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Mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right - Dahno II

11.2 Organіzatsіyno legal mehanіzm mіzhnarodnoї valyutnoї Sistemi

Svіtova monetary system - tse form organіzatsії mіzhnarodnih Monetary vіdnosin scho zumovlenі rozvitkom svіtovogo Gospodarstwa that Yurydychna zafіksovanі in mіzhnarodnih land. Naygolovnіshimi Some of the elements tsієї Sistemi Je natsіonalnі that kolektivnі valyutnі odinitsі, warehouse i structure mіzhnarodnih lіkvіdnih aktivіv (valyutnі Costa that Zoloti reserves), mehanіzm Monetary paritetіv i kursіv, minds vzaєmnoї konvertovanostі currencies obsyagi Monetary obmezhen, forms mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv, mode mіzhnarodnih Monetary rinkіv i svіtovih rinkіv gold status mіzhderzhavnih monetary organіzatsіy scho regulyuyut valyutnі vіdnosini.

Rozvitok svіtovoї valyutnoї Sistemi pіslya Druha svіtovoї vіyni pov'yazany іz Bretton Vudskoyu lands 1944 p. Won bula vazhlivim Jerel mіzhnarodnogo exchange law. Narіzhnim її STONE CCB gold standard - svіtova monetary system, for yakoї phone reception Currency okremo take kraїn іz gold zdіysnyuєtsya oposeredkovano - obmіn through the currency, yak prodovzhuє zberіgati status takoї scho converted into gold.

W look around to trivalu i provіdnu role of the US Dolar system of the gold standard has been viewed factuality system zolotodolarovogo standard.

Pocha formuvatis gold standard in 30-x Rokach i zakіnchivsya in 50-60th Rokach. Qiu Yurydychna Bulo system formalized in 1944 p. at Bretton Vudskіy konferentsії [21, 205]. Vіdpovіdno to її rіshen Bulo target IMF IBRD i (div. Topic 5).

In Art. 1 lands about stvorennya Mіzhnarodnogo Monetary Fund zafіksovano Taku Meta yogo dіyalnostі:

• spriyannya mіzhnarodnomu currency spіvrobіtnitstvu through postіynі mortgage scho stanovlyat mehanіzm for konsultatsіy i spіvrobіtnitstva mіzhnarodnih s monetary problems;

• polegshennya rіvnomіrnogo rozshirennya mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі th tim himself spriyannya rozshirennyu that pіdtrimtsі temple rіvnya zaynyatostі th real dohodіv population that rozvitku productive forces vsіh kraїn-chlenіv mostly yak tsіley ekonomіchnoї polіtiki;

• spriyannya stabіlnostі currencies pіdtrimka vporyadkovanih Monetary vіdnosin mіzh kraїnami member i zapobіgannya znetsіnennyu s currency metoyu konkurentsії;

• Relief from stvorennі bagatostoronnoї Sistemi rozrahunkіv for precisely operatsіyami mіzh kraїnami member i in usunennі Monetary obmezhen scho pereshkodzhayut rozshirennyu svіtovoї torgіvlі;

• stvorennya in kraїnah member Shlyakhov timchasovogo nadannya їm zagalnih koshtіv for nalezhnі garantії vpevnenostі, scho in Taqiy sposіb їm bude nada mozhlivіst vipraviti torn down rіvnovagi platіzhnih balansіv without neobhіdnostі vdavatisya to zahodіv scho zavdayut Skoda natsіonalnomu i mіzhnarodnomu protsvіtannyu;

• skorochennya vіdpovіdno to vikladenogo trivalostі th stage znizhennya torn down rіvnovagi mіzhnarodnih platіzhnih balansіv kraїn-chlenіv.

Fund have svoїy polіtitsі that rіshennyah keruєtsya tsіlyami, vikladenimi in tsіy stattі.

Naprikіntsі 60 rokіv gold and foreign exchange system has ceased to require vіdpovіdati dosyagnutogo rіvnya іnternatsіonalіzatsії gospodarskogo Zhittya planet. At 70 Rokach pіslya ukladennya Yamayskoї lands zolotodolarova system pripinila іsnuvati.

Yamayska ground - tse domovlenіst about osnovnі fun- formuvannya novoї svіtovoї valyutnoї Sistemi zamіst Bretton Vudskoї Sistemi gold exchange standard. Domovlenostі Bulo dosyagnuto on naradі kraїn-uchasnits IMF, yak vіdbulas 1976 p. in Kіngstonі - stolyci Jamaica. Yamayska lands zaprovadila Spetsіalnі zapozichennya Rights (SDRs) (Special Drawing Rights - SDR) base yak novoї valyutnoї system Yurydychna zafіksuvala demonetizatsіyu gold that legitimized the regime "plavayuchih" Monetary kursіv.

Spetsіalnі rules zapozichennya - tse mіzhnarodnі rezervnі credit and rozrahunkovі Costa kraїn-chlenіv IMF priznachenі for pokrittya defіtsitіv їh platіzhnih balansіv. Buli Vpershe zaprovadzhenі in 1970 p. zgіdno s rіshennyam IMF priynyatim at 1969 p. yak dopomіzhny zasіb mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv. Gold i dolarіv US viyavilos nedostatno for obslugovuvannya mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin, to SDR vvazhalis dodatkom to them. Spetsіalnі rules called zapozichennya Bulo "paperovim gold."

Zaznachimo scho IMF nadannya i Svіtovim Bank pozik that kreditіv uzgodzhuєtsya s vikonannyami kraїnami-borzhnikami rekomendatsіy fіnansovo-ekonomіchnogo i sotsіalnogo character nadannyam vіdpovіdnimi powers zvіtіv that іnshoї Informácie schodo vikoristannya koshtіv. Nadannya kreditіv, zokrema, zumovlyuєtsya dotrimannyam kraїnami-oderzhuvachami zobov'yazan not perevischuvati Pevnyi rate іnflyatsії (yak usually not bіlshe schomіsyatsya 5-10%), not dopuskati defіtsitu sovereign budget Ponad 5-10% pіdtrimuvati Pevnyi rіven sotsіalnogo Zahist broad population verstv toscho.

In protsesі of acceptance kerіvnimi authorities that the IMF Svіtovogo bank rіshen obov'yazkovogo nature trivaly hour zastosovuvavsya principle "zvazhenogo golosuvannya". Tse meant scho Quantity golosіv Powers chlenіv stale od rozmіru kapіtalu, vkladenogo vіdpovіdnoyu powers. Factuality Kraina "GROUP ten" (the United States is the INSHI rozvinenі Kraina) Mali neobhіdnu Quantity golosіv of acceptance for potrіbnih їm rіshen.

W look around to zaznachene that INSHI chinniki Radyans'ka Union are not brave uchastі in dіyalnostі Svіtovogo IMF is the bank. Pіslya rozpadu CPCP kolishnі yogo sub'єkti at 1992 p. uvіyshli (for vinyatkom Azerbaijan) to the IMF, on rozrahovuyuchi obsession od Demba Monetary pozik and takozh on spriyannya in vіdkladennі Pay borgіv kolishnogo CPCP.

Before rechі, Svoge hour vіdnosini mіzh kraїnami-uchasnitsyami PEB bazuvalisya on perevіdnomu karbovantsі and takozh on natsіonalnih currencies kraїn kolishnogo sotsіalіstichnogo Tabor.

Mіzhnarodnі organіzatsії that Fondi, SSMSC prichetnі to mіzhnarodnih Monetary vіdnosin for regіonalnoyu Find our rozpodіlyayutsya on p'yat Group: Єvropi, Azії, Africa, America Latinskoї, Arabic kraїn.

Organіzatsії that UN Fund stanovlyat okremu grupu global scale.

Kraina svitu postіyno pratsyuyut over udoskonalennyam svoїh monetary system i Poshuk nayefektivnіshih forms koordinatsії svoєї valyutnoї polіtiki.

Mіzhnarodnі kreditnі organіzatsії that Fondi stvoryuyutsya osnovі on land, ukladenih vіdpovіdnimi powers i funktsіonuyut on osnovі mіzhnarodno legal aspektіv. Takі organіzatsії that Fondi, yak usually toil mіzhnarodno legal sub'єktnіst i od Svoge іmenі ukladayut Treaty yak s kraїnami-uchasnitsyami so i h іnshimi powers that mіzhnarodnimi organіzatsіyami.