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Strategіchne upravlіnnya - Shershnova Z. Je

3.5. "TREE TSІLEY" PІDPRIЄMSTVA

For vіdobrazhennya tsіley navіt duzhe prostoї organіzatsії treba vikoristati Complex pіdhіd, tobto stvoriti tsіley system, yak b vіdbivala require pіdpriєmstva s point Zora zovnіshnogo yak, so i vnutrіshnogo seredovischa.

Rozglyadayuchi tse diet shall never be orієntuvatisya on rіznі pіdhodi schodo rolі values ​​that have pіdpriєmstva suspіlstvі. Fig. 3.5. filed two varіanti sistemnoї modelі tsіley organіzatsії fallow od zaznachenih pіdhodіv.

Fallow od kontseptsії pіdpriєmstva vstanovlyuєtsya meta-General, mіsіya organіzatsії - Sotho Ekonomichna abo sotsіalnoekonomіchnogo nature.

For dosyagnennya generalnoї methylene potrіbno bring її zmіst to skin rіvnya that vikonavtsya on pіdpriєmstvі, viznachiti vnesok skin s pratsіvnikіv in strategіchny uspіh pіdpriєmstva vzagalі. Tse mozhna zabezpechiti for Relief dekompozitsії tsіley that tasks tobto pobudovoyu "tree tsіley" de vstanovlyuyutsya konkretnі, vimіryanі zadachі scho lie osnovі specific vidіv robіt.

I. Organіzatsіya - "Ekonomichna odinitsya" (M. Frіdman)

II. Organіzatsіya - "sotsіalna odinitsya" (K. Deyvіs)

Fig. 3.5. Kontseptsії sistemnoї modelі tsіley organіzatsії

"Tree tsіley" - tse naochne grafіchne The images that pіdporyadkovanostі vzaєmozv'yazku tsіley scho demonstruє rozpodіl zagalnoї (generalnoї) methylene abo mіsії on pіdtsіlі, zavdannya that okremі dії.

"Tree tsіley" can viznachiti, yak "tsіlovy framework" organіzatsії, yavischa chi dіyalnostі. Zagalny viglyad "tsіley tree" shown in Fig. 3.6:

Meta - tse іdealne uyavlennya about the nature of that dіyalnostі mozhlivostі ob'єkta, vіdnosno yakogo Won vstanovlena th Got vіdbivati ​​ob'єktivnі minds Yogo іsnuvannya and takozh koriguvannya ob'єkta structuring, structuring processes that dinamіki dosyagnennya methylene, that mova Got Iti about sukupnіst tsіley .

The basic іdeya schodo pobudovi "tree tsіley" - dekompozitsіya.

Fig. 3.6. "Tree tsіley" organіzatsії

Dekompozitsіya (rozukrupnyuvannya) - tse method rozkrittya structure of the system, while for the Money Does odnієyu Find our її podіlyayut on okremі skladovі.

Dekompozitsіya vikoristovuєtsya pobudovi for "tree tsіley" dwellers pov'yazati Meta-General Zi ways її dosyagnennya, sformulovanimi in viglyadі zavdan okremim vikonavtsyam.

Rozglyanemo pobudovi "tree tsіley" tehnologіchnі ambush.

Not іsnuє unіversalnih metodіv pobudovi "tsіley tree." Method yogo pobudovi stale od nature methylene, obranogo metodologіchnogo pіdhodu and takozh od of hto rozroblyaє "tree tsіley" yak vіn uyavlyaє sobі postavlenі before him zavdannya, yak vіn bachit їhnіy vzaєmozv'yazok.

Basic rules pobudovi "tree tsіley" - tse "povnota reduktsії".

Povnota reduktsії - collapsible yavischa Institution processes, processes ABO system before bіlsh simply warehouses. For tsogo realіzatsії rules vikoristovuyut Taqiy systemic pіdhіd:

a) meta vischogo rіvnya orієntirom Yea, the basis for rozrobki (dekompozitsії) tsіley nizhchogo rіvnya;

b) tsіlі nizhchogo rіvnya Je ways dosyagnennya methylene vischogo rіvnya i toil Buti predstavlenі so dwellers їhnya sukupnіst zumovlyuvala dosyagnennya pochatkovoї methylation.

