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Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

6.7. Viznachennya maximum pributku. Neyavnі vitrati

Zdіysneny analіz spіvvіdnoshennya "factor-product" for yakogo "factor" rozglyadaєtsya yak rіznovid zmіnnih vitrat, daє mozhlivіst zrobiti printsipovy visnovok: pіdpriєmstvo Mauger mіnyati tactics fallow od postavlenoї methylene i stage zabezpechenostі zmіnnim resource and the Same:

1. For obmezhenogo zmіnnogo resource neobhіdny i yaky Mauger Buti efektivnosti vikoristany on rіznih virobnitstvah (napriklad, mіneralnі th organіchnі dobriva) pіdpriєmstvu dotsіlno virobnicho spozhivati ​​Tsei resource on such virobnitstvah obmezhenih in doses not vihodyachi s pershoї Zoni in yakіy dosyagayutsya vischі Tempi growth boundary (marginal) product porіvnyano s pace boundary (marginal) resource.

2. Yakscho pіdpriєmstvo put sobі for Meta obsession maximum pributku on odinitsyu zmіnnih vitrat, over stabіlnih tsіn vkazana meta dosyagaєtsya in tochtsі maximum serednogo product.

3. Maximum Prybutok hectare posіvu culture abo on his head thinness vіdpovіdaє tochtsі in yakіy vartіst marginal product dorіvnyuє vartostі dodatkovih cost resource. Same in tsіy tochtsі dosyagaєtsya naybіlshe values ​​rіznitsі mіzh Povny penny income (vartіst viroblenoї produktsії) i Povny zmіnnimi vitratami (vartіsna otsіnka vitrachenogo resource). Yakscho on grafіku curve Povny product viraziti in groshovіy formі i vodnochase directly lіnієyu vіdobraziti povnі zmіnnі vitrati (Fig. 6.4), the Je mozhlivіst grafіchno viznachiti obsyag zmіnnogo resource for yakogo dosyagaєtsya Maximum Prybutok hectare posіvu (thinness of the head).

Maximum Prybutok hectare posіvu culture (head thinness) dosyagaєtsya for maximum vіddalennya krivoї vartostі Povny zmіnnih vitrat. Draw a vertical lіnіya on vіs abscissa (point K), yak prodovzhennya lіnії maximum vіddalennya vkazuє obsyag on natural resource in odinitsyah vimіru for yakogo dosyagaєtsya Maximum Prybutok.

Slіd zauvazhiti scho viznachennya maximum pributku description of the method vrahovuє vpliv deprivation of zmіnnogo factor for minds, scho INSHI factorization zalishayutsya stabіlnimi. Ale in real virobnitstvі the result vplivaє, yak usually sukupnіst zmіnnih faktorіv scho yogo bezposeredno poznachaєtsya on velichinі (napriklad, vnositi dobriva possible on fonі rіznoї kіlkostі opadіv scho zmіnyuє rіven їh vplivu on vrozhaynіst). Prote Legend not porushuє zagalnoї zakonomіrnostі formuvannya maximum pributku pid vplivom zmіnnih faktorіv-resursіv. Neobhіdno at tsomu deprivation vrahovuvati the printsipovu obstavinu scho rozmіr pributku deposits not tіlki od zmіnnih vitrat and th od postіynih.

Fig. 6.4. Viznachennya obsyagu zmіnnogo resource for yakogo dosyagaєtsya Maximum Prybutok per 1 hectare (1 head thinness) * 1

* 1: {Nakheel lіnії vartostі Povny zmіnnih vitrat to osі abscissa deposits od spіvvіdnoshennya tsіn on produktsіyu i zmіnny resource.}

- Maximum vіddalennya on vertikalі

In rozrahunku hectare posіvu culture abo head thinness scrip postіynih vitrat zalishaєtsya odnakovoyu (Square od rіvnya vrozhaynostі abo produktivnostі). Ale Yakscho obchisliti postіynі vitrati on odinitsyu produktsії, the value of їh іz zbіlshennyam obsyagu virobnitstva poslіdovno zmenshuvatimetsya, scho for stabіlnih tsіn on resources i produktsіyu Veda to zrostannya pributku. Otzhe, the value of the maximum per hectare pributku posіvu abo head thinness formuєtsya pid vplivom nature zmіni vіdnosnoї quantities zmіnnih yak, so i postіynih vitrat. Znayuchi zakonomіrnіst formuvannya krivoї Povny product fallow od poslіdovno INCREASING zmіnnih vitrat (boundary resource), not vazhko peredbachiti scho magnitude Tsikh vitrat on odinitsyu produktsії s pіdvischennyam urozhaynostі (produktivnostі) spochatku znizhuєtsya and potіm through dіyu law spadnoї dohodnostі pochinaє zrostati (Fig. 6.5 ).

Fig. 6.5. Zmіna vitrat on odinitsyu produktsії fallow od obsyagu virobnitstva produktsії per 1 ha posіvu (1 thinness head * 2)

* 2: {Vitrati on odinitsyu produktsії slit nazivayut vіdnosnimi vitratami: vіdnosnі sukupnі, vіdnosnі zmіnnі, vіdnosnі postіynі vitrati.}

1 - curve vіdnosnih sukupnih vitrat (postіynih zmіnnih i);

2 - curve vіdnosnih zmіnnih vitrat;

3 - curve vіdnosnih postіynih vitrat

Zrozumіlo scho rіzny character zmіni vіdnosnoї quantities postіynih i zmіnnih vitrat zumovlyuє i svoєrіdny character zmіni vіdnosnih sukupnih vitrat. Kriva Tsikh vitrat, yak s seen in Fig. 6.5 Zi zrostannyam vrozhaynostі (produktivnostі) spochatku znizhuєtsya shvidshimi pace nіzh vіdnosnі zmіnnі vitrati, ale potіm pochinaє Iti Vgoru. Tacke zrostannya bere y ear tіy tochtsі gross virobnitstva produktsії in yakіy vіdnosne zbіlshennya zmіnnih vitrat perevischuє znizhennya vіdnosnih postіynih vitrat. Maximum Prybutok s posіvu hectare (head thinness) dosyagaєtsya for maximum vіddalennya krivoї vartostі Povny product od lіnії vartostі sukupnih vitrat - postіynih i zmіnnih. Іnshimi words Prybutok zrostatime Doty, docks vartіst growth virobnitstva produktsії perevischuvatime value growth sukupnih vitrat. Maximum Prybutok dosyagaєtsya, if nazvanі gains will odnakovimi. Zvіdsi viplivaє Nadto vazhlivy practice visnovok - Maximum Prybutok s odinitsі ploschі (thinness of the head) is not dosyagaєtsya for mіnіmalnoї sobіvartostі odinitsі produktsії. Zrostannya sobіvartostі Je ekonomіchno vipravdanim to tієї mezhі for yakoyu formuєtsya Maximum Prybutok.

The value pributku mozhna zbіlshiti for rakhunok ratsіonalnogo vikoristannya postіynih yak, so i zmіnnih vitrat. Oskіlki zagalnu value postіynih vitrat zmіniti vazhko then pіdpriєmstvo Mauger zmenshiti її s rozrahunku per hectare on his head i thinness, zbіlshuyuchi (up ratsіonalnih rozmіrіv) posіvnu Area pogolіv'ya chi. Navіt when to train rіvnі vrozhaynostі (produktivnostі) tse generally produces up znizhennya postіynih vitrat on odinitsyu produktsії and otzhe, i to zrostannya pributku for іnshih odnakovih minds. Pіdvischiti efektivnіst zmіnnih vitrat possible for rakhunok kraschoї of Quality Nasinnya, kormіv optimal balansuvannya ratsіonu, dotrimannya optimally strokіv vikonannya tehnologіchnih operatsіy toscho.

Podіl vitrat on postіynі i zmіnnі Got great significance for i analіzu іnshih aspektіv gospodarskoї dіyalnostі of companies, zokrema for viznachennya normalized bezzbitkovostі virobnitstva, rozrahunku obsyagu robіt for yakogo dosyagaєtsya efektivnosti robot vlasnoї tehnіki, formuvannya galuzevoї structuring virobnitstva that іn.

For the correctness of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen potrіbno vrahovuvati so zvanі neyavnі vitrati. For ekonomіchnim zmіstom stink vіdpovіdayut pributku, yaky could gain the b pіdpriєmstvo, vklavshi Ti samі resources (live th urechevlenu Prace, fіnansovі Costa) in the form of alternative dіyalnostі. Yakscho, napriklad, pіdpriєmstvo іnvestuvalo resources from virobnitstvo soї ploschі on 100 hectares, the Yogo neyavnі vitrati stanovitimut pributku the scrip, yak could b pіdpriєmstvo will win, viroschuyuchi on tsіy ploschі yakus іnshu culture. Yakscho neyavnі vitrati menshі for Prybutok, yaky oderzhuє pіdpriєmstvo od soї, the tse oznachaє scho Danian view dіyalnostі vibrany correctly. Pіdpriєmstvo Mauger vibrato th Inshyj Way vikoristannya resursіv, spryamuvavshi їh, napriklad on rozvitok pevnoї the Branch tvarinnitstva have pererobne virobnitstvo toscho. Yak bachimo, іsnuvannya implicitly vitrat vimagaє od of companies detailed vivchennya alternative varіantіv vikoristannya resursіv i s Vibor them naybіlsh efektivnosti.