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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 1

e) Mogilyanska Doba

Petro Mohyla (1634-1647) CCB one іz iayvidatnіshih dіyachіv Ukraїnskoї Church. Vіn narodivsya 1596 rock in rodinі moldavskogo Ruler, Simeon Mogili, i LUVs posvoyacheny s next magnatskih rodіv Polschі: Pototskimi, Vishnevenkimi, Koretskimi that іnshimi. Mogili Mali velikі maєtnostі on Podіllі that Kiїvschinі,

Petro Mohyla zdobuv bliskuchu osvіtu behind a cordon i mіg bi dosyagti encampments voevodich yak i Bhagat tycoon. Ale s 26th roku vіn prisvyativ Tserkvі themselves, yak todі perebuvala in stanі not viznanoї Uryadov. 1627 Peter Rock Tomb paying Archimandrite Kiєvo-Pecherskoї Lavrov, that i s w vіn Brave hour of active participation in the church council. Vіn koristavsya great authority i CCB postanovny on cholі pravoslavnoї delegatsії, yak small domagatisya legalіzatsії Ukraїnskoї Pravoslavnoї Church on Konvokatsіynomu, Elektsіynomu Koronatsіynomu Soim i 1632 roku. There referring to the Metropolitan Petro Mohyla. Patrіyarh Tsargorodsky blessed Yogo, i have Lvovі vіdbulasya hіrotonіya, yak completed the єpiskopi - Єremіya Tissarovsky, Avraamіy Stragansky, Paїsіy Іpolitovich that Іsaak Boriskovich.

However, Peter visvyachennya Mogili on the Metropolitan did not give Yomou katedri and posіdav Іsaya Kopinsky, yaky MAV pіdtrimku Sered kozatstva. The "points zaspokoєnnya" not taken up uwagi chlenіv ієrarhії 1620 roku, SSMSC survived svіy vіk "on pokoї" in the Monastery (krіm Іsaї) - the boule - Іsaak Boriskevich that Paїsіy Іpolitovich. Metropolitan Іsaya sprotivivsya new mitropolitovі. .Todі Petro Mohyla live radically zahodіv: old Metropolitan vivezli s Mihaylіvskogo Monastery, de boule mitropolichі pokoї to Pechers'ka Monastery, i protrimali there, Pokey vіya not vіdmovivsya od mitropolichoї katedri. Todі brought Іsayu Kopinskogo znovu to Mihaylіvskogo Monastery, de vіn perebuvav to 1635 roku, pіslya chogo pereїhav on Polissya i zvіdti pіdtrimuvav contact s Monastery on Poltavschinі. Zalishivshis vorogov Petra Mogili, Kopinsky bagato Skoda Yomou that Tserkvі, poshiryuyuchi sensitive about yogo "nepravovіrnіst 's zv'yazki unіyatami, perehіd on unіyu t i. E.

So Pocha pravlіnnya Petra Mogili, yak sider 14 rokіv deprivation, ale, not zvazhayuchi for a short hour, ohopilo OAO All aspects of church that cultural Zhittya i gave the right to nazivati ​​Tsey perіod "Mogilyanskoyu doboyu".

Petro Mohyla, slit if CCB Archimandrite Kiєvo-Pechers'ka Monastery, Sklave, yaky LUVs on Soborі, negotiated in 1629 roku i progolosheny obov'yazkovy yak skin for a priest. Missal skladali th ranіshe, stink vіdomі s Old rukopisіv XIV-XV century. drukіv is the XVI century., ale, porіvnyuyuchi s them Missal Peter Mogili naydokladnіshi "Lіturgіyarіon" (Missal) d. In nomu filed Lіturgії text that іnshih divine services, purifications od rіznih pomilok, SSMSC often zmіnyuvali pervіsnі text, i made bagato zvichaїv, vlastivih tіlki Ukraїnskіy Tserkvі.

