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Іnvestuvannya - Peresada AA

4.4. Method realіzatsії іnvestitsіynih proektіv

Vibіr method of osvoєnnya іnvestitsіy deposits od mind іnvestitsіynogo project scho realіzuєtsya, Jerel yogo fіnansuvannya. Osvoєnnya іnvestitsіy in virobnichі Fondi zdіysnyuєtsya for Relief pіdryadnogo, gospodarskogo abo zmіshanogo sposobіv.

Pіdryadny sposіb - tse organіzatsіyna form vikonannya robіt, virobnitstva produktsії that nadannya poslug samostіynimi, postіyno dіyuchimi fіrmami, pіdpriєmstvami that organіzatsіyami on osnovі pіdryadnih dogovorіv i kontraktіv mіzh іnvestorami that uchasnikami іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі. Pіdryadnim way mozhut vikonuvatis whether SSMSC Vidi robіt: budіvelnі, montazhnі, start-nalagodzhuvalnі, Naukova-doslіdnі, design doslіdzhuvalnі, remontnі.

Pіdryadny dogovіr Mauger Buti ukladeny on virobnitstvo Pevnyi mind th obsyagu produktsії (yew. Pcs. Tsegli, tis. M3 pilomaterіalіv i t. Іn.), On view vikonannya Pevnyi poslug (napriklad on ob'єkta receptionists, decorated ustanovchih dokumentіv that reєstratsіyu pіdpriєmstva ). In іnvestitsіynіy sferі subject pіdryadnogo contract Je іnvestitsіyny project abo Chastina project view abo complex Pevnyi robіt.

Pіdryadny sposіb prodovzh trivalogo hour CCB domіnuyuchim at the Branch kapіtalnogo budіvnitstva, spriyav viokremlennyu budіvnitstva in samostіynu Galuzo materіalnogo virobnitstva, vprovadzhennyu NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso. Protyagom trivalogo hour pіdryadnim way vikonuvalos blizko 90% usogo obsyagu budіvelno and assembly robіt. In ostannі desyatilіttya Tsey sposіb Pocha uniquely poshiryuvatisya i in іnshih Galuzo national Gospodarstwa: promislovostі, APK, transportі that іn. Poslіdovno Pocha vinikati novі modifіkatsії tsogo ways: Brigadier, dіlyankovy, precisely, naskrіzny, Collective that INSHI pіdryadi.

For rinkovih minds tsі rіznovidi pіdryadnogo method of mozhut uspіshno vikoristovuvatis nadalі i navіt dіstati away rozvitku in zv'yazku іz rozshirennyam forms vlasnostі that number uchasnikіv іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі. On the principles of Brigadier pіdryadu mozhut zdіysnyuvati his dіyalnіst malі pіdpriєmstva, obumovlyuyuchi have contracts vzaєmovigіdnі minds vikonannya robіt. Dіlyankovy pіdryad Mauger Buti vikoristany pіdrozdіlami budіvelnih, mounting organіzatsіy that fіrm.

When inline pіdryadі ukladaєtsya dogovіr on poslіdovne sporudzhennya for zamovnika kіlkoh same type ob'єktіv, napriklad zhilih budinkіv in mіkrorayonі abo lіnіyno-broaching ob'єkta (avtotrasi, lіnії elektroperedach, truboprovіd toscho). For Tsikh minds robots vikonuyutsya poetapno on skin ob'єktі abo on mіrі prosuvannya vzdovzh Tracy lіnіyno-broaching ob'єkta.

Naskrіzny pіdryad peredbachaє ukladannya bagatostoronnogo contract mіzh kіlkoma sub'єktami іnvestitsіynogo project (pіdryadnikom, subpіdryadnimi organіzatsіyami, postachalnikami materіalіv, ustatkuvannya, transport fіrmami) on spіlne sporudzhennya ob'єkta for zamovnika, pochinayuchi s nulovogo cycle i zakіnchuyuchi zdachi ob'єkta in ekspluatatsіyu.

When Collective pіdryadі Budivelna FIRMA vikonuє robots for kіlkoh zamovnikіv, ukladaє dogovіr od іmenі labor collectives. When tsomu pіdrozdіli fіrmi not zakrіplyuyutsya for specific zamovnikom okremimi treaties. Tse dozvolyaє gnuchko manevruvati of labor resources h i materіalnimi metoyu dotrimannya termіnіv vikonannya skin project.

When pіdryadnomu sposobі Keeping robіt usі sub'єkti іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі, yuridichnі yak, so i fіzichnі individuals mozhut vstupati in dogovіrnі vіdnosini. Yak usually dogovіr ukladayut Dvi yuridichnі individuals - zamovnik (іnvestor) i pіdryadnik. Zamovnikom Mauger Buti Power, mіnіsterstvo, vіdomstvo, Corporation, asotsіatsіya, ob'єdnannya, pіdpriєmstvo, set abo is private person. For rinkovih minds chastіshe for all zamovnik Je odnochasno th іnvestorom. At the same hour tsі funktsії mozhut i rozmezhuvatisya, napriklad funktsії іnvestora (fіnansuvannya project) zdіysnyuє Power, mіnіsterstvo abo Corporation and zamovnikom Mauger vistupati specific pіdpriєmstvo abo install.

