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Іnvestuvannya - Peresada AA

1.4.2. Ponyattya about іnvestitsіyny project

We methodically rekomendatsіyah s otsіnki іnvestitsіynih proektіv that їh vіdboru for fіnansuvannya suggestive takі tlumachennya іnvestitsіynogo project, "right", "dіyalnіst", "Zahid, scho peredbachaє zdіysnennya complex whether yakih Act reasonably, SSMSC zabezpechuyut dosyagnennya Pevnyi zavdan". Blizhche to tsogo ponyattya for zmіstom termіni "gospodarsky Zahid", "complex robіt", "project yak organіzatsіyno legal system i-rozrahunkovo ​​fіnansovih dokumentіv, SSMSC neobhіdnі for zdіysnennya whether yakih Act reasonably chi SSMSC opisuyut dії".
On osnovі analіzu guidance that viznachen Find our BIZNES-projects can be sformulyuvati uzagalnene viznachennya ponyattya іnvestitsіynogo BIZNES-project. Іnvestitsіyny project - tse obmezhena after hour tsіlespryamovana zmіna Sistemi Zi vstanovlenimi vimogami up of Quality rezultatіv, mozhlivimi mezhami vitrat koshtіv that resursіv i spetsifіchnoyu organіzatsієyu s yogo rozrobki that realіzatsії.

Klasifіkatsіya proektіv. Mnozhina BIZNES-proektіv Mauger klasifіkuvatisya for rіznimi acquaint themselves. Obviously, scho hovering nizhche scheme klasifіkatsії єdina not, however, have won bіlshostі vipadkіv uyavlyaєtsya korisnoyu us.

Viokremleno takі Basics of klasifіkatsії BIZNES-proektіv:

• type of project - for the main spheres dіyalnostі in yakih zdіysnyuєtsya project;
• class project - for the warehouse structure of the project that i yogo Subject galuzzyu;
• the scale of the project - for rozmіrami of the project, kіlkіstyu uchasnikіv that stage vplivu on zovnіshnє seredovische;
• trivalіst project - for termіnom zdіysnennya project;
• skladnіst project - napriklad for stage fіnansovoї, tehnіchnoї chi іnshoї skladnostі;
• view of the project - the nature of the Branch predmetnoї project.

Rozglyanemo osnovnі rіznovidi proektіv:

1. Type of project - tehnіchny, organіzatsіyny, ekonomіchny, sotsіalny, zmіshany.

2. Klas project - monoproekty, multiproject, megaproject.

3. The scope of the project - drіbny, serednіy, great, great duzhe. Abo іnsha klasifіkatsіya: mіzhderzhavnі, mіzhnarodnі, natsіonalnі, mіzhregіonalnі, regіonalnі, mіzhgaluzevі, galuzevі, korporativnі, vіdomchі, projects a pіdpriєmstva.

4. For trivalіstyu projection shaping can Buti korotkotermіnovі (3 rokіv) serednotermіnovі (od 3 to 5 rokіv) dovgotermіnovі (Ponad rokіv 5).

5. Type іnvestitsіynih proektіv: іnnovatsіyny that organіzatsіyny, Naukova-doslіdny, The Teaching-osvіtnіy, zmіshany.

Bіlshіst BIZNES-proektіv wear іnvestitsіyny (vitratny) character. The value іnvestitsіy, SSMSC neobhіdnі for zdіysnennya BIZNES-project deposits od usіh perelіchenih acquaint themselves that nasampered od scale trivalostі that stage skladnostі project.

Before іnvestitsіynih proektіv zazvichay nalezhat projects bunt metoyu yakih Je vkladennya koshtіv in rіznі Vidi bіznesu s metoyu otrimannya pributku. In tsіy grupі BIZNES-proektіv viokremlyuyut іnnovatsіynі projects to yakih nalezhit system rіznomanіtnih innovations scho zabezpechuyut bezperervny rozvitok organіzatsіyno-ekonomіchnih systems.

Odnієyu s nayvіdomіshih sprob enter standartizovany pіdhіd to otsіnki that analіzu іnvestitsіynih proektіv Bula dіyalnіst Mіzhnarodnogo center Promyslova doslіdzhen at YUNІDO. In 1972 r. Bulo opublіkovano "Kerіvnitstvo s otsіnki proektіv" yak was valued doslіdzhennyam s tsogo supply. Vrahovuyuchi zagalnu orієntatsіyu on vikoristannya tsієї techniques have kraїnah s rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu, yak tіlki-but formuєtsya and takozh zvazhayuchi on the fact scho in robotі over stvorennyam YUNІDO procedure took fate golovnі mіzhnarodnі fіnansovі іnstituti (takі yak Svіtovy bank Mіzhnarodny Bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku , Mіzhnarodny Monetary Fund) is not a wonder, scho tsya sama technique became Etalon analіzu іnvestitsіynih proektіv, SSMSC zdіysnyuyutsya teritorії on LICs, zokrema in Ukraїnі.

Ninі for rakhunok koshtіv Єvropeyskogo bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku (ЄBRR) deyakі Ukrainian banks fіnansuyut іnvestitsіynі small projection of companies that serednogo bіznesu (s Private vlasnostі Form), a scho zdіysnyuyut dіyalnіst in Galuzo sіlskogo Gospodarstwa, harchovoї promislovostі that poslug. Klієnti bankіv, SSMSC bazhayut skoristatisya Costa kreditnoї lіnії od ЄBRR, povinnі rozglyad taxes on bank loan klopotannya about obsession, obґruntovany BIZNES plan that neobhіdnі for zdіysnennya kredituvannya this document.

Before of companies, for yakih rozroblyaєtsya podіbny іnvestitsіyny project visuvayutsya takі vimogi:

• doproektnі assets not povinnі perevischuvati 2.5 million dollars. USA (vinyatkom sporud budіvel i);
• Quantity pratsyuyuchih not guilty perevischuvati 500 osіb;
• dіyalnіst pіdpriєmstva Got vіdpovіdati vimogam receptionists dovkіllya scho visuvaє ЄBRR;
• Maximum spіvvіdnoshennya zagalnogo Borg (ЄBRR credit) to Vlasnyi kapіtalu Got stanoviti 70-30% and Vlasnyi vnesok in the project - not less then 30% vartostі project;
• koefіtsієnt obslugovuvannya Borg (vіdnoshennya pributku pіslya Splat podatkіv, amortizatsіynih vіdrahuvan i vitrat on SPLAT vіdsotkіv s usіh pozichok pozichalnika to vsієї zaborgovanostі pozichalnika s urahuvannyam loan ЄBRR) not guilty Buti Mensch 1.3: 1;
• vartіst force not to blame for Buti Mensch 120% od sumi zagalnoї zaborgovanostі for a loan.

Costa Kreditnі not spryamovuyutsya:

• Refinancing Loans on vzhe іsnuyuchih zobov'yazan privacy of companies abo fіnansuvannya pridbanih tsіnnih paperіv dіyuchih i neruhomostі of companies;
• on realіzatsіyu proektіv, pov'yazanih s іgornim bіznesom, virobnitstvom abo postachannyam zbroї toscho.

BIZNES plan to іnvestitsіynogo project rozroblyaєtsya vіdpovіdno to tipovoї form, yak nadaєtsya klієntovі Bank (Div. Dodatok 1).

Kredituvannya minds:

• mіnіmalna scrip loan - 50 tis. dollars. USA;
• the maximum credit scrip - $ 2 million. USA;
• termіn korotkostrokovogo loan - od 6 to 12 months at;
• Maximum termіn dovgostrokovogo loan - 5 rokіv;
• vіdstrochka maximum repayment osnovnoї sumi Borg - Rocky 2 (trivalіst pіlgovogo perіodu);
• orієntovna vіdsotkova rate - 15% rіchnih;
• vіdsotki for credit splachuyutsya klієntom bank participant schokvartalno chi schomіsyachno (at korotkostrokovomu kredituvannі) the principle nagromadzhuvalnogo pіdsumku.

Іnvestitsіyny project scho proyshov analіz in ukraїnskomu bank participant i dіstav Positive vіdguk, peredaєtsya on rozglyad to spetsіalnoї komіsії NBU that fіnansovogo ЄBRR consultant. Pіslya ґruntovnoї otsіnki this project mozhlive of acceptance of the positive rіshennya schodo yogo fіnansuvannya.