home Economy Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

14.5. Vlasnyi agrarian kapіtal of companies that їh platospromozhnіst

Vlasnyi kapіtal - tse one s basic kategorіy scho harakterizuє ekonomіchny pіdpriєmstva camp.

Pid Vlasnyi kapіtalom rozumіyut Chastain avansovanogo kapіtalu scho molded for rakhunok rіznih Jerel, Je vlasnіstyu pіdpriєmstva i kіlkіsno viznachaєtsya rіznitsya mіzh yak yogo asset i zobov'yazannyami (pozichkovim kapіtalom) .Chim bіlsha vartіst Vlasnyi kapіtalu, team for іnshih odnakovih minds mіtsnіshy fіnansovy camp pіdpriєmstva Tim bіlshe vono Got pіdstav zvazhitisya on dіlovy rizik, rozrahovuvati at tsomu on obsession kreditіv. Without knowledge of the value Vlasnyi kapіtalu pіdpriєmstva zhoden lender does not Priyma rіshennya about nadannya Yomou poziki navіt have slim rozmіrі.

Vlasnyi kapіtal, vіdpovіdno to P (C) BO 1 "Balance", in Perche vіdobrazhaєtsya rozdіlі pasiv balance rіchnih fіnansovih zvіtіv of companies usіh forms vlasnostі i gospodaryuvannya. Vodnochase here suggestive nastupnі skladovі tsogo kapіtalu:

• Statutory kapіtal - zafіksovana in ustanovchih documents Total value aktivіv, SSMSC Je vneskom vlasnikіv (uchasnikіv) to kapіtalu pіdpriєmstva;
• payovy kapіtal - suma payovih vneskіv chlenіv spіlok that іnshih of companies, scho peredbachena ustanovchimi documents. Tsya warehouses Vlasnyi kapіtalu characteristic of virobnichih sіlskogospodarskih kooperativіv. In danih pіdpriєmstvah Jerel payovogo kapіtalu Je payovі vneski chlenіv i asotsіyovanih chlenіv cooperative;
• dodatkovy vkladeny kapіtal - scrip, yak on vartіst realіzatsії vipuschenih aktsіy perevischuє їh nomіnalnu vartіst. Vіdobrazhaєtsya tsya warehouses Vlasnyi kapіtalu deprivation in zvіtnostі aktsіonernih tovaristv;
• Inshyj dodatkovy kapіtal - tse scrip dootsіnki aktivіv non-negotiable, and takozh vartіst aktivіv, bezkoshtovno otrimanih pіdpriєmstvom od іnshih Yurydychna chi fіzichnih osіb;
• Backing kapіtal - suma rezervіv, stvorenih vіdpovіdno to sedate zakonodavstva abo ustanovchih dokumentіv for rakhunok pributku pіdpriєmstva. Backing kapіtal Je obov'yazkovoyu warehouses Vlasnyi kapіtalu vsіh vidіv gospodarskih tovaristv, SSMSC zgіdno іz Law of Ukraine "About gospodarskі tovaristva" zobov'yazanі stvoryuvati reserve fund. Taqiy fund mozhut stvoryuvati th INSHI tipi of companies. Vikoristovuєtsya backup kapіtal for pokrittya zbitkіv, neperedbachenih vitrat toscho;
• nerozpodіleny Prybutok (nepokrity zbitok) - suma pributku, reіnvestovana in pіdpriєmstvo, abo scrip nepokritogo zbitku. Tse at sutі, Prybutok scho zalishaєtsya pіslya viplati dohodіv vlasnikam (divіdendi) that vіdrahuvan on popovnennya backup kapіtalu * 5. Shcho stosuєtsya nepokritogo zbitku then yogo scrip vіdobrazhaєtsya to bow when she virahovuєtsya viznachennі quantities Vlasnyi kapіtalu;
• * 5: {Slіd zvernuti uwagi on nevdalu titles tsієї skladovoї Vlasnyi kapіtalu. Bіlsh exactly Bulo b її nazvati "reіnvestovany Prybutok."}
• Unpaid kapіtal - tse zaborgovanіst vlasnikіv (uchasnikіv) for vneskami to statutory kapіtalu. Suma takoї zaborgovanostі induced to bow when i virahovuєtsya viznachennі pіdsumku Vlasnyi kapіtalu;
• vilucheny kapіtal - factuality sobіvartіst aktsіy vlasnoї emіsії aktsіonernih tovaristv abo chastok, vikuplenih tovaristvom at Yogo uchasnikіv. Suma viluchenogo kapіtalu induced to bow when i pіdlyagaє virahuvannyu viznachennі quantities Vlasnyi kapіtalu.

