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Strahuvannya - Osadets SS

12. Credit Rozdіl Strahuvannya that fіnansovih rizikіv

12.1. Ekonomіchny zmіst strahuvannya Credit rizikіv

In stosunkah mіzh creditor (pozikodavtsem) that yogo borzhnikom (pozichalnikom) subject їhnogo spіlnogo іnteresu - credit - stvoryuє rіznі ekonomіko-pravovі situatsії: for borzhnika - zobov'yazannya poziku rotate and for the lender - right vimagati її Povernennya for poperedno uzgodzhenimi minds. Nevikonannya s rіznih reasons Tsikh domovlenostey zagrozhuє kreditorovі fіnansovimi zbitkami, yakih vіn namagaєtsya uniknuti s Relief rіznih Available zahodіv that materіalnogo legal nature. When tsomu legal zabezpechennya peredbachaє scho nalezhnі kreditorovі sumi shaping can Buti povernenі Yomou tretіmi individuals.

Legal zabezpechennya Mauger nabirati bagatoh forms. Nayposhirenіshі s takі them: bail tretoї individuals zgіdno s tsivіlnim right garantіya, sent messages (tsesіya) kreditorskoї zaborgovanostі borzhnika, Zastava Rukh that neruhomogo lane. Materіalne zabezpechennya loan on vіdmіnu od legal polyagaє in bezposerednomu peredannі kreditorovі zamіst otrimanogo loan ekvіvalenta yogo vartostі at pennies chi іnshih Mainova tsіnnostyah. Materіalne zabezpechennya takozh Mauger nabirati rіznih forms: Making Monetary zasobіv, precios that іnshih tsіnnostey blockade on koshtіv rahunkah, depozitіv, sent messages Rukh lane for an hour before Povernennya loan.

SOCA temple nadіynіst zaznachenih forms zabezpechennya kreditіv їh zastosuvannya often buvaє nezruchnim, vazhkodostupnim i nevigіdnim for uchasnikіv Credit vіdnosin. For Tsikh minds that are available naybіlsh nadіynoyu Form fіnansovogo zabezpechennya іnteresіv kreditorіv staє strahuvannya.

Strahuvannya kreditіv bazuєtsya on viznannі riziku non-payment chi neplatospromozhnostі pozichalnikіv, yaky formuєtsya in protsesі kredituvannya.

Іstorichny prototype of strahuvannya kreditіv ubachaєtsya in komіsіynіy operatsії for minds zdіysnennya yakoї ukladalasya dodatkova land, called del credere. Komіsіoner for vіdpovіdnu dodatkovu vinagorodu, yak vvazhalasya pay for vzyattya riziku komіsіynoї operatsії, garantuvav komіtentovі, scho bill for Prodan from the loan product bude vikupleno in viznacheny termіn. Otzhe, please del credere nabuvala nature vekselnoї bail zgіdno s yakoyu in razі nepovernennya Borg THIRD PARTY komіsіoner zobov'yazany CCB viplatiti vіdshkoduvannya komіtentovі in Povny obsyazі zaborgovanostі. Oznachaє Tse, scho shirokovіdoma komіsіyna operatsіya are themselves Pochatkova form strahuvannya kreditіv s usіma neobhіdnimi attributes strahovoї operatsії: rizikom nepovernennya loan viznachenim obsyagom vіdpovіdalnostі, insurance premієyu in formі dodatkovoї vinagorodi that real vіdshkoduvannyam zbitkіv.

Fig. 12.1. Driving delkredernogo strahuvannya kreditіv

Vіdmіnnіstyu komіsіynoї operatsії od klasychnoji strahovoї Yea those scho LUVs okremy komіsіoner not have zmozі virіvnyati riziki nepovernennya kreditіv Sered dovolі velikoї sukupnostі kreditorіv and what not mіg zabezpechiti stabіlnostі svoїy dіyalnostі protyagom trivalogo perіodu. Tacke zavdannya staє pid force deprivation profesіynim INSURANCE mortgages, SSMSC on the minds "del credere" mozhut garantuvati creditors Strahov vіdshkoduvannya zapodіyanih їm zbitkіv.

Tacke strahuvannya Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya in dvoh varіantah. In Persha lender (strahuvalnik) strahuє zagalom usyu zaborgovanіst to Povernennya vsіma yogo borzhnikami. In another lender varіantі strahuє zaborgovanіst skin pozichalnika zokrema. Schopravda, іstotnim nedolіkom another varіanta Je mozhlivіst selektsії rizikіv, tobto sent messages on strahuvannya deprivation "trash" rizikіv and that insurers zvertayutsya to Demba duzhe neohoche.

