Історія України - Полонська Василенко Наталія: Том 1

CULTURE TA VOSVITA

A) School

Kinets XVI ta first half of the XVII century. In Ukraine, to characterize shiril shkil , scho ich the head ranks of the brotherhood. Після Берестейської унії schools are behind the lens of Lvivska Bratskoi - in Stryatin, Lutsk, Kam'yantsi, Pinsku ta інikh містах. Great respect zvertali in cich schools for vyvchennya gatzkoi movi, so they called it "greek." Getman Sagaydachnyy - at his own zapovіtі z 1622 roku zaloshiv spetsіyalnі kosti on utriannya vchitilіv greekko movi u lvivskyi kiivsky schools. Writing was not diluted in the middle of the world; Ale and village. Pavlo Aleksky, a kind of buvo in Ukraine 1654, zvernuv respect for the width of the written language navyat sered zhinok.

1615 roku Gal'shka Gulevichivna, druzhina Mozyr's marshal Lozki, "palayuchi pozozhnoi revnistyu up vrii gattskoi", gave the Kievsky Brotherhood a sadi on Podolі pіd manastir ta "school for children, so shlyachtskim, yak і містським". School bula set to good: in the bulo chotori viddіli, in yaikih vivchali grammatiku, rhetoric, fіlofіyu, moovi - gatzku, latinska, word'yanska, polsku ta Ukrainka (ruska). All navchannya bessya in dusі religіnomu, orthodox. The rectors of the school were Buli: Yov Boretsky (1615-1618), Meletiy Smotrytsky (before 1620), Kasyan Sakovich (1620-1624 rubles).

Rock 1631 Petro Mogila having fallen asleep at the Kyiv-Pechersky Lavra school after the type of Zakhidnyo-European shkіl. Before Tim vin vyryadiv u tіi tsilі kilkok young people for the cordon, shob vony pidgotovilisya before vikladannya in schools. З Львівської schools asking for a few students: о. I say to Kozlovsky about. Sylvester of Kosovo. Vikladannya in schools, scho small to a hundred uchvіv, bred polskoyu that Latin mowami. Від цієї the school filled with memory: panelist Petrovi Могилі під назвою «Євхвристіон албо вдячність», підписаний 23 учнями.

Dormant school in Lavrie viklikalo nevdovolennya sered members of the brotherhood of those kozakiv, yaki bachili in ts'omu rivalry from Bratskoyu school. Opposition ocholiv itself is Metropolitan Isaiah Kopinsky. Tsey Conflikt zakincivsya zlittyam dvukh shkil in one. Vkladovoyu moloi zalshilasya slov'yanska, hoch kakti kursi vikladali latinskoju мовою, - so reading psychology Инокентій Гизель.

The reform of the Bratsk schools , the hindsight of the zahidnoevropeyskogo character, was the result of a protest by Poles-Catholics, as well as the year 1634 they were trying to get married to the Orthodox mother "latin school". Tse viklikalo 1635 roku vіdpііd Sylvestra Kosova під назвою "Екзегезис", in якій він bringing, пo українці can not do without Latin, мови, яка панувала тоді в усіх польських установок, судах, соймах.

1635, Vladi Slav IV, after giving Orthodox admission, which was allowed to wiggle in Polish schools, or was not allowed to do theological disciplinations. So Petrovi Mogili did not go into zybiti Kiivska kolgiyu a high school in the course of nawchannia. Tse obmezhennya boulo is interred with a method, and Ukrainians entered the Polish Catholic Academies.

Kiev-Mogilyanskaya Kollegia is a small great splash on the culture of Ukraine. "Schools Mogili," W. Wozniak wrote, "far widened the circle of brotherly shkil. Mayuchi professors of people із західноєвропейською освітою, stinks rozvali thе mediums of Ukrainian gromadyаnstva thіn writing seryoznyy naukovy strains, zanyаmlyuvali z заіідньоевропейською науко и й наукових дослідів »; The knowledge of the latin commotion went up to the European science.

"Mogilyanska Kollegia," wrote M. Chubaty, "became true to the first Ukrainian university, having vichovated hundreds of Ukrainian specializations and information for the sake of zainichki zahidnyi kul'turi."

Kyiv-Mohyla Consulate of the Bula is not a school, but a butt and a sign of the Orthodox Christian life. For the statute, which is the yogo of the burial of Petro Mogila ("Anthologia"), in the Kolya boulevard of "congregation", abo "infant brotherhoods", the elder - under the cover of the Virgin and Men's - Volodymyr. In them uchni privshalisya to samodiyalnosti, offended their government, entering before the consecration, gave the oath of shanuvati sviy manastir.

Takі organіzatsії існували з початку XVII ст, in різкие Школах України: 1606 року "юнацьке братство" the schools in Zamostі dostalo blessed Gedeon Balaban; 1620 in the Kyiv Bratsk school of the student brotherhood; 1625 rock in Motelevi has established a brotherhood; 1655 rock near Vіlnі існувала "student's congregation of St. Constantine and the Deer. "

Учні Київської колегії cleanly took part in all holies; For Peter Mogili in kolgiyi vlasthtovuvali shkilny dramatic vistavi on those rlegnyny that the moral character.

Behind the butt of the Kievskoe collegia, Petro Mogila in 1634 rotsi zasnui vav fіlіju kolgії at Vinnitsi, and the rock 1639 penіs її in Goschu, de vona існувала until 1672 року.