Other epohalny tvіr tsієї Dobie - tse "Orthodox Іspovіdannya vіri" - Catechism, head author yakogo CCB іgumen Kiєvo-Pechers'ka Monastery Іsaya Trohimovich-Kozlovsky. For Qiu Prace 1640 Cathedral rock pile up yogo stage bogoslovіv doctor. Tsey catechism in ukladannі yakogo Velika fate Brave Petro Mohyla i yaky yogo pid vіdomy іmenem, podaє іspovіdannya Pravoslavnoї Church, purified od foreign vplivіv - Katolitskoї yak, so i Protestantskoї Churches. Rozglyanuty Tsargorodskim patrіyarhom, Council 1641 in arid, rock, perediskutovany that vipravleny slit times vіn CCB zatverdzheny 1643 rock vsіma chotirma Orthodox patrіyarhami.

Vidanov catechism Bulo great trіyumfom, more pillows sprostuvalo about zanepad visokoї science Pravoslavnіy Tserkvі. Prote not zvazhayuchi on zagalny uspіh Catechism text yogo nadrukovano in Kiєvі tіlki in 1662 rotsі. Roku 1645 nadrukovano in Kiєvі skorocheny Catechism, scho LUVs perekladeny rіznimi movami. 1667 Catechism of the rock in nadrukovano Gollandії. Vіn shirivsya Sered katolitskih that protestantskih narodіv, and Ukraїnі zalishavsya єdinim pіdruchnikom Orthodox іspovіdannya vіri to XIX stolіttya.

Tretіm vidatnim with a solution Petra Mogili CCB Vidanov 1646 roku

Missal, scho podaє description of divine services, zv'yazanih s require private nature. Missal, the value yakogo not zmenshilosya th ninі, ohoplyuє takozh require spetsіyalno ukrajins'koho pohodzhennya. In nomu bagato duzhe (Vazhlivih rice, scho vіdrіznyayut ukraїnske of worship od Maskovskiy. Zgaduєtsya there molebnі, vodosvyattya, SSMSC vikonuvano s drive rіsshih podіy in zhittі Helsinki Human, yak sanctify novoї hati, thinness, krynytsi, molebnі s drive nevrozhayu, hvorobi, podorozhі, cob navchannya t i. e.

Missal Peter Mogili bazuvavsya on velicheznіy masі of Ukrainian zvichaїv. Viyavilosya scho Bulo many zvichaїv, spіlnih Pravoslavnіy i Katolitskіy churches. Tsі zvichaї s bіgom hour at Shіdnіy Tserkvі Zabul, ale stink zbereglisya in Ukraїnskіy. Tse mіzh іnshim, viklikalo obvinuvachennya Petra Mogili in fact scho vіn make nіbito katolitskі rites to Pravoslavnoї Church.

In zv'yazku s pereglyadom davnіh obryadіv, zvichaїv i divine services ,. Petro Mohyla newer starovinny "Chin Pasіy" - passions Gospodnіh - urochistі divine services in Pershi Vier tizhnі Lent, on yakih vistupali vidatnі propovіdniki.

Bagato Zroby Petro Mohyla to pіdnesennya fraternity Especially kiїvskogo Bogoyavlenskogo brotherhood. Bratsku school Grave zreformuvav on zrazok zahіdnoevropeyskih kolegіy, i s that hour nazivalasya Won Mogilyanskoyu kolegієyu .. When mitropolichіy katedrі zіbrav Petro Mohyla gurtok vidatnih scientists, scho giving pіdstavi іmenuvati Kiev chasіv Mogili "Mogilyanskimi Athenaeum". Zavdyaki dopomozі tsogo gurtka Petro Mohyla mіg translate Bratskoї reform school I zrobiti bagato vazhlivogo for pіdnesennya culture is the science of Ukraine.

Petro Mohyla dіstavav pributki s manastirіv - Mihaylіvskogo, Pustinno-Mikolaїvskogo, laurel, i tse gave Yomou mozhlivіst ponoviti that perebudovati churches - St. Sofії, the Savior on the one Berestovі INSHI. When tsomu, Volodymyr shukayuchi coffin, grave provіv rozkolini ruїn Desyatinnoї Church.

