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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Palivno-energetichna sirovinna i problemi

In rozvitku svіtovogo Gospodarstwa vazhlivu role vіdіgraє complex problems z pov'yazanih vikoristannyam energetichnih i sirovinnih resursіv. Yak zasvіdchili ekonomіchnі potryasіnnya mid-70s rokіv, tsі problemi toil not tіlki ekologіchny (zabrudnennya dovkіllya that іn.), And the second ekonomіchny character seryozno vplivayuchi the entire processes ekonomіchnogo rozvitku, i nasampered the camp virobnichoї, currency fіnansovoї, zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі znachnoї kіlkostі svitu powers.

Bіlshіst energetichnih i sirovinnih resursіv nalezhat to nevіdnovlyuvanih, in tsomu i polyagaє їh Especially tsіnnіst i Permanent defіtsitnіst. Krіm of palivno-sirovinnі, yak i INSHI ekonomіchnі resources Je obmezhenimi scho viklikaє problem, yak for vsіma Find our nalezhit to the category of the Global. Tse viyavlyaєtsya in fact scho ENERGO-sirovinna problem bezposeredno zachіpaє Interests vsіh people narodіv, kraїn i regіonіv svitu. Same Won digit mіroyu viznachatime їh away rozvitok Dobrobut i population. Krіm of INCREASING obsyag svіtovogo gospodarskogo processes dedalі gostrіshe put power about nayavnіst vіdkrittya i have svіtі novih rodovisch korisnih Kopalin, Poshuk vikoristannya i novih Jerel energії.

Dinamіku spozhivannya sirovini that energoresursіv viznachayut zdebіlshogo two chinniki: rіven virobnitstva, zagalne zrostannya yakogo lead to an absolute demand from zbіlshennya sirovinі th energії; NAUKOVO-tehnіchny progressive, vpliv yakogo viyavlyaєtsya in vіdnosnomu znizhennі rіvnya i zmіnі structuring vitrat on odinitsyu kіntsevoї produktsії.

The US i Zahіdnіy Єvropі s rozvitkom natsіonalnoї Economy (in napryamі zmenshennya pitomoї crowbars obrobnoї promislovostі i zbіlshennya chastki poslug that іnformatiki) znizhuєtsya energospozhivannya vіdnosno GDP. Analogіchnі processes vіdbuvayutsya i in Yaponії. In bіlshostі Well azіatskih kraїn (zokrema Respublіtsі in Korea, DPRK) sposterіgaєtsya directly protilezhna tendentsіya. Vіdbuvaєtsya burhlive zrostannya vazhkoї promislovostі and efektivnіst energospozhivannya znizhuєtsya (Especially in Kitaї), scho generally produces up pіdvischennya popitu naphtha i zrostannya tsіn on neї. Otzhe, sirovinna that energetichna problemi viklikanі yak obmezhenoyu kіlkіstyu rozvіdanih zapasіv korisnih Kopalin so i neratsіonalnim їh vikoristannyam. Іstotne values ​​i Got nerіvnomіrny rozpodіl Tsikh resursіv mіzh rіznimi regіonami i kraїnami.

Polіpshennya zagalnogo encampments s energetichnimi i sirovinnimi resources mozhlive deprivation in razі dokorіnnoї zmіni pіdhodіv to їh vidobuvannya, ekspluatatsії i spozhivannya. The problem is the defіtsitu sirovinnih energetichnih resursіv, її rozv'yazannya deposits od vіdnosin "Person - navkolishnє seredovische" she modelі tehnologіchnogo rozvitku. Mova about yde neobhіdnіst transition to ratsіonalnogo vikoristannya natural resursіv in virobnichomu protsesі, vprovadzhennya malovіdhodnih i bezvіdhodnih tehnologіy, vikoristannya vtorinnih materіalіv. Potrіbno stvoryuvati materіalno-tehnіchnі zamіnniki okremih obmezhenih resursіv i vikoristovuvati utilіzovanі vіdhodi, netraditsіynі dzherela energії.

Rozv'yazannya sirovinnoї that energetichnoї problemi peredbachaє geografіchnu restrukturizatsіyu svіtovoї promislovostі, optimalnіshe її rozmіschennya yak s point Zora skorochennya bearing-down in razі vіdsutnostі Vlasnyi resursіv because i s point Zora znizhennya vitrat on їh transportuvannya. Vazhlive value at tsomu Got stvorennya ekonomnіshih novih i ratsіonalnіshih zasobіv transportuvannya energії that sirovini.

Otzhe, rozv'yazannyu palivno-sirovinnoї problemi spriyatime vzhittya such zahodіv:

• vprovadzhennya novih tehnologіy virobnitstva - energo- i resursozberіgayuchih;

• vikoristannya netraditsіynih Jerel sirovini th energії;

• ratsіonalne rozmіschennya virobnitstva that yogo structural perebudova;

• vsebіchne vikoristannya kraїnami dosyagnen science i wider poshirennya іnnovatsіy.