zagalom without zmіni їh yakіsnih characteristics. Іntensivne vіdtvorennya of labor resursіv pov'yazane Zi zmіnoyu їh of Quality, tse zrostannya osvіtnogo rіvnya pratsіvnikіv, їh kvalіfіkatsії, fіzichnih i rozumovih zdіbnostey toscho. Ekstensivne that іntensivne vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy vzaєmno dopovnyuyut odne one.

Nepovna zaynyatіst

In Suchasnyj minds have bagatoh kraїnah svitu zagrozlivih rozmіrіv Nabeul nepovna zaynyatіst i Especially prihovana nepovna zaynyatіst. Nepovna zaynyatіst Je protilezhnіstyu povnoї zaynyatostі i harakterizuєtsya nepovnoyu pay pratsі abo zaynyatіstyu nepovny robochem day (Tyzhden). Nepovna zaynyatіst Mauger Buti yavnoyu abo prihovanoyu.

Yavna nepovna zaynyatіst zumovlena zdebіlshogo sotsіalnimi reasons. Nepovnu zaynyatіst mozhna vimіryati bezposeredno, vikoristovuyuchi danі about zarobіtok, vіdpratsovany hour abo for Relief spetsіalnih vibіrkovih obstezhen. Prihovana nepovna zaynyatіst vіdobrazhaє torn down rіvnovagi mіzh robochem power that іnshimi virobnitstva factors. Vaughn pov'yazana, zokrema, іz zmenshennyam obsyagіv virobnitstva, crises in ekonomіtsі i viyavlyaєtsya nizkih in income, in nizkіy produktivnostі pratsі. In Ukraїnі prihovana nepovna zaynyatіst Pokey scho no reglamentovana i becoming law digit vіdsotok Sered bezrobіtnih. Osnovnі Reason nepovnoї zaynyatostі: Ekonomichna nestabіlnіst in the minds transformatsії to rinkovoї FORMS organіzatsії Gospodarstwa, SSMSC porodzhuyut bezrobіttya. Nepovna zaynyatіst zumovlyuє rozorennya Chastain of companies, nagromadzhennya kapіtalu scho sprichinyaє disproportsіyu in dinamіtsі nagromadzhennya that іnvestuvannya. Nerіvnomіrnіst іnvestuvannya tіsno pov'yazana іz pitched podatkovoї system generally produces scho to tsiklіchnogo nature virobnitstva and vіdpovіdno i have to log The dinamіtsі pratsevlashtovanih.

Situatsіya scho sklalas on market analysis pratsі in Ukraїnі at 2000 p svіdchit about those scho s 100 Cutaneous bezrobіtnih, SSMSC perebuvali on oblіku 52 ranіshe boule robіtnikami, 32 -. Sluzhbovtsyami. Rіven zareєstrovanogo bezrobіttya zagalom on kraїnі pochinayuchi Travnia z 2000 r. Got to tendentsіyu skorochennya i 1 sіchnya 2001, p. becomes 4.2% of the population pratsezdatnogo pratsezdatnogo vіku, 1 leaf fall 2002 p. - 3.6%. Dinamіku tsogo pokaznika in 1999-2000 pp. imposed in Fig. 32 in vіdsotkah to pratsezdatnogo population pratsezdatnogo vіku on 1 number vіdpovіdnogo mіsyatsya.

Fig. 32. Dinamіka zareєstrovanogo bezrobіttya in Ukraїnі

Rіven bezrobіttya rozrahovuєtsya for with such a formula

Nezvazhayuchi on zagalnu tendentsіyu skorochennya rіvnya bezrobіttya, situatsіya in tsіy sferі in sіlskіy i mіskіy mіstsevostі Bula neodnakovoyu. On tlі zagalnogo znizhennya tsogo pokaznika in mіskіy mіstsevostі sposterіgalosya yogo zrostannya in sіlskіy. Napriklad, Quantity vіlnih robochem mіsts i vakansіy on Ukraїnі zagalom 2000 p. zbіlshilas in 1.3 once (od 50.7 yew. 1 sіchnya 2000 r. to 68.7 yew. osіb 1 sіchnya 2001 p.).

Yak naslіdok navantazhennya on vіlnі robochі Georeferencing of the Year zmenshilosya vіdpovіdno of 24 to 17 osіb. When tsomu navantazhennya on odne vіlne robochem Location vіdpovіdnih kategorіy pratsіvnikіv for zaznacheny perіod takozh zmenshilos: to plant a pratsіvnikіv - of 18 to 13 osіb, sluzhbovtsіv - of 30 to 23, at the Posada, scho not potrebuyut spetsіalnoї pіdgotovki - of 54 to 48 osіb. Slіd zauvazhiti scho vprodovzh zaznachenogo perіodu navantazhennya on odne vіlne robochem Location in sіlskomu gospodarstvі uniquely zbіlshilosya.