For Petra Mogili vporyadkovano Kiєvo-Pechers'ka Monastery, restavrovano i brought up Pechera order. Manastir zrostav for Mogili in nomu Bulo 800 chentsіv.

Velikі boule merits Petra Mogili in spravі organіzatsії church Zhittya, rozburhanogo for chasіv, if not Bulo єpiskopіv and takozh, if ієrarhіya 1620 rock has been viewed by sutі nomіnalnoyu. Vіn nastanoviv vіzitatorіv that namіsnikіv Metropolitan postіynih i timchasovih, SSMSC, mіzh іnshimi obov'yazkami, Provadia court to єparhіalnogo upravlіnnya zalishilisya klіrosi scho skladalisya s vischih chlenіv klіru. Petro Mohyla was slain nova Set for ships rozprav mіzh members klіru - Metropolitan Konsistorіyu. Parafіyanam "pid oath" zaboroneno Bulo zvertatisya to іnshih sudіv zi Skarga on svyaschenikіv.

Petro Mohyla pragnuv vstanoviti in Tserkvі strong, autocratic Vlad - so harakterizuvav yogo Vlad M. Grushevskogo. Yak Ekzarh Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha, vіn vvazhav nepotrіbnim vtruchannya patrіyarha in vnutrіshnі Spravi Ukraїnsko-Bіloruskoї Church. Tomb vіv Borotba for stavropіgіyami manastirіv fraternities that i staravsya trimati in svoїy yurisdiktsії i Vlad, i stavropіgіynі install. Vіn hotіv mother censorship over usіma Vidanov, bezposerednyu Vlad on fraternities, control gospodaryuvannyam Vlad manastirіv that have maєtkah. Vіn not posluhav navіt behest Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha Pahomіya, yaky zaboroniv Yomou vtruchatisya to the right fraternities.

Petro Mohyla MAV in plyanі uklasti Velika Mіneyu, Ale tsogo not zdіysniv. "Paterik Pechers'ka" look kіlka razіv. Prodovzhennyam yogo bula "Teraturґіma" written Afanasіem Kalnofoyskim at chomu to neї vikoristano vlasnі notes Peter Mogili. Metoyu її Show Bulo, scho th of pіznіshih chasіv, pіslya "Paterik" Sered chentsіv Kiєvo-Pechers'ka Monastery boule svyatі scho worked wonders.

Vidanov Pechers'ka Paterik that Teraturґіmi zv'yazanі s plan Petra Mogili kanozіvati vsіh Pechers'ka ugodnikіv. Kanonіzatsіya of Ukrainian Saints zavzhdi zustrіchala opozitsіyu zboku vіzantіyskih patrіarhіv, i navіt Princess Olga that Volodymyr away kanonіzuvati deprivation in HІP table. However, boule viynyatki, napriklad, Mstislav I, sina Volodymyr Monomakh, kanonіzovano duzhe soon pіslya yogo death. In the same hour in Maskovskiy knyazіvstvі duzhe often hanozіzuvali pravednikіv and Sered them i polіtichnih dіyachіv. Je Golubinsky zvertav uwagi on "razyachu" schodo tsogo rіznitsyu mіzh Kiїvskoyu Rousseau i Maskovskiy. Golovna reason tsієї rіznitsі polyagala in fact scho in Moskovskіy derzhavі samі knyazі dbali about kanonіzatsіyu mіstsevih Holy scho pіdnosilo її glory i moral authority.

Petro Mohyla Purshia Zroby come in for kanonіzatsії vsіh Pechers'ka ugodnikіv, moschі yakih spochivali in Pechery: from Blizhnіh - 73 i in Dalnіh - 45. Maskovskiy Tserkva tіlki 120 rokіv - in 1762 r. - Made up їh іmena svyattsіv. In zv'yazku s tsimi taps Petra Mogili nadrukovano in 1643 p. "Rule hadst to Rev. Ottsyam our Pechers'ka and all the saints, in the Little Russian beaming."

Bulo bagato іnshih plyanіv Vidanov Peter Mogili, ale death perekreslila tsі plyani; those scho Bulo zrobleno Petro Mohyla that yogo gurtkom few great significance. Catechism, no Missal vtratili Svoge values ​​protyagom troh stolіt.

Prote, temperamental i viznachna osobistіst Petra Mogili viklikala bagato nezadovolennya. HEAD opponents boule Mogili prihilniki nav'yazannya tіsnih zv'yazkіv s Maskovskiy patrіyarhієyu on cholі їh standing Іsayya Kopistinsky scho yogo visunuli at the Metropolitan Cossacks, i yaky LUVs primusheny vіdstupiti katedru Petrovі Mogilі. Іsayya i ranіsh CCB prihilnikom transition pid yurisdiktsіyu Moskovskoї patrіyarhії and vtrativshi Metropolitan katedru becoming vіdkritim vorogov Mogili. Bіn obvinuvachuvav yogo in skhilnostі to Catholicism, she vіdsutnostі pure pravoslav'ya. Drive for tsogo obvinuvachennya Bulo s one side those scho for svoїh Vidanov (smut Euchologion) Petro Mohyla koristavsya timey train Dzherelo, yakimi koristalisya Catholics and s another side - druzhnі personalnі zv'yazki s unіyatskimi dіyachami. Tsі vorozhі tendentsії priynyali th deyakі іstoriki Church, i deprivation ostannіmi rokami brought bezdogannіst pravoslav'ya Petra Mogili.

Vzagalі, Persha half of the XVII century. Bula grave doboyu for Ukraїnskoї Church oboh viznan. Orthodox Church has been viewed vlastivo without wire bo ієrarhіya 1620 rock zalishilasya nomіnalnoyu not viznanoyu polskim Uryadov. Unіyatska Church is not dіstala of scho Uryadov i їy obіtsyav Roman clergy Katolitske th polskі Pani to becoming neї witch, i for vluchnim virazom M. Grushevskogo, kompromіs 1632 roku, legalіzuvavshi Orthodox Church, Zroby Unіyatsku "nepotrіbnim buffer mіzh Katolitskoyu that the Orthodox Church" ; Won tіlki uskladnyuvala їh vіdnosini - wrote M. Grushevskogo.

Pravoslavnі, GOSTR vistupayuchi proti unії, pіdkreslyuvali his Poshanu to Katolitskoї Church, yak staroї, spertoї on traditsіyah. W katolitskoї side of the witch on divilisya domagannya Unіyatskoї Church stvoriti for neї. encampment, rіvnopravne Latinskoyu s Church. Napriklad on Holmschinі de Vlad Terletsky borovsya s Orthodox, unіyati skarzhilisya on witch th znevazhlive traktuvannya їh zboku katolitskogo clergy.

Synod 1643 that 1644 rokіv vinesli number uhval, witch Unіyatskіy Tserkvі. So, latinske clergy uhvalilo in 1643 rotsі scho unіyatske clergy guilty mother of the rights that the prerogatives SSMSC little latinske. Roku 1644 vono pіshlo slit Dali: zaboronilo latinskіy katolitskіy molodі vchitisya unіyatіv in schools, Latin katolitsko th clergy - sluzhiti in unіatskih churches and unіyatam - in Latin katolitskih i t n Latinske clergy hotіlo vіddіliti Unіyatsku od the Latin Church.. Katolitskoї.

Dratuvali polsky Uryadov zvernennya unіatіv to Papi that vimogi dads dopomagati їm. W glancing polskogo Uryadov, unіya, zamіst spriyati vіdrivu Pravoslavnoї Church od Moscow that Tsargorodskoї patrіyarhії scho stood on Hotel turetskomu uryadovі, shtovhala Orthodox shukati Zahist in tіy samіy Moskvі i in addition to Tsargorodskomu patrіyarhatі.