Before upravlіnnya contract pіdryadu Mauger Buti Zăluceni i-thirds Yurydychna person, scho yak dovіrena person іnvestora (zamovnika) dіє od Yogo Yogo іmenі th predstavlyaє Interests Abo protyagom usogo іnvestitsіynogo processes, abo tіlki in perіod budіvnitstva, tobto ob'єkta Prior to the introduction in that the residual ekspluatatsіyu rozrahunkіv. Zvichayno takі poserednitskі funktsії vikonuє keruyuchy project (Project Manager).

Іnvestor Got the right to send out to the takozh OAO All funktsії zamovnika spetsіalіzovanіy fіrmі - developer. In this razі dogovіr pіdryadu nabuvaє kind of contract fіnansuvannya project. FIRMA-developer in its Cherga, ukladaє pіdryadny dogovіr s budіvelno and assembly organіzatsієyu (pіdryadnikom) abo itself zdіysnyuє virobnitstvo budіvelno and assembly robіt. Over the minds contract s іnvestorom tsya FIRMA guilty predstaviti in viznacheny termіn Ready ob'єkt realіzuvati abo yogo on market analysis neruhomostі th vіdshkoduvati іnvestoru virobnichі vitrati, zabezpechivshi at tsomu Pevnyi dohіd.

Іnvestor Got right takozh uklasti dogovіr s odnієyu chi kіlkoma fіrmami-rіelterami on zakupіvlyu ob'єkta scho yogo tsіkavit.

Pіdryadnikom shaping can Buti budіvelno montazhnі i-design budіvelnі promislovі pіdpriєmstva that organіzatsії abo їh ob'єdnannya and takozh okremі fіzichnі individuals SSMSC otrimali in order vstanovlenomu right to participate in zdіysnennі pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі in tsіlomu that in budіvnitstvі zokrema. Tse shaping can Buti takozh fіrmi-poseredniki, SSMSC take on itself funktsії s koordinatsії robіt i toil right to Taku dіyalnіst (lіtsenzіyu abo sertifіkat).

Pіdryadnik Mauger zaluchati for vikonannya complex, mind abo Chastain robіt INSHI organіzatsії that fіrmi (subpіdryadnikіv). Treaty, SSMSC at tsomu ukladayutsya, toil subpіdryadnih titles. Tsі agreed not zvіlnyayut pіdryadnika od vіdpovіdalnostі before zamovnikom for vikonannya robіt s neobhіdnoyu yakіstyu i in termіni, peredbachenі pіdryadu contract. In danomu razі pіdryadnik stosovno subpіdryadnikіv staє zamovnikom and stosovno іnvestora (zamovnika) - General pіdryadnikom. When naskrіznomu pіdryadі funktsії General pіdryadnika vikonuє pіdryadna glad scho s target predstavnikіv usіh pіdryadnikіv, SSMSC toil pіdpisu right, in the second zakrіplena dogovorі.

Osnovnі obmezhuvalnі minds SSMSC obumovlyuyutsya in contracts for pіdryadnika - tse neobhіdnіst exactly doderzhuvatisya project zavdannya zamovnika. When tsomu robots mozhut vikonuvatis yak pid control zamovnika so i without Demba. In ostannomu vipadku at provedennі robіt suttєvo zbіlshuєtsya stupіn riziku.

When pіdryadnomu sposobі realіzatsії іnvestitsіynih proektіv in zarubіzhnіy that vіtchiznyanіy praktitsі rozrіznyayut takі naybіlsh vіdomі tipi dogovorіv pіdryadu: generalnі (kompleksnі) rіchnі, "pid key" pryamі (okremі). The General dogovіr ukladaєtsya on vikonannya budіvelnih that іnzhenernih robіt, postachannya i installation ustatkuvannya, blagoustrіy teritorії (іnodі th start-nalagodzhuvalnih robіt). Pіdryadnik vikonuє mainly masu zagalnobudіvelnih robіt (kam'yanih, i teslyarskih concrete, installation zalіzobetonnih i metalevih konstruktsіy) zdіysnyuє digit Chastain supply materіalnih resursіv for budіvnitstva. When tsomu zamovnik takozh bere on itself zobov'yazannya zdіysniti Chastain supply i robіt samostіyno yak, so i for okremih direct contracts. For Tsikh minds pіdryadnik zvetsya-General i priymaє on itself koordinatsіyu robіt, zaznachenih dogovorі in general, s robots peredbachenimi іnshimi treaties scho ukladenі him NKVD. In okremih vipadkah at trivalih termіnah budіvnitstva, krіm general agreement mozhut ukladatisya rіchnі Treaty, de detalіzuyutsya that utochnyuyutsya obov'yazki storіn.