In razі delkredernoї FORMS organіzatsії vіdnosin of insurance creditors (banks, іnvestori that INSHI) vіdіgrayut role strahuvalnikіv i odnochasno are insured and that strahovі vіdnosini obmezhuyutsya deprivation stosunkami mіzh EYAD parties - insurers i strahuvalnikom. Tsі vіdnosini mozhna taxes schematic (Fig. 12.1).

Delkrederne strahuvannya skladaєtsya s dvoh group of insurance vіdnosin: strahuvannya trademark kreditіv i strahuvannya fіnansovih (Penny) kreditіv. In pershіy grupі INSURANCE Zahist zabezpechuєtsya vnutrіshnomu yak, so i zovnіshnomu (eksportno-іmportnomu) tovaroobіgu, yaky zdіysnyuєtsya on kreditnіy osnovі. Friend grupu delkredernogo strahuvannya stanovlyat operatsії Zi strahuvannya fіnansovih kreditіv, tobto perevazhno tієї Chastain spozhivchih kreditіv that kreditіv pid іnvestitsіynі require yak form y groshovіy formі.

Mainova іnteres lender Mauger Buti zahischeny poseredno - Shlyakhov insurance platospromozhnostі Zahist yogo borzhnika. For tsієї forms of insurance vіdnosin strahuvalnikom Je pozichalnik. Vіn, bezposeredno strahuyuchi his platospromozhnіst, poseredno zahischaє Interests Svoge vіritelya - lender. Vodnochase insurer, strahuyuchi platospromozhnіst pozichalnika, daє note by garantіyu kreditorovі rotate Yomou Borg. Otzhe, іz legal side tsya insurance operatsіya Yea, for sutі, nadannyam insurer insurance garantіynogo zobov'yazannya, yak to the lender sluguє outpost on vipadok nepovernennya Yomou Borg. W looking around at tse in strahovіy teorії that praktitsі strahovі vіdnosini this nature іmenuyutsya Zastavna, abo garantіynimi.

Ekonomіchny zmіst strahovoї garantії zvoditsya before scho insurer zamіst otrimanoї nevisokoї strahovoї premії bere on itself - zamіst borzhnika - the role of payment guarantees from Yogo povnoї zaborgovanostі viznachenih termіnah on korist are insured (benefіtsіanta) tsієї garantії.

When garantіynomu (Zastavna) strahuvannі in vіdnosini vstupayut not Dvi, yak at delkredernomu strahuvannі and three sides:

lender - sub'єkt on korist yakogo Got Booty vikonane zobov'yazannya i yaky odnochasno Yea that are insured benefіtsіantom strahovoї garantії;

pozichalnik - sub'єkt, zobov'yazany rotate Borg, vіn same strahuvalnik;

guarantee - insurance mortgage, yaky garantuє vikonannya zobov'yazan, vіn same insurer.

tsі vzaєmovіdnosini storіn unaochnyuє Fig. 12.2.

Fig. 12.2. Vzaєmovіdnosini storіn at garantіynomu strahuvannі

Yak pokazuє mіzhnarodna gospodarska practice in the minds Zastavny (garantіynogo) strahuvannya items Zahist insurance (insurance garantіy) shaping can Buti rіznі vartostі, peredanі a credit ambushes among sub'єktami іnshim. These vartostyami, zokrema, krіm bankіvskih pozik, shaping can Buti sumi nalezhnogo to splat mita abo Well іnshih prikordonnih podatkіv that zborіv, sumi nalezhnih kompensatsіy for nevchasne vikonannya budіvelno and assembly robіt, nevikonannya supply tovarіv that іnshih kontraktіv, sumi otrimanih avansіv, SSMSC pіdlyagayut Povernennya. Tse so zvanі klasichnі zobov'yazannya, pid SSMSC nadayutsya strahovі garantії.

In grupі Zastavny (garantіynogo) strahuvannya praktikuєtsya takozh Zahist Especially napryamok insurance - strahuvannya fіnansovih garantіy. Tehnіka nadannya INSURANCE garantіy staє dedalі rіznomanіtnіshoyu. Same to loans, vidanі pid rіznі fіnansovі garantії, ob'єdnuyutsya in Dvi groups:

a) loans, yakih Povernennya garantuєtsya zaluchennyam long time vіdomih fіnansovih іnstrumentіv. Іdetsya about іpotechnі that bankіvskі loans, SSMSC vidayutsya pid outpost іpoteki abo іnshogo lane, scho nalezhit pozichalnikam. Іpoteka she Lots Other Mein stayut objects strahuvannya and pozichalnik vіdpovіdno - strahuvalnikom i insured in the odnіy osobі;

b) loans, yakih Povernennya garantuєtsya borgovimi zobov'yazannyami fіnansovogo nature: oblіgatsіyami, aktsіyami, Paper the komertsіynimi, sertifіkatami fіnansovih aktivіv of companies. W look around to rіznomanіtnіst vidіv garantіy їh podіlyayut on garantії scho stosuyutsya vіdnosin mіzh Private sub'єktami, that garantії scho stosuyutsya vіdnosin have yakih one Zi storіn Je sub'єktom zagalnonarodnogo, sovereign value. Emіtenti borgovih zobov'yazan samі th іnіtsіyuyut TAKE strahuvannya, dwellers pіdnyati dovіru to himself.

Procedure of insurance nadannya garantіy peredbachaє vikonannya Act reasonably quiet themselves, scho th at ukladannі types dogovorіv strahuvannya:

• viznachennya subject strahovoї garantії that yogo basic characteristics;
• otsіnyuvannya riziku on pіdstavі podanoї that dodatkovo otrimanoї Informácie;
• drain viznachennya lands about nadannya strahovoї garantії;
• rozrahunok insurance rate that viznachennya order Splat strahovoї premії.

when garantіynomu strahuvannі, yak i at delkredernomu, zastosovuyut two ways nadannya insurance Zahist:

• Disposable - zastosuvannya schodo okremoї kreditnoї operatsії, yak potrebuє strahovoї garantії;
• bagatorazovy, werewolves - schodo zagalnoї kіlkostі operatsіy, SSMSC shaping can Buti zdіysnenі one hour borzhnikom protyagom dії lands about garantіyne strahuvannya.

Sered rozmaїttya Credit vіdnosin, SSMSC zdіysnyuyutsya on Suchasnyj credit market analysis, Especially values carols kreditnі Hotel, vіdomі Dovira yak loan. The butt of the loan Je Dobri, dovіrchі vіdnosini mіzh pratsedavtsem (creditor) that naynyatim pratsіvnikom (borzhnikom). Takі vіdnosini mozhut nabuvati real zmіstu in peredannі pratsedavtsem svoєmu pratsіvnikovі in timchasove koristuvannya zasobіv transport abo Well іnshih tsіnnostey. Otzhe, vinikaє rizik nevipravdannya Dovira pratsedavtsya. On vipadok zavdannya Yomou zbitkіv pratsіvnikom pratsedavets Mauger zastrahuvatisya. Tsey view strahuvannya, yak bachimo, s one side, Got character delkredernogo, more strahuvalnikom Je lender, and other s - nabiraє FORMS strahovoї garantії, oskіlki INSURANCE polіs becoming subject to force. Same to Absent pіdstav strahuvannya Dovira uniquely vіdnositi to delkredernoї chi zastavnoї groupies.

Otzhe, beruchi to uwagi rіznomanіtnіst nature operatsіy, pov'yazanih іz bezposerednіm strahuvannyam kreditіv that nadannyam INSURANCE garantіy vzaєmovіdnosin of the credit, credit strahuvannya mozhna viznachiti yak gospodarsky mehanіzm meta yakogo - zadovolniti vipadkovі otsіnyuvanі maynovі require SSMSC vinikayut s riziku nepovernennya loan pererozpodіlivshi vtrati mіzh sub'єktami cREDIT INSURANCE vіdnosin.

Species rozmaїttya credit strahuvannya yak іz practical, so i h theoreticity mіrkuvan potrebuє klasifіkatsії for іstotnimi kriterіyami that Institution in єdinu ієrarhіchnogo system type. Find our headache, cutaneous type of credit pritamannoyu strahuvannya, Je bezposerednіy chi poserednіy sposіb organіzatsії insurance Zahist Credit vіdnosin. Zgіdno s tsієyu іstotnoyu zagalnu Find our credit system vidіv strahuvannya mozhna taxes with such a scheme (Figure 12.3.):

Fig. 12.3. Klasifіkatsіya vidіv strahuvannya kreditіv