On Західній Україні виникли в першій половині ХVII ст. Schools in Rogatin, Gorodoku, Peremishlі, Komarny, Lublini, Berestі, Білій, Камінці, Замості, Галичі, Луцьку, Крем'янці, Холмі, Nemirov, Peresopnitsі, Стрятині, Dubnі, Yaroslavі, Mezhibozhy, Пинську та інших містах.

Brotherly schools, and the head ranks of the Kiev-Mogilyanska Kollegiya, have served up to the shirennya osvity in the people. Uchnі shkіl ta "spoudeї" - sluzhachi kolgії abo "bursaky", scho lived in gurtozhitku - "bursi" - on vacations spread around the villages of Ukraine and there they waxed, gave vistavi, showed "the den", and singed carols.

Ukrainian Metropolitans Dbali about the filed of Shkil. Metropolitan Ipatiy Poti , scho himself Buv visokososvchenocheyu people's and rozumіv znachennia osvіti for the people, having fallen asleep katolitsku kolegyіu at Vіlnі ta Catholic school in Beresti. Metropolitan Joseph IV - Veljamin Rutsky 1624 rocked to sleep with the Russian peasant "Seminar" - "great institution ugbove", - yak characterize її about. A. The Great. The ideology originated with the metropolitan in 1605, if vyn obmirkovuvav reform of Vasiliyanskogo Chinu; Василіяни повинні були забезпечити Семінарію by professors, rectors, adminsistratsii. Tsya Seminarіya, the dignity of the metropolitan, the muzyla buti єdinoyu for the entire metropolis, "spilnoyu, for rusiniv that moskalіv, ali chiselnoyu, zvіdki vіde bаlato robіtіnіv, z pіchchyu yakih tsіlkovito, znikne rozєdnannya not tilki in usіy Rusі, але й у Московщині та Th y bugatogh інших народів that of the rі th rіm mіvі, schо th rusini, yak Voloshchyna, Moldavia, Rashіya, Bolgariya iі etc. ". Spinne navschannya in Seminarіya zrodit ukrystvennosti pobottya єdnosti, - thinking the metropolitan.

Загальні смови життятя Churches znіnіnі zmіnіnіsіsya for 20 rokіv: walk king Vladislav to Moscow, закріплені згодою in 1618 році, gave the name of the Catholic Church Chmo zhmorzha місійну діяльність на новоздобуті землі. Z Boku, 20 rockiv diyalnosti Velemin Rutsky gave a bagato of positive for the purpose of Ukraine and Belarus: Vidensku Seminar was transformed into a high school of theology by the school of theology; Novytsіyatіv transferred to Biten (1616 р.); Abbots of manastiri, de bouli schools, the metropolitan recognizing the people of people with a high degree of authority, the head rank is quiet, they have closed the studios in secret universities. We arrange pidrutniki, books, pisany narodnoyu movoyu, schob zrobiti navchannya available for a wide group of people close to the end of the rosuminya ritual, the Divine Services. At the Chinu warehouse St.. The Vassiliy of the Great included vzhe 20 manastiriv і majzhe stilki shkіl. Metropolitan Joseph IV having written, "Videnska Zgromadzhenna St.. Vasilіya pochinaє mati teologіv, znavtsіv gatskoї i latinskoїmov, scho for nashoї і our fathers pam'yat bilo unprecedented. "

For one z peremudov rozvitku Seminarії Rutsky, vvazhal zaboronu go to the Latin rite. On pіdtverdzhenzhenya tsiogo nazvod vin such a butt: At the Latin schools of Mayzhe 200 shlyachetskih ruskih cotton went beyond chotiri rock to the Latin rite, stilki v u vijsku. "Todi I feed: після 10 років - що зашиться від руської шляхти? Tim is something Greek, but nebarom i mi zmozhetno say: there are a lot of people in us who could use Rusyns to lead Christianity to the right. " Year and check for the king. Rjatuvati may decree about the fence to pass to the Latin rite of the Pope in the form of a bouillon. ALE takoi bully not seen.

Витрані власні кошти на колегії у Vіlnі ta Novgorodorku, Rutsky zvertavsya on dopomogu up to Apostol'skoy Stolitsi, prosin pokazu turn maetnostі, scho їh they took єzouti, alle dopomogi not deštas lishe ududu "shukati інших засобів". The Kobrin Synod unanimously praised the transfer of self-education to all the ies and the monasteries to the Homeland Commemorations (Seminars), "to the Asiatic and Particles of Rus' (Tobto Bilorusi, The Ukraine of Moscow), the people of the shlyachtskaya camp of the Greek rite have decided to use their own cotton for the Navruzhnya Dobrich of Sciences and Svorye Ridnyi Viry , But in it new ones stinked. " With the help of the customs, Mali b kharchuvatisya vlasnim koshtom, and bіdnіші - koshtom schools.

Prote is grounded Seminarіі tіlki naprikінці 1632 року, бо, як писав єпископ Корсак, land, scho на ній було збдуна Семінарію, transferred to the orthodox, які вигнали її. "It was brought to the rescue of the Seminar, ala rock 1640 pozhezha її znistchila. Bishop Korsak, explaining to the Pope Urban Vsh, asking for help in the preparation of the Seminar. Gromadyanie donated generous donations, and in 1646 році закінчено відбудову Seminars i nіy vіdkrito кляси, починаючи з нижних. Metropolitan Semyonarіya, hoch and not vikonala zavdanya, zalishilas yak vislovlyuyutsya A. Veliky - grandiose conceived інституцією, що in the stealing obstanovany bula б became for українців-каталиків тим, чим became Могилянська колегія для українців-православных ».