Vlasnyi kapіtal, takes time іz zobov'yazannya pіdpriєmstva, dorіvnyuє sumі aktivіv danogo pіdpriєmstva, tobto vivoditsya balance zasobіv, scho in yogo znahodyatsya rozporyadzhennі. Interest spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh okremimi warehouses Vlasnyi kapіtalu nazivayut structures tsogo kapіtalu. When she її viznachennі unpaid vilucheny kapіtal to uwagi not take. Tse Well i stosuєtsya nepokritih zbitkіv.

Yaky concretely ekonomіchny zmіst the category Vlasnyi kapіtalu pіdpriєmstva? Vіdpovіd on tse power obsessively, analіzuyuchi Taqiy butt. Yakscho, skazhіmo, assets Gospodarstwa stanovlyat 2500 tis. UAH, and zagalnі zobov'yazannya - 1100 tis. UAH oznachaє Tse, scho becoming Vlasnyi kapіtal 1400 tis. UAH. Іnshimi words yakbi pіdpriєmstvo sold OAO All svoї assets for vartіstyu, vіdobrazhenoyu in balansі pitched in kіnets zvіtnogo rock i Splat OAO All svoї zobov'yazannya in Demba zalishilosya b 1400 tis. UAH Vlasnyi koshtіv. Chastina Tsikh koshtіv materіalіzovana in the main i Revolving Fund and Chastina znahoditsya in viglyadі penny koshtіv koshtіv i have rozrahunkah. The I yakbi pіdpriєmstvo vikoristalo tsі groshovі Costa on pridbannya, skazhіmo, sіlskogospodarskoї tehnіki, rozmіr Vlasnyi kapіtalu and takozh scrip aktivіv od tsogo not zmіnilisya b. Nabuvaє deprivation Neznachny Change log structural spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh okremimi Some of the elements asset balance. Ale Yakscho pіdpriєmstvo took credit i pridbalo sіlskogospodarsku tehnіku, when tsomu Vlasnyi kapіtal not zmіnitsya, ale vіdbudutsya zmіni in aktivі i pasivі balance - for іnshih odnakovih zrostut minds stink on the value of the loans. Vlasnyi kapіtal pіdpriєmstva zrostaє at zbіlshennі pributku pіdpriєmstva in razі yogo reіnvestuvannya i vikoristannya on popovnennya backup kapіtalu.

Danі about the value Vlasnyi kapіtalu vikoristovuyutsya for viznachennya platospromozhnostі pіdpriєmstva. Formally pіdpriєmstvo mozhna vvazhati platospromozhnim, if sales yogo vsіh aktivіv dozvolyaє rotate OAO All Borg, tobto rozrahuvatisya for vsіma zobov'yazannyami. Zrozumіlo scho bude platospromozhnіshim those pіdpriєmstvo, yak Got bіlshe above zero balance Vlasnyi kapіtalu. Prote Taqiy pіdhіd to otsіnki platospromozhnostі of companies Got іstotnu vada, oskіlki not vrahovuє lіkvіdnіst okremih elementіv avansovanogo kapіtalu, zokrema pose uwagi zalishaєtsya termіn їh sale i mozhlivіst vzagalі such sale. Tom at viznachennі platospromozhnostі pіdpriєmstva vazhlivo proanalіzuvati lіkvіdnіst balance, pid yakoyu rozumіyut mozhlivostі repayment zobov'yazan for rakhunok vіdpovіdnih articles aktivіv pіdpriєmstva, SSMSC toil rіzny stupіn lіkvіdnostі, tobto neodnakovu shvidkіst peretvorennya in gotіvku. Same for CIM kriterієm agrarian assets of companies mozhna zgrupuvati in Vier groupies. Navedemo one s varіantіv such grupuvannya.

1. Assets scho toil instantly (absolute) lіkvіdnіst - Costa groshovі that їh ekvіvalenti.

2. Assets, scho Shvydko realіzuyutsya: potochnі fіnansovі іnvestitsії, aktseptovanі Bank vekselі, depozitnі sertifіkati and takozh zasobi in rozrahunkah - vіdvantazhenі Flea i Realized works, Pay lines yakih not come, іnsha debіtorska zaborgovanіst s temple ymovіrnіstyu Povernennya in termіn 12 mіs. Dachi s balance, tvarini on viroschuvannі i vіdgodіvlі.

3. Assets scho povіlno realіzuyutsya - virobnichі stock, ready Produkciya, Chastina debіtorskoї zaborgovanostі scho Absent visokoї ymovіrnostі repayment i often Mauger Buti styagnuta through arbіtrazhnі that sudovі bodies. Je pіdstavi to include tsієї groupies i Chastain Main zasobіv on SSMSC Je popit that SSMSC shaping can Buti realіzovanimi. Diskusіynim Je power-up in qiu grupu UNFINISHED virobnitstva, Aje vono Mauger Bootie deprivation in realіzovanim skladі tsіlіsnogo Mainova kapіtalu. Tom vipravdano Tsey yelement asset include the following in the fourth grupu.