Vimogi to pobudovi "tree tsіley" takі:

povnota vіdobrazhennya processes abo yavischa;

on skin rіvnі sukupnіst pіdtsіley Got Booty dostatnoyu for inventory tsіlі vischogo rіvnya;

nesuperechlivіst tsіley nizhchogo that upper rіvnіv;

dekompozitsіya methylene on pіdtsіlі on skin rіvnі Got vikonuvatisya for one metodologіchnim pіdhodom;

usі tsіlі toil Buti sformulovanі in termіnah robіt.

"Tree tsіley" buduєtsya on osnovі koordinatsії tsіley.

The vertical koordinatsіya tsіley daє zmogu uzgodzhuvati nepov'yazanі mіzh him napryamki dіyalnostі that formuvati konkurentnі perevagi vsogo pіdpriєmstva.

Horizontal koordinatsіya zabezpechuє bіlsh efektivnosti vikoristannya virobnichogo potentsіalu that yogo Chastain (napriklad, kvalіfіkovanih kadrіv scho pratsyuyut in rіznih pіdrozdіlah, rіznih vidіv resursіv, tipіzatsії «knowhow» for їh vikoristannya in rіznih napryamkah dіyalnostі, virobnichih bearing-down for bіlshogo їh zavantazhennya s metoyu stvorennya minds for skorochennya vitrat toscho).

Place your klasifіkatsіya Got practicality spryamovanіst, oskіlki for kozhnoї s Pevnyi group tsіley potrіben svіy pіdhіd to pobudovi that analіzu. So, suttєvim Je vibіr metodіv pobudovi "tree tsіley" to scho method "dezagregatsії" can zastosuvati deprivation for formalіzovanih tsіley and "method neobhіdnih minds zabezpechennya" - for vsіh tipіv tsіley (zgіdno s klasifіkatsієyu scho filed in Table 3.2.).

Pobudova "tree tsіley" budyakim method bazuєtsya on such yakostyah tsіley, yak: spіvporyadkovanіst; rozgortuvanіst; spіvvіdnosna vazhlivіst.

Treba zaznachiti takozh, scho at dekompozitsії tsіley nedotsіlno vikoristovuvati odnochasno in that same "derevі tsіley" rіznі methodological navіt todі, if characteristic tsіley tse dozvolyaє. Mozhna pobuduvati two "tree tsіley" EYAD rіznimi methods (meta Yakscho Tse dozvolyaє) and potіm porіvnyati oderzhanі results.

Method dezagregatsії tsіley zastosovuєtsya for formalіzovanih tsіley, SSMSC naychastіshe harakterizuyut really іsnuyuchі ob'єkti abo Ti, scho stvoryuyutsya. Vіn bazuєtsya on system uyavlennі about ob'єkt doslіdzhennya i peredbachaє vikoristannya such understanding:
a) the system (C) Yak tsіlіsny ob'єkt, tobto the General tsіl abo іdealne uyavlennya about those scho treba stvoriti (Figure 3.6 її "0" Items marked with symbol).;

b) pіdsistema (PS) yak Chastina bіlsh zagalnoї systems (Figure 3.6 її Items marked by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4), at yakіy pіdsistemi Je funktsіonalno znachuschimi.;

c) Elements of yak sukupnіst warehouses elementіv pіdsistem (Fig 3.6 Items marked їh figures 1.1 -.. 4.1.5).

Varto zaznachiti scho nizhchі rіvnі other is the "tree tsіley" toil mіstiti osnovnі that alternativnі Elements dosyagnennya tsіley vischogo rіvnya. Purshia rіven tsіley not mіstit alternativnі varіanti and yavlyaє him uzagalnenі vzaєmopov'yazanі pіdsistemi (Fig. 3.7).