Rіznovidom general agreement Je dogovіr "pid key" to vіdpovіdno yakogo pіdryadnik priymaє on itself zobov'yazannya vikonati complex robіt i supplies Nese vіdpovіdalnіst for sporudzhennya ob'єkta th zamіnyuє zamovnika stosovno іnshih uchasnikіv іnvestitsіynogo project. When tsomu Chastina robіt i Mauger zalishatisya supplies for zamovnikom, ale vіdpovіdalnіst for zdachi "pid key" Nese pіdryadnik, yaky guilty zdat ob'єkt povnіstyu pіdgotovlenim to ekspluatatsії vіdpovіdno to drain the contract th garantіynih zobov'yazan.

In okremih vipadkah dogovіr "pid key" Mauger mіstiti minds zgіdno s yakimi mіzh Yurydychna parties ukladaєtsya lands about stvorennya konsortsіumu. Vіdpovіdno to tsієї lands pіdryadnik zobov'yazuєtsya before іnvestorom not tіlki zdat ob'єkt to ekspluatatsії, ale i th zabezpechiti Key infrastructure realіzatsіyu gotovoї produktsії. When stvorennі konsortsіumu rozrahunki mіzh Yurydychna parties zdіysnyuyutsya tіlki not for rakhunok іnvestitsіy for koshtorisom vartostі robіt, ale i takozh for rakhunok penny potokіv scho nadhodyat od realіzatsії gotovoї produktsії. Takі Treaty zvichayno ukladayut іnzhinіringovі fіrmi, SSMSC Je authors proektіv.

Pryamі (okremі) of the Treaty on oformlyuyutsya vikonannya fіksovanih obsyagіv robіt, chastіshe for all spetsіalnih mounting robіt (supervision by the ustatkuvannya vigotovlyuvachem). Pryamі Treaty zvichayno ukladayutsya zamovnikom (іnvestorom) in vipadku, if vіn Je author (vlasnikom) tehnologії virobnitstva, peredbachenogo in іnvestitsіynomu proektі. Over the minds of direct contract (one chi kіlkoh) krіm quiet, scho s ukladenі pіdryadnikom, ostannіy Nese vіdpovіdalnіst tіlki for doderzhannya Svoge agreement (i svoї robots Hotel). Vіdpovіdalnіst for koordinatsіyu vsіh robіt that їh completion of ob'єktu in tsіlomu zalishaєtsya for zamovnikom. For general pіdryadnika s point Zora pravovoї organіzatsії vzaєmovіdnosin uchasnikіv rіznitsі mіzh directly (okremim) i subpіdryadnim Absent agreement.

In ostannі prophets in zv'yazku Zi recession virobnitstva іnvestor for realіzatsії proektіv dedalі chastіshe vikoristovuє gospodarsky sposіb. Over the minds command admіnіstrativnoї Sistemi gospodaryuvannya Tsey sposіb brings nepoganі result, Especially at the smallest in obsyagah budіvelno and assembly robіt, rekonstruktsії i tehnіchnomu pereozbroєnnі dіyuchih of companies. For Suchasnyj minds іnvestor in ryadі vipadkіv zmusheny samostіyno vikonuvati budіvelnі th montazhnі robots through neobґruntovano visokі monopolnі tsіni, SSMSC diktuyut budіvelnі fіrmi pіdryadnomu on market analysis. So rank, gospodarsky sposіb - tse taka organіzatsіyna form of yakoї іnvestitsіynі projection realіzuyutsya bezposeredno іnvestorom without zaluchennya pіdryadnika. When tsomu funktsії іnvestora, zamovnika i pіdryadnika poєdnuyutsya odnієyu Yurydychna special, yak i zvetsya zabudovnikom odnochasno Je rozporyadnikom koshtіv, operational keruyuchim that vikonavtsem budіvelno and assembly robіt.

For realіzatsії project in skladі aparata zabudovnika stvoryuєtsya upravlіnnya abo vіddіl kapіtalnogo budіvnitstva that Vlasna Budivelna organіzatsіya (dіlnitsya) SSMSC zabezpechuyut budіvnitstvo neobhіdnoyu design koshtorisnoyu dokumentatsієyu, materіalno-tehnіchnimi i workforce. Payment robіt, scho with such a Realized organіzatsієyu, zdіysnyuєtsya s rozrahunkovogo rahunku zabudovnika. In okremih vipadkah at vikonannі gospodarskim great way obsyagіv robіt Budivelna organіzatsіya (dіlnitsya) Mauger Buti peretvorena on mala pіdpriєmstvo s vіdkrittyam okremogo rozrahunkovogo rahunku.

Zmіshany sposіb Je kombіnatsієyu pіdryadnogo i gospodarskogo sposobіv. Zvichayno pіdryadnikom vikonuyutsya skladnі materіalomіstkі Vidi budіvelno robіt-mounting, mounting frame napriklad budіvlі Zi zbіrnih zalіzobetonnih konstruktsіy and zabudovnikom - trudomіstky, napriklad ozdoblyuvalnі robots.

Vibіr of chi іnshogo method of realіzatsії proektіv obґruntovuєtsya іnvestorom in Yogo BIZNES-planі.