4. Assets scho vazhko realіzuyutsya - nematerіalnі assets osnovnі zasobi, unfinished budіvnitstvo, unfinished virobnitstvo, dovgostrokova debіtorska zaborgovanіst i dovgostrokovі fіnansovі іnvestitsії.

Vіdpovіdno to such podіlu asset balance zdіysnyuyut podіl on Vier groupies zobov'yazan pіdpriєmstva for kriterієm termіnovostі їh repayment s metoyu zіstavlennya Tsikh group s vіdpovіdnimi їm GROUP Income Statement. On this osnovі zіstavlennya robitsya visnovok lіkvіdnіst about balance, about tobto platospromozhnіst pіdpriєmstva.

Before pershoї groupies vіdnosyat termіnovі zobov'yazannya and the Same: dovgostrokovі loans that poziki not pogashenі in rows and takozh rozrahunki on oplatі pratsі, s budget for that pozabyudzhetnih payments Vidanov bills on strahuvannyu, zaborgovanіst item, the robot i Hotel, oplachenі not in rows.

Before Druha groupies vіdnosyat korotkostrokovі zobov'yazannya, napriklad, korotkostrokovі loans bankіv, korotkostrokovі zaluchenі Costa, Chastina zaborgovanostі on dovgostrokovih pozikah, scho guilty Buti repaid inline rotsі, rozrahunki s creditors for the goods, robots, Hotel, termіn Pay yakih not come. Before tretoї groupies vіdnosyat dovgostrokovі zobov'ya-zannya, zokrema, dovgostrokovі loans bankіv i dovgostrokovі fіnansovі zobov'yazannya (dovgostrokovі zobov'yazannya іz zaluchennyam pozikovih koshtіv (krіm kreditіv) for yakimi viplachuyutsya percent); vіdstrochenі podatkovі zobov'yazannya. Before chetvertoї groupies vіdnosyat postіynі pasiv - dzherela Vlasnyi i prirіvnyanih koshtіv before them.

Over the minds scho vidіlenі groupies aktivіv perevischuyut abo dorіvnyuyut vіdpovіdnim GROUP pasiv balance, vvazhaєtsya scho balance Je lіkvіdnim, tobto pіdpriєmstvo tsіlkom platospromozhne, i navpaki. Yakscho nevіdpovіdnіst vinikla deprivation on okremih GROUP aktivіv i pasivіv then pіdpriєmstvo Je deprivation chastkovo platospromozhnim. All are slіd zaznachiti scho Taqiy pіdhіd to otsіnki plateau spromozhnostі pіdpriєmstva vimagaє zaluchennya pervinnoї Informácie, yak available for zovnіshnіh spozhivachіv - partnerіv pіdpriєmstva, potentsіynih іnvestorіv. Tom is given technique platospromozhnostі vikoristovuvatisya Mauger deprivation managers pіdpriєmstva for tochnoї otsіnki yogo fіnansovo-ekonomіchnogo camp.

In zv'yazku s CIM vinikaє neobhіdnіst in zastosuvannі takoї techniques viznachennya platospromozhnostі pіdpriєmstva, yak bazuvalasya used to vikoristannі dostupnoї for vsіh zovnіshnіh spozhivachіv Informácie. Such іnformatsіya mіstitsya in balansі rіchnih fіnansovih zvіtіv of companies. On її osnovі mozhna viznachiti three vazhlivih pokazniki lіkvіdnostі (platospromozhnostі): koefіtsієnt zagalnoї lіkvіdnostі, koefіtsієnt shvidkoї lіkvіdnostі i koefіtsієnt momentalnoї (absolyutnoї) lіkvіdnostі.

Koefіtsієnt zagalnoї lіkvіdnostі (CPF) viznachaєtsya s virazu:

de OA - oborotnі assets; VMP - vitrati maybutnіh perіodіv; PP - potochnі zobov'yazannya; DMP - Income maybutnіh perіodіv.

