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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Prodovolcha problem Roads Ahead її rozv'yazannya

Practical problem of food for the Helsinki Human іsnuvala zavzhdi, tse one naydavnіshih s global problems. Hunger yak kraynіy її viyav i velichezne sotsіalne famously znekrovlyuvav people have davninu, serednі vіki i navіt in Zaporizhya chasi.

Prodovolcha problem nalezhit to the category of global, oskіlki for її rozv'yazannya nedostatno zusil okremih powers and potrіbne nalagodzhene spіvrobіtnitstvo vsіh kraїn Square od їh suspіlnogo fret. W her bezposeredno pov'yazanі INSHI globalnі problemi suchasnostі - demografіchna, ekologіchna, energetichna that іn.

Actual prodovolcha problem Yea i for kraїn s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu, in addition chislі Ukraine, de zagalny decline virobnitstva i fіnansova nestabіlnіst zooms posilennya krizovoe yavisch in agricultural sektorі scho suprovodzhuvalosya rіzkim recession sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva. Schopravda, z 2000 r. decline virobnitstva sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in Ukraїnі zupineno, rozpochato yogo zrostannya, Pete Wagga vіtchiznyanih prodovolchih tovarіv on vnutrіshnomu Rinku dosyagla 93.4%.

Prodovolchy potentsіal Zemlі in printsipі dostatnіy for zadovolennya potreb її zhitelіv. Domіnuyuche encampment at svіtovіy prodovolchіy sistemі zaymayut rozvinenі Kraina, SSMSC viroblyayut i spozhivayut Dvi tretini svіtovogo food (at vartіsnomu virazhennі) Hoca them prozhivaє 15% of the population Zemlі. Kraina, scho rozvivayutsya de prozhivaє mayzhe 4/5 population svitu, viroblyayut priblizno tretinu vsogo food and spozhivayut Troch bіlshe nіzh tretinu yogo zagalnosvіtovogo spozhivannya.

Nedostatnya zabezpechenіst products harchuvannya negatively vplivaє on pokazniki serednoї trivalostі Zhittya people їh Health Protection, fіzichnu pratsezdatnіst, opіrnіst hvorobam, adaptatsіyu to Suchasnyj visokotehnologіchnih virobnichih protsesіv. Vid hunger in kraїnah scho rozvivayutsya, schoroku vmiraє kіlka mіlyonіv cholovіk 3/4 s yakih - dіti. Zdebіlshogo victims of hunger i nedoїdannya in kraїnah scho rozvivayutsya, will melt Silski zhitelі. For otsіnkami Prodovolchoї i sіlskogospodarskoї organіzatsії the United Nations (FAO), 60% in dіtey Pіvdennіy Azії, 39% - in Tropіchnіy Afritsі vіdstayut in fіzichnomu rozvitku. Yakscho in the I svіtі chiselnіst people SSMSC poterpayut od i nedoїdannya hunger, zagalom skorochuєtsya, then Tropіchnіy Afritsі Won zrostaє shvidshimi pace nіzh Quantity population.

Otsіnyuyuchi nespriyatlivu prodovolchu situatsіyu in Tsikh kraїnah, neobhіdno vrahovuvati nezavershenіst agrarian reform bіdnіst wide verstv selyanstva, vіdstalіst zemlerobstva systems neratsіonalne vikoristannya land i aquatic resursіv, chastі stihіynі dashing, SSMSC znischuyut result pratsі mіlyonіv people.

Vid cob viniknennya globalnoї prodovolchoї problemi Tochal diskusії about Roads Ahead її rozv'yazannya. Nezvazhayuchi on pevnі rozbіzhnostі, mova yde about two osnovnі Roads Ahead - ekstensivny that іntensivny.

Ekstensivny Way polyagaє nasampered away from rozshirennі pasovisk, ornih, ribopromislovih that іnshih ugіd. However, productivity pridatnih obrobіtku to land at svіtі zalishilosya not practical. Prote fahіvtsі prodovzhuyut Poshuk rezervіv sіlskogospodarskih i peredusіm ornih land. Naybіlshі zemelnі ploschі, potentsіyno pridatnі for obrobіtku, Je in Latinskіy Ameritsі that Afritsі. In Latinskіy Ameritsі ninі vikoristovuyut Ponad chvert (for іnshimi otsіnkami, 15%) pridatnih land. In Afritsі in the middle of the 90 rokіv passed stolіttya obroblyali nіzh less then 20% of these lands. Ale rozshirennya їh vikoristannya not tіlki potrebuvatime duzhe great kapіtalovkladen and second prizvede to degradatsії ґruntіv.

Іntensivny Way rozv'yazannya globalnoї prodovolchoї problemi peredbachaє mehanіzatsіyu, hіmіzatsіyu, іrigatsіyu, pіdvischennya energoozbroєnostі sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, vikoristannya visokovrozhaynih sortіv sіlskogospodarskih cultures nayproduktivnіshih porіd svіyskih tvarin, tobto vzhittya zahodіv, SSMSC give zmogu zbіlshiti vіddachu zemlerobstva th tvarinnitstva navіt in razі zmenshennya sіlskogospodarskih Area. Velikі PERSPECTIVE іntensifіkatsії sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva pov'yazuyut іz tehnologіchnoyu revolyutsієyu, yak ninі perezhivaє sіlske Gospodarstwa іndustrіalno rozvinenih kraїn comes, i peredusіm US. Tsya revolyutsіya viyavlyaєtsya in vikoristannі dosyagnen gennoї іnzhenerії, bіotehnologії that іnformatsіynoї tehnologії bezposeredno in fermerskomu zemlerobstvі th tvarinnitstvі for polіpshennya of Quality produktsії, znizhennya virobnichih vitrat toscho.