Dali pobudovu "i / abo" - "tree tsіley" method dezagregatsії vikonuyut for timey by the rules cutaneous s tsіley podіlyaєtsya on Elements i s for them kozhnoї stvoryuєtsya Alternative Act reasonably complex for їhnogo dosyagnennya.

Fig. 3.7. Pobudova "tsіley tree" method dezagregatsії

Elements of "i / abo", "tree tsіley" Dali is possible not to podіlyati nizhchі rіvnі such vipadkah:

a) Yakscho yelement, yaky analіzuєtsya, bezposeredno not pov'yazany s main systems that are not daє nіchogo tsіnnogo for її funktsіonuvannya;

b) Yakscho yelement scho rozglyadaєtsya, Je trivіalnim that yogo іsnuyuchy varіant vlashtovuє doslіdnika that vikonavtsya.

zabezpechennya neobhіdnih drain method when pobudovі "tree tsіley" can vikoristati for dekompozitsії methylene budyakogo type. The author tsogo pіdhodu Je Glushkov, yaky yogo zastosuvav Vpershe at pobudovі grafіv prognozuvannya rozvitku naukovotehnіchnogo Progreso; potіm brought Bulo, scho i in the method spratsovuє bіlshomu chislі vipadkіv. Schematically method neobhіdnih minds zabezpechennya imposed in Fig. 3.8.

Fig. 3.8. Pobudova "tsіley tree" method zabezpechennya neobhіdnih minds

Method zabezpechennya neobhіdnih peredbachaє minds, scho sformulovana the General meta proponuєtsya EXPERT for analіzu that pobudovi "tsіley tree." Nezalezhnі EXPERT visuvayut vimogi schodo FORMS she minds neobhіdnih for dosyagnennya methylene, proponuyut perelіk otsіnok structuring tsіley and takozh come in to dosyagnennya tsіley.

To conduct budyakih robіt in sotsіalnoekonomіchnіy sistemі, yakoyu Je organіzatsіya chi pіdpriєmstvo, neobhіdno stvoriti pevnі minds, scho th vіdobrazheno in viglyadі tsіley the I rіvnya. Cutaneous the following rіven Je konkretizatsієyu zaznachenih minds have termіnah robіt, napriklad: 1.1 - zaluchennya іnvestitsіy; 1.2 - obsession kreditіv; 2.1 - pridbannya that nalagodzhennya ustatkuvannya; 3.1 - zaluchennya kadrіv pevnoї kvalіfіkatsії; 4.1 - zmіni in strukturі organіzatsії toscho.

Ієrarhіya tsіley daє zmogu vіdpovіsti to food for about vіdpovіdalnіst dosyagnennya rіznih tsіley zavdyaki vstanovlennyu vzaєmozv'yazku mіzh ієrarhіchnimi rіvnyami organіzatsії that tsіlyami.

Dekompozitsіya tsіley method scho rozglyadaєtsya, daє zmogu bring on nizhchih rіvnyah (on 4mu abo 7mu, fallow od skladnostі methylene That system, vіdnosno yakoї Won sformulovana) okremі tsіlі to vikonavtsіv - pіdrozdіlіv abo Posadov osіb. Scale robіt for dosyagnennya okremih tsіley give zmogu viznachiti Quantity i kvalіfіkatsіyu vikonavtsіv and vzaєmozv'yazok mіzh okremimi gіlkami - vstanoviti efektivnosti kooperatsіyu mіzh vikonavtsyami.

Rozrіznyayut normativnі that faktichnі "tree tsіley" organіzatsії. Pershe - Got planned, while others - more precisely harakterizuє camp pіdpriєmstva s point s yell dіyalnostі, yak vono teper vikonuє. Perehіd od factuality to the standard "tree tsіley" Je zavdannyam, yak rozv'yazuє strategіchne upravlіnnya.

Tsіlі viznachayut in kіlkіsnoyakіsnih pokaznikah vnesok to zagalnih rezultatіv, ochіkuvanih od dіyalnostі okremoї virobnichoї chi upravlіnskoї Lanka okremogo manager chi vikonavtsyarobіtnika (fallow od zmіstu konkretnoї methylene she dіyalnostі, yak pov'yazana її dosyagnennyam s).

Tsіlі toil Buti vstanovlenі for skin napryamku dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva for skin virobnichogo pіdrozdіlu, yaky bere fate in dosyagnennі rezultatіv.

Tsіlі pіdpriєmstva - tse opisanі have formal viglyadі mezhі, yakih vono bazhaє dosyagti have Dovgy that korotkostrokovomu perіodі.

Strategіchnі tsіlі pov'yazanі s:

realіzatsієyu napryamkіv dіyalnostі in privablivih Galuzo, їhnoyu kombіnatsієyu;

competitive position in the market analysis that spriymannyam yogo spozhivachami that suspіlstvom;

іnvestitsіynoyu dіyalnіstyu zovnіshnіh іnvestorіv, mіstsem, yak bazhaє zaynyati pіdpriєmstvo on fіnansovomu market analysis;

Especially that vnutrіshnіmi mozhlivostyami pіdpriєmstva zabezpechuvati realіzatsіyu zovnі spryamovanih tsіley.

Strategіchnі tsіlі potrіbno vstanovlyuvati access in all i Lanka napryamkah dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva, od yakih deposits yogo vizhivannya that uspіh.

Sukupnіst tsіley mozhna oharakterizuvati Relief for specific pokaznikіv scho daє zmogu vikonati vimogu vimіryuvanostі. Cutaneous pіdpriєmstvo obiraє that formulyuє svoї tsіlі and takozh formuє system pokaznikіv for їhnoї characteristics.

Pokazniki, scho in zagalnomu perelіku mozhut vіdbivati ​​tsіlі organіzatsії, naychastіshe zgrupovanі such rank:

1) zagalnoekonomіchnі tsіlі: rіven pributkіv; rіven rentabelnostі (rozrahovany for rіznimi techniques); rіchny prirіst pributku; rіchny prirіst income in rozrahunku one common aktsіyu toscho;

2) marketingovі tsіlі: zagalny obsyag sale; chastka market analysis, scho yogo obslugovuє FIRMA; prirіst obsyagіv sale; prirіst chastki market analysis; rіven zabezpechenostі resources; rіven tsіn;

3) tsіlі virobnitstva: scale virobnitstva that dinamіka growth; rіven vitrat; Dolan vartіst that її dinamіka; rіven virobnitstva of Quality; uprovadzhennya novih metodіv virobnitstva; rіven diversifіkatsії; rіven efektivnostі toscho;

4) fіnansovі tsіlі: mіnіmіzatsіya podatkovih "Presa"; fіnansova stabіlnіst; optimal structure kapіtalu; dinamіka obіgovostі kapіtalu; Cena aktsії that rіven divіdendіv; prirіst іnvestitsіy that іn .;

5) naukovotehnologіchnі tsіlі: tehnologіchny rіven; rozrobka novih i produktіv tehnologіy; pridbannya patentіv i lіtsenzіy; adaptatsіya «knowhow» to drain virobnitstva toscho;

6) kadrovі tsіlі: Optimal rіven chiselnostі that structure personnel; rіven kvalіfіkatsії personnel; rozvitok recruitment system, transoms, pіdvischennya kvalіfіkatsії that perekvalіfіkatsії; rіven produktivnostі pratsі toscho;

7) organіzatsіynoupravlіnskі tsіlі: uprovadzhennya efektivnosti tehnologіy upravlіnnya; optimіzatsіya hours Specifications for rіshen of acceptance; uprovadzhennya efektivnosti metodіv organіzatsії virobnitstva that upravlіnnya toscho.

table 3.3

TSІLOVІ ORІЄNTIRI RІZNIH GROUP AKTSІONERІV schodo DІYALNOSTІ AKTSІONERNOGO TOVARISTVA [38]

Fallow od obranih klasifіkatsіynih Find our іsnuvatimut i rіznomanіtnі perelіki th pokaznikіv structure scho vikoristovuyutsya for inventory tsіley.

Aktsіonerіv role in AT rіznih tipіv same type: stink Yea Laws vlasnika pіdpriєmstva, zabezpechuyut їh kapіtalom, rozrahovuyuchi on pevnі pributki on svoї kapіtalovkladennya. Aktsіoneri otrimuyut Income EYAD ways: 1) in viglyadі divіdendіv; 2) od otsіnki nayavnogo kapіtalu pіdpriєmstva on market analysis, yaky virazhaєtsya in kursovіy vartostі aktsіy.

W metoyu zadovolennya іnteresіv aktsіonerіv bіlshіst AT vstanovlyuє yak bunt Meta rozvitku maksimіzatsіyu DOBROBUT aktsіonerіv scho vіdobrazhaєtsya in pokazniku ROI (Prybutok / іnvestitsії). Tsey pokaznik Je dosit obgruntovanoyu zagalnoyu characteristics efektivnostі dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva zagalom, oskіlki svіdchit about nayavnіst rozvitku prospects. Practice zarubіzhnih korporatsіy svіdchit scho Visokiy rіven pokaznika ROI zumovlyuє zrostannya popitu on aktsії. Popit on aktsії pіdvischuє їhnyu tsіnu, tobto Je rinkovoyu otsіnkoyu vartostі kapіtalu pіdpriєmstva.

However, ROI is not Mauger Buti єdinim pokaznikom scho Yea tsіlovim orієntirom rozvitku pіdpriєmstva. W one side, then Je Pevnyi rizik zahopitisya hibnoyu upravlіnskoyu practice maksimіzatsії ROI from korotkostrokovomu perіodі. Tse Mauger proyavitis in ekonomії "nesuttєvih vitrat" ​​on NDDKR, marketing, dovgostrokovі projection rіznogo toscho type. Zavdyaki tsomu "Flow ROI» zrostatime, ale "Advanced ROI» opinyaєtsya in nebezpetsі through vіdsutnіst potentsіalu іnnovatsіy, knowledge of market analysis that іn. Sogodennі "income" in aktsіonerіv maybutnomu obertayutsya on zbitki. G od metoyu Zahist such rozvitku podіy P. Drucker i slit Ponad 25 rokіv to dovіv neobhіdnіst іsnuvannya dodatkovih to ROI tsіley, SSMSC b urіvnovazhuvali briefly that dovgostrokovі orієntiri pіdpriєmstva. Until such tsіley (for Drucker, "drugoryadnih") nalezhat: chastka market analysis, rіven іnnovatsіy, produktivnіst, zabezpechenіst materіalnimi that fіnansovimi resources rіven upravlіnskoї dіyalnostі that rozvitok, yakіst vikonannya rіshen i yakіst vzaєmovіdnosin, sotsіalna vіdpovіdalnіst. Tsі tsіlі in deyakih vipadkah at Dumka P. Drucker, on Pevnyi Etap rozvitku pіdpriєmstva takі vazhlivі Well, yak i mіsіya.

In rinkovіy ekonomіtsі dovgostrokova pributkovіst Je bezperechnim Jerel іnvestitsіy scho zabezpechuyut zhittєzdatnіst i rozvitok fіrmi; zvazhayuchi on tse mozhna spodіvatisya on dosyagnennya іnshih tsіley pіdpriєmstva. Je Pong ways vikonannya mіsії that dopomagayut sformuvati strategії. So, pіdpriєmstvo Mauger viznachiti for themselves s and Meta Buti Persha chi on other cutaneous segmentі market analysis, de vono konkuruє. Todі tse znayde virazhennya in Pevnyi naborі strategіy, SSMSC stvoryuvatimut rinkove lіdiruvannya instead orієntatsіyu on Pevnyi rinkovu nіshu. However, it had not been viewed yakoyu mіsіya pіdpriєmstva, OOO All abo bіlshіst tsіley pіdpriєmstva spryamovanі to one: maksimіzatsіya DOBROBUT vlasnikіv pіdpriєmstva - odnoosіbnogo chi Collective (in addition chislі, aktsіonerіv).