Permission to use the power of formulating chiselnik vitrat maybutnіh perіodіv vimagaє Pevnyi clarification. Nagadaєmo, scho in skladі vitrat maybutnіh perіodіv vіdobrazhayutsya vitrati, SSMSC Mali Location protyagom stream chi poperednіh perіodіv, ale vіdnosyatsya to maybutnіh zvіtnih perіodіv. Meta zdіysnennya such vitrat (avansovі platezhі for produktsіyu, robots Hotel) - otrimati revenues in maybutnomu. Zrozumіlo scho vkazanі vitrati zberіgayut Costa of companies against the stench mozhut mother rіznu lіkvіdnіst. When rozrahunku koefіtsієnta CPF at skladі VMP dotsіlno Bulo b zalishiti the Chastain vitrat maybutnіh perіodіv, yak bude splachena protyagom rock Dachi s skladannya balance. Zrozumіlo scho Rasht vitrat maybutnіh perіodіv, revenues od yakih perevischuyut termіn 12 mіs. s Dachi skladannya balance to uwagi not povinnі brother. Ale dwellers practical realіzuvati Tsey pіdhіd, potrіbna Pervin іnformatsіya. Tom for zovnіshnіh koristuvachіv at rozrahunku koefіtsієnta CPF vitrati maybutnіh perіodіv dotsіlno brother in Povny obsyazі.

Prior warehouse dohodіv maybutnіh perіodіv vklyuchayutsya income stream otrimanі protyagom abo poperednіh zvіtnih perіodіv, SSMSC nalezhat to the following zvіtnih perіodіv. Maєtsya on uvazі scho pіdpriєmstvo groshі od partnerіv already gained, ale on kіnets rock tsі groshі not zaroblenі slit. Tom pіdpriєmstvu in maybutnomu perіodі potrіbno Bude incur vіdpovіdnі vitrati (Nadachi Hotel, postaviti produktsіyu toscho). Yak bachimo, income maybutnіh perіodіv - tse zobov'yazannya pіdpriєmstva. Pevnyi їh Chastina Mauger Buti naybіlsh termіnovimi zobov'yazannyami, Yakscho "zarobiti" tsі Income potrіbno protyagom operatsіynogo pіdpriєmstva cycle, and if Tsey cycle becomes less then 12 mіs., Then protyagom rock, pochinayuchi s Dachi skladannya balance. Same nature of such revenues potrіbno borrow up uwagi at rozrahunku koefіtsієnta CPF. Prote Tse takozh vimagaє vikoristannya pervinnoї Informácie, yak available zovnіshnіm spozhivacham. Tom for such spozhivachіv DMP picks Povny obsyazі.

Koefіtsієnt shvidkoї lіkvіdnostі (Kshl) rozrahovuєtsya of the formula:

de FOR - Inventories * 6. Zauvazhennya, vikladenі stosovno elementіv VMP i DMP at obґruntuvannі koefіtsієnta CPF potrіbno borrow up uwagi i at rozrahunku koefіtsієnta shvidkoї lіkvіdnostі.

* 6: {agrarian of companies - for young viklyuchennyam tvarin i tvarin on vіdgodіvlі, SSMSC in Danian hour Je lіkvіdnim resource.}

Yak can be seen s formulas reserves viklyuchayutsya s precisely aktivіv, oskіlki vvazhayutsya naymensh lіkvіdnimi in skladі Tsikh aktivіv through neviznacheny termіn їh realіzatsії i neviznacheny obsyag vitrat at їh zberіgannі i sell out. Dotsіlno takozh, dwellers in skladі werewolf aktivіv vrahovuvalasya deprivation that debіtorska zaborgovanіst, yak bude repaid protyagom operatsіynogo cycle pіdpriєmstva (chi yak less then 12 mіs. Dati skladannya s balance sheet). Ale oskіlki such іnformatsіya in balansі vіdsutnya, then zovnіshnіh spozhivachіv debіtorska zaborgovanіst in skladі werewolf aktivіv vіdobrazhaєtsya for pure realіzatsіynoyu vartіstyu.

Koefіtsієnt momentalnoї (absolyutnoї) lіkvіdnostі (KML) viznachaєtsya s virazu:

de GC - Costa groshovі that їh ekvіvalenti in natsіonalnіy that іnozemnіy valyutі. Danian koefіtsієnt pokazuє in yakіy mіrі korotkostrokovі zobov'yazannya shaping can Buti pogashenі visokolіkvіdnimi assets characteristic risami yakih Je mіnіmalny termіn scho potrіbny to repay them potochnoї zaborgovanostі (particle termіn can take on rіvnі strokіv zdіysnennya penny perekazіv banks - less then abo shіst dnіv).

Yakscho factual values ​​rozglyanutih koefіtsієntіv lіkvіdnostі bіlshe for їh criticality value (vіdpovіdno 1.0 0.5 i 0.2), then pіdpriєmstvo vvazhaєtsya platospromozhnim. Optimal value Tsikh koefіtsієntіv becoming vіdpovіdno 2; I 0.8-1 0.5-0.6.

For otsіnki platospromozhnostі pіdpriєmstva vazhlivo viznachiti yogo Vlasnyi werewolf (robochem) kapіtal. For tsogo potrіbno od werewolf aktivіv vіdnyati potochnі zobov'yazannya. Yogo nayavnіst Je neobhіdnoyu minds zabezