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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 1

b) Unіyatska church in the XVII century

W of the cob viyavilosya scho polsky Uryadov not bazhaє viznati for unіatskimi єpiskopami rights Roman katolitskih єpiskopіv: stink not dіstali mіsts in senatі not zvazhayuchi on leaves in tsіy spravі Papi Clement "Bula tse Persha zloschasna pomilka polskogo Uryadov in spravі unії" - wrote polsky іstorik, єpiskop Je Lіkovsky.

Unіyatska Tserkva OPIN in stanі іzolyatsії. Polskі єpiskopi takozh not hotіli viznavati її, rahuyuchis not relіgіynimi s look, and z natsіonalnіstyu unіyatіv. "Pravoslavnі nenavidіli unіyatіv for їh zradu pravovіrnosti, and the Roman Church is not Katolitska vvazhala їh for povnotsіnnih bratіv, more rіshalnoyu for neї Bula NATIONAL rіznitsya mіzh unіyatskimi ukraїntsyami that katolitskimi Poles." Unіyatska Tserkva bula in Polschі deprivation tolerable. "Tse mayzhe neymovіrno, ale avtentichnі svіdotstva not zalishayut sumnіvu scho latinske clergy zamіst of dwellers prityagati to imagine unіyatіv, їh tіlki dratuvalo th prinizhuvalo" - Pichet єpiskop Je Lіkovsky. A s the other side ukraїntsі-pravoslavnі pokladali on ukraїntsіv-unіyatіv vіdpovіdalnіst for OAO All zlochini, dokonuvanі against them Catholics-Poles.

Zav'yazuvavsya vuzol vіdnosin, s yakogo hard Bulo Know vihіd. Godі TER Casati - Pichet іstorik G. Luzhnitsky scho tіlki pravoslavnі ukraїntsі vistupali proti unіyatіv. Not menshіy mіrі ukraїntsі-unіyati pereslіduvali Orthodox. Ukrainian Yak katolitskі so i Ukrainian pravoslavnі dzherela podayut Cheema faktіv vzaєmnogo pereslіduvannya, i s CIM ob'єktivnim tverdzhennyam not possible not pogoditisya. In zapalі Borotba obidvі between the parties do not know. Vische zgaduvalosya about snouts Antonіya Grekovicha, namіsnika metropolitan Kiєvі; scored Bulo ієromonaha Budkevich in Peremiskіy єparhії, Shargorodskogo Matvіya Dean, Archbishop Josaphat Kuntsevych. Єpiskop Land narahuvav bilja 100 unіyatskih svyaschenikіv scored Orthodox. Poranenі boule Metropolitan Rogoza Mihaїl that Іpatіy Potіy. Pravoslavnі not mali such reєstru, ale toll їh Bulo TER mala. Dosit zgadati Hoch bi rozgrom єzuїtami Brotherhood that school in Lutsk in 1634 rotsі, about scho єpiskop Afanasіy Puzin vnіs to Vlad Opis podії s protest to books ґrodskih Lutsk.

Pіslya death Mikhailo IV Rogosi, unіyatskim Metropolitan becoming Іpatіy Potіy (1600-1613) єpiskop Volodimirsky that Beresteysky. Tycoon s pohodzhennya, visokoosvіcheny to transition to unіyu blizky to Prince Kostyantin Ostrozky that yogo gurtka, CCB Potіy one іz vidatnih dіyachіv XVI-VII Article .. Yogo nazivali "unії dad." Vіn CCB vidatny propovіdnik that polemіst. Potіy vvazhav for svoє smut zavdannya pіdnesti osvіtu i zasnuvav katolitskі schools in Berestі that akademіyu in Vіlnі.

In svoїh propovіdyah that creates drukovanih Potіy vіdshukuvav іstorichnі fact - the right that privіleї, nadanі dukes that kings Ukraїnskіy Katolitskіy Tserkvі; vіn arguments scho bula Ukraїnska Tserkva zavzhdi katolitskoyu, so i rank Beresteyska Unіya tіlki completed those scho Bulo ranіshe. Takі tverdzhennya Potіya viklikali oburennya s side Orthodox, protestantіv that polskogo klіru obvinuvachennya yogo in falshuvannі arhіvnih dokumentіv. Lachey Apostolska capital - Pope Clement VIII that Paul V pіdtrimali Potіya. Papi zaklikaet latinskih єpiskopіv Vіlni, Lutsk, Lvov dopomagati Potієvі, Ale s Tsikh zaklikіv nіchogo not viyshlo. Navpaki, rock 1608 against Metropolitan pochavsya ruh. Orthodox clergy Vіlni Zi stavropіgіynim Vіdenskim Brotherhood ogolosili "neposluh" mitropolitovі th intonation dverі church. Borotba proti Potіya zakіnchilasya atentatom to Demba: in 1609 rotsі fin vіdenskogo magіstratu Ivan Tupeka throwing on Demba s sword i vіdrubav Yomou two paltsі pravoї hands yakoyu Potіy shielding his head.

Mavshi ofіtsіyno title "Metropolitan Kiїvskogo" Іpatіy Potіy vves hour perebuvav in Vіlnі, yak became rezidentsієyu mitropolitіv. Cossacks are not admitted to the Metropolitan of Kyiv.

Vorozhnechu mіzh Orthodox that unіyatami rozpalyuvali materіalnі right: power - who nalezhit right volodіti churches that maєtnostyami? Bo obidvі Church vvazhali currently Prawna volodіltsyami church maєtnostey i scho nalezhali Tserkvі gretskogo rite.

Joseph Velyamіn Rutsky (1613-1632), slit for Zhittya Metropolitan Іpatіya Potіya 1612 rock LUVs priznacheny Starym Metropolitan praviti mitropolієyu, i for smertі Potіya became Metropolitan. Yogo Batko, Velyamіn, vtіk s Moskovschina for Іvana Fierce. Homeland settled on Bіlorusі in selі Ruta, i od tsієї titles taking svoє prіzvische Metropolitan. Farther on yogo pereyshli kalvіnіzm, ale senior sina, Іvana, maybutnogo Metropolitan ohrischeno in pravoslavnіy vіrі. Perche osvіtu dіstav vіn at dvorі knyaginі Zaslavskoї, potіm zakіnchiv Vіlnі at school; pіslya of CCB Prince Ostrozky in Ostrozі. Pіslya death dad Velyamіn Rutsky viїhav to Prague, de pereyshov on katolitstvo. Zakіnchivshi Vyurtsburzky University іz Feet Dr. fіlosofії becoming vіn stipendіatom gretskoї kolegії Afanasіya Great in Rimі de pіdgotovlyalisya mіsіoneri for navernennya Orthodox katolitstvo on, i for tsogo th sіli samі mother skhіdnіy rite. Tsogo Dovgy hour not hotіv Velyamіn Rutsky, i tіlki on vimogu Papi Clement VIII zmіniv rite.

Turning to Vіlni, Velyamіn Rutsky pobachiv, yak bula weak unіya "Zaga gromadyanstva, perevazhna Chastina clergy zve unіyu folk zradoyu, vіdstupnitstvom, zaprodanіstyu Poles. Pomіzh clergy Absent ni one vchenogo for viynyatkom s Metropolitan Neznachny handful prihilnikіv. Єdiny Monastery, scho priєdnavsya to unії, St. Troytsі in Vіlnі, CCB mayzhe Empty "- so zmalovuє G. Luzhnitsky picture of scho outposts in Vіlnі in 1603 rotsі Velyamіn Rutsky.

G. Luzhnitsky daє Taku picture poshirennya unії on єparhіyah: 1. Naykraschі boule - Holmsko Bielsko-єparhіya de unіyu viznala bіlshіst population, is the 2-Lutsk Ostroh, de Won Trimai mіtsno; 3-4 - in єparhіyah Volodymyr-time Beresteyskіy s Vіtebskoyu that Mstislavskoyu, unіya poshiryuvalasya weak; 5. Polotskіy "unіya nіyakogo entered is not small"; 6 is the 7 - in Halytska-Lvіvskіy that Peremisko-Sambіrskіy єparhіyah unіyatіv not Bulo, He can be zabuvati with the fact scho s dvoh Churches - Pravoslavnoї that Unіatskoї - SSMSC boule "tolerovanі" polskim Uryadov, Unіatska small zavzhdi perevagu before Orthodox, Won bula materіyalno zabezpechena, more small bіlshu Chastain "dіbr" yakimi ranіshe volodіli pravoslavnі and headache - pochuvala over them Visoko protektsіyu th moral Relief Apostolskoї stolyci.

Oznayomivshisya s real-pitched Unіyatskoї i zmusheny Church Pope Clement VIII to vstupiti neї, Joseph-Velyamіn Rutsky stick for taking the right Relief Tserkvі. Nasampered vіn virіshiv reformuvati Order of St. Basil the Great - Vasilіyan, Money Does nalezhav Monastery of St. Sofії in Vіlnі. In 1607 rotsі vіn entered to tsogo Manastir i znayshov there spіvrobіtnika in osobі Josaphat Kuntsevych, pіznіshe єpiskopa Polotskogo. Pong uporyadkuvali Monastery, entered Chernecha distsiplіnu. On Archimandrite priznacheno Velyamіna Rutskogo. W 1611 roku vіn CCB already єpiskopom. Pid wire Velyamіna Rutskogo rozvivaєtsya Troїtsky Monastery. Vіn carry up Vіlni zhіnochy Bitenya s Monastery, and Bitenі zasnovuє Vasilіyansky Monastery.

In 1616 rotsі Josaphat Kuntcevich dіstav Monastery in Zhirovitsy, yaky TER transferred Vasilіyanam. Dali, pid vplivom St. Troїtskogo Monastery, Archimandrite scho pid Kermit Josaphat, becoming vіdomy svoєyu svyatіstyu i Suvorov doderzhuvannyam Chernecha rules vіdnovleno manastirі in Mіnsku, Novgorodka, Krasnoborі that Grodnі, ale z cutaneous them alive svoїm okremim Zhittya. Metropolitan Joseph IV hotіv ob'єdnati OAO All manastirі pid Kermit a general guide, on zrazok latinskih chinіv. Not mayuchi vіdpovіdnih forces vіn zvernuvsya for Relief to the General Chin Єzuїtіv, dwellers. vіn deleguvav for іnstruktazhu dvoh chlenіv. Tse zvernennya to єzuїtіv viklikalo slit bіlshe hatred zboku Orthodox, SSMSC bachili in addition latinschennya chernetstva. Roku 1617 zatverdzheno Novi statute Vasilіyan: on cholі becoming protoarhimandrit, yakogo fleeced chentsі all Zhittya i yakogo zatverdzhuvav Metropolitan. Once on 4 Rocky zbiralasya Kapіtula-General. H hour in order єpiskopami could Buti tіlki Vasilіyani fact scho Bulo odruzhene bіle clergy. Roku 1624 vasilіanska reform ohopila vzhe 20 manastirіv.

Joseph IV of, pragnuchi pіdnesti prestige Metropolitan hotіv move to katedru of Kyiv. Before the s XV century. Metropolitan perebuvali in Novgorodka abo have Vіlnі. Bula right is not easy, more whole Kiїvschina zalishalasya Orthodox, i unіyatіv in nіy mayzhe not Bulo. Against Velyamіn Rutsky dosit easily dіstav Sofіysky Cathedral that Vidubitsky Monastery. Metropolitan of Kyiv to translate grupu Vah silіyan s Vіlni th doruchaє їm mіsіynu Prace.

Orthodox zalishilisya - Kiєvo-Pechers'ka that Mihaylіvsky manastirі Vische vzhe bula mova, yak reaktsіyu zboku Orthodox Metropolitan viklikali peredrannya Velyamіnom Rutskim St. Sofії that mіsіyna dіyalnіst namіsnika Metropolitan іgumena Vidubitskogo Monastery, Grekovicha, yaky paying qiu Prace svoїm -zhittyam.

Renovations pravoslavnoї ієrarhії Kiєvі in 1620 roku Bulo serious blow to Unіyatskoї Church. Pravoslavnі mali s hour of svіy Oseredok scho ob'єdnav їh. Newer Borotba. In kozhnіy єparhії z'yavilosya two єpiskopi: unіatsky that Orthodox. The I close by were two Metropolitans Joseph IV Velyamіn Rutsky that Yaw Boretsky. Already in naradah before visvyatoyu novih Vlad GOSTR viyavilosya witch representations pravoslavnoї gentry that kozatstva katolitskih to Vlad that Velyamіna Rutskogo. In Persha Well zasіdannі Orthodox Synod novovisvyachenih Vlad Porush the right about Povernennya od unіyatskih Vlad church lane. Next Borotba dorucheno lead fraternities.

On Soymі 1621 rock vves polsky klіr s Primate Ґembіtskim that polska Vlad put "vische derzhavnі Interests th good svoєї powers od good Katolitskoї Church" i took pid defense of the Orthodox Church the fact scho for her were the Cossacks, Relief yakih Bula potrіbna pіslya porazki pid Tsetsoroyu. So Mr. Pichet Luzhnitsky. On Soymі Velyamіn Rutsky that Josaphat Kuntcevich scho yogo suprovodiv, arrogant obrazlivogo representations od polskih senatorіv, poslіv, єpiskopіv. Volins'ka Ambassador Drevinsky just vimagav od Uryadov zvіlniti edge od tsogo "neschastya" - unії. Primate Ґembіtsky vimagav, od Apostolskoї stolyci skasuvati unіyu i translate unіyatіv on latinsky rite.

However, taking unіyu pid Zahist dad Grigorіy XV, yaky 1623 p. Wieslaw spetsіyalnogo legate s instructions to spіlno s nuntsієm Lyantselottі boroniti unіyu that Metropolitan Joseph IV. In svoїh zvіtah to "propaganda" Velyamіn Rutsky skarzhivsya, scho, vnaslіdok znevazhlivogo representations to unії polskogo klіru, ukraїntsі vtrachayut dovіr'ya to Right; schoroku colo 100 shlyahtichіv rolling on latinsky rite i spolschuyutsya; Especially spolschuєtsya juveniles, scho navchaєtsya єzuїtskih in schools.

Roku 1624 Pope Urban VIII zaboroniv perehoditi s gretskogo ceremony on latinsky, Ale tse viklikalo protest zboku polskogo klіru, yaky nastoyuvav, dwellers Apostolska Stolitca translated unіyatіv on latinsky rite. Sered argumentіv boule takі: naslіdkom growth ukraїnsko-bіloruskogo population i zapanuvannya gretskogo rite church latinskі stoyatimut porozhnіmi; zaborona perehoditi on latinsky rite Zroby those scho Ukrainian zdenatsіonalіzuyut i peretyagnut a priest to church svoїh dіtey latinnikіv scho live in Ukraїnі that Bіlorusі. Ale naytsіkavіshim CCB argument, scho bіlshіst ukraіnsko-bіloruskogo population like s-latinnikіv villagers migrated to the SSMSC of Ukraine is the second Bіlorusі s ukraїnіzuvalisya here.

Fracture in іstorії Unіyatskoї Church deyakіy mіrі became muchenitska death of Archbishop Josaphat Polotskogo Kuntsevych. Vіn not MAV visokoї osvіti, ale CCB єntuzіyastom unії th bliskuchim propovіdnikom. Zavdyaki Yosafatovі pereyshli to unії znatnі rhodium - Prince Drutskogo-Sokolinskogo, Novgorodskogo voєvodi Skumina-Tishkovicha, Triznіv, Mєshkіv that іnshih. Yak Archbishop Josaphat bagato Zroby for pіdnesennya Church vіn vstanovlyuє Synod Polotsku, Vіtebsku, Mstislavі; get used zahodіv, dwellers turn the churches utrachenі zemlі; Yomou away poshiriti unіyu in svoїy єparhії. . Tіlki Mogilіv not allowed himself to Josaphat, bo there energіyno dіyalo Orthodox brotherhoods.

Roku 1620 to Polotska priїhav Meletіy Smotritsky, TER Archbishop Polotsky, bliskuchy propovіdnik that energіyny admіnіstrator, i Poch Borotba proti Archbishop Josaphat, dovodyachi in svoїh vіdozvah that sheets scho vіn not truthfully Archbishop scho vіn - latinnik. In oboronі novovisvyachenoї ієrarhії Smotritsky Pichet svoї Express Yourself "Verifіkatsіya", "Defense verifіkatsії", "Elenhus". Proti Josaphat pochinayutsya riots in Vіtebsku, Mogilevі, Orshі. Josaphat poїhav to Vіtebska, de Bulo naygostrіshe oburennya proti Demba unії that, i vіdіbrav OAO All the Orthodox Church. Todі pravoslavnі put zamіst church two snaring i, if іshov to Josaphat Cathedral, yogo notch. King punishing pokarati mіschan: zgіdno s CIM instructions to vikonano 93 viroki death in bagatoh mіschan skonfіskovano Main, Misto pozbavleno Magdeburzkogo law.

Tsya death celebrated vrazhennya on suchasnikіv, Square od їh vіroviznannya. Vaughn, the words G. Luzhnitskogo "dobula Poshanu for unії Sered todіshnogo polskogo gromadyanstva ... zmіnila in osnovі svoїy Poglyad Apostolskoї stolyci on unіyu i її viznavtsіv" ... "Muchenitska death of Archbishop Josaphat threw zovsіm Lots Other Svitlo on unіyu, Ukraїnsku Katolitsku Church spryamuvala on Inshyj Way, vorogov її zamovkli ". The same doslіdnik Pichet, scho nastupnik Archbishop Josaphat, Antіn Selyava not zustrіv support in Plotsk, ni have Vіtebsku. For the I dev'yat rokіv, in 1632 p., Came to the throne if Vladislav IV of, unіyati rahuvali vzhe Ponad 3 mіl. vіrnih. Duzhe great significance for rozvitku unії Mali Switch to unіyu kіlkoh vidatnih dіyachіv Pravoslavnoї Church, yak Bratskoї rector of the school, the author's honor panegіrika Hetman Sagaidachnogo Kasіyana Sakovich, Cyril Trankvіlіona Stavrovetskogo and smut - Archbishop Polotskogo Meletіya Smotritskogo.

Heavily Casati, chi CCB yakiys phone reception mіzh death Josaphat Kuntsevych i podorozhzhyu Meletіya Smotritskogo on Skhid in 1624 rotsі Yak M. Smotritsky poyasnyuvav himself vіn poїhav, dwellers on mіstsі perekonatisya in chistotі pravoslavnoї vіri patrіarhіv, ale i MAV INSHI zavdannya. Turning vіn already "napіvvunіyatom" MAZDA 1626 p. pereyshov to unії, spochatku potayki for Zgoda Papi, and 1629 p. vzhe ofіtsіyno. Tsei fact viklikav bagato rіznomanіtnih dumok, otsіnok, tsіla literature prisvyachena Yomou. Ale naykraschu otsіnku tsomu faktovі giving vidatny іstorik Church, professor Kiїvskoї Duhovnoї Academy F. Tіtov "Perehіd M. Smotritskogo in unіyu CCB not stіlki rough zradoyu pravoslavіya ... skіlki PRSPs kіntsem dushevnoї nuclei people scho Bajan good svoєmu narodovі i Shuka mozhlivo maintained upstream i Pevnyi high road to reconciliation dvoh Chastain yogo, SSMSC baked mіzh fought him. "