Groshovo-credit systems for foreign banks - Ivanov VM

Theme 5. GREEN-CREDIT SYSTEM USA

Beginning of the middle of the XX century. The US regiment is encouraged to pay a penny to the budget for the budget for the taxpayer's subordination to the meti-loan, which is the capital of the country. Groshovo-kreditna polichika viznacha sopryamvannya credit, nayavnіst groshe ta shvidkіst penny ogigu, and budgetary polity poligae at rozpodilі vitrat ta zabezpechennі nadohodzhennya podatkiv. Naprikіntsі 60 rokіv ekonomіsti zaprovadili in obіg termіn "Exact nalagodzhennya" for the aforesaid temple rіvnya maysternostі, dosyagnutogo them upravlіnnі ekonomіkoyu that realіzatsії virіshalnih ekonomіchnih zavdan Kraina. Prote prodomoznіst "exactly nalagoditi" economics vyyavilasya іlyuzornoyu. Inflation in the 70-s rock has crossed two-valued quantities. I hocha on the ears of the 80's rock'n'17 vdalosya priborki, the deficit of the state budget has been shaken immensely. Razglyanemo the role of the monetary and credit policy of the US budget, її is strong and weak, it has no money and credit systems.

5.1. Гроші в економіці США

Кількість грошей в економіці країни - вирішальний чинник, що впливає на рівень цін, швидкість економічного розвитку та рівень зайнятості. Groshi є ekvivalnatom, a kind of people priymayut in obmin on vlasy product chi iggi; Stink takozh є odnitseyu rozraunkiv, if you want to know about tsini chi burgi. Until then, the igth of the wiggly maya ta tinnyh metalov zaoshchadzhuyut for maybutnі purchases.

At the XVIII century. A penny on the American continent was regulated by English legislation and obedience to the money in the middle of the earth. In 1785 r. The Congress of the USA having bungled the national dolar to the national scale (perebuvaє in obygu z 1786 р.).

Grosh at the US vypusayut at forms of coins and paperovyh denominations. With the federal law, the Ministry of Finance of the United States and the Federal Reserve can prepare the US currency. Міністерство фінансів карбує монети, а Federal reserve system at once with Міністерством фінансів vypuschayut kozhny okremiy type paperovih groshen vіdpіїdno to the US dollar bill that the Fed's note. On banknotes of the United States, you can find an office for the devis of the state: "Mi is in God in God."

Monet vypuskayutsya at kolkok nominaly vidpovidno up to Ёх вартості: "пнні", пo one cent, - one honeycomb dolar; "Нікель", abo п'ять центів, - п'ять сотих долара; "Daim", abo 10 cents, - ten hundred sotih dolara; "Shtvertka", abo 25 cents, is the fourth part of the dollar; A coin of 50 cents, a povdolar, a coin in one dollar.

Paperovi groschi , scho to be drunk with the United States, stock up in Mayge viklychno from the Fed's notes, which vypuchayut 12 regional reserve banks in the Fed. Ці купюри друкуться номіналом 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 that 100 dollars. Until 1946 p. The federal reserve banks have issued such a bill of worth 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 dollars. (For the US interlaces, I do not get paid for the payroll).

Міністерство фінансів випускає сьогодні лише one type of pappered pennies - kupeyry vartіstyu 100 dale. Yak on the banknotes of the Spotlights of the State, and on banknotes of the Federal Reserve System, it is possible to enforce the letters of the Ministry of Finance and the US Skarabnik.

The United States prodazhajuyut in obіg paperovі groynі znoviami elements zahistu. So, the new banknote nominee has been uninstalled for $ 50. Yak-100 i dolarovі banknotes vprovadzhenі in 1996 p., 50-novі dolarovі bills postupovo vitіsnyatimut zrazka old bills, SSMSC nadhoditimut іz depositary SET to the Fed minutes will be de zamіnenі on novі.

Behind the words kerіvnika Fed A. Grіnspena, "US nіkoli not vvazhali nedіysnoyu currency, yak is staying in obіgu not zbirayutsya tsogo Robit i ninі. Starі banknotes not anulovuvatimutsya i do not znetsіnyuvatimutsya US currency pishayutsya svoєyu i tsіnuvatimut її zavzhdi, nezvazhayuchi on dovgotrivalіst perebuvannya її In the Obu ".

The ointment of the groschen masi be-as the edge of the zomovleniya vibrobitntsvom of the unvoiced goods is disposed by decree. With the help of goods, groscheny spirayutsya on tsinnny metal, peredusim for gold і srіbl.

Yaksho u kraїnі vikoristovuytsya commodity groshi, the value of groshovoi masi in obygu viznachayut vartitstju vibrobitvtva to the goods and tempo vibrobitvtva. Naprikinsky XIX - on the cobble of the XX century. The US currency was grounded on the gold standard, then the US gave a guarantee, but to redeem its currency for replacing the gold.

Natomist "decretion" does not melt obschektivnosti tsinosti. Wants to mend the price is more than that, people are interested in being viscous. Shchob polishshit podatnnist such pennies, the unit can moggle its currency by legal means of payment, and tse znacha, scho on vimogu law gromadyani povinni priimati grooshi ikh nomenalnoyu vartіstyu. Sogodny from the US, the system of decrepit pennies is to be viscous, and the penniless mass in the country is controlled by the national detachment through the central bank of the krai - the Federal Reserve System. The US currency is legally payable.

Вім, penny masa in the United States is not to be depreciated in coins and pennies. Deposit zekovih rahunkiv takozh vvazhayutsya riznovidom groschen, oskkilki people vitrachayut їх. In fact, three supplements to all payments by the US are checked by checks. If the commercial banks give poses, they can stowout the checks and deposits, piling poschalnikovi dodatkovy credit for yogo deposit rahunok. Federal Reserve kontrolyuє processes stvorennya pennies for Relief backup vimog, tobto rules zgіdno s yakimi komertsіynі banks povinnі zberіgati Chastain pennies in Vlasnyi skhovischah abo in deposits at the Federal Reserve bankіv pevnіy mіnіmalnіy proportsії vіdpovіdno to svoїh deposit pasivіv. Kontrolyuchi reserve masu dolariv, FRS control in such a way dolarovyi otsyag bankovskikh posk.

Economize vimiryuyut groszu mas kilkom ways zalozhno vid type active. One of these methods is the deposit in all rahunks, but it is possible to bring in interest percentages, yakimi can be crooked by yak checklists. Інший спосіб вклює ощадні рахунки, які not possible використовувати for неаноної paying for purchases, bank loans vimagayut otchasno povіdomlyati about znyattya groshe z rahunku.

If you decide to pay a penny, people will be able to make more vitality, and then they will drink on the comrades and servants.

At підвищенні попиту підприємства нанимаю додаткових працівників для збільшення випуску продукції. This is a model of economical zrostania. Alya yakshchio vibrobnitsvto not vstigae for popitom, tsini pidvishchuyutsya. У разі постійного зростання цін настає інфляція. Tse mozhe postaviti at skrutne ostanovsche people, get some not zlіlshuyutsya such at a rapid pace, як інфляція. Pokazniki penny-eyed masi USA for 10 rock is induced in Table. 4.

Peddlers of the United States of America

Table 4 billion dollars.

Pokaznik

1980 p.

1983 p.

1987 p.

1990 p.

Наявні гроші

116.7

148.3

193.2

232

M1

414.9

526.9

750.9

795

M2

1632.6

2184.6

2862,1

3232

In Table. 5 there were shown the demonstrators of the grooms' masi and the activists for the chest 1991-1995.

Table 5

Groshova Masa ta likvіdny activa in the US billion dollars

Pokaznik

1991 p.

1992 p.

1993 p.

1994 p.

1995 p.

Наявні гроші

267.4

292.8

322.1

354.5

370.5

M1

897.3

1024.4

1128.6

1148.0

1129.8

M2

3547.9

3515.3

3583.6

3616.9

3755.1

M3

4176.0

4182.9

4242.3

4304.1

4548.2

Spokterіgaєtsja shvidke zrostanja grosovih aggregatіv M, scho mіstjat vysokolіkvіdnі kombinatі zobov'yаnya, yakі easily peretvoyuyutsya in active groshni. Tse svyadchit about pogromadzhenya u gospodarstvi US velichnogo іnflyatsіynogo potentsialu, yak mozhe pіdіrvati stabilnіst of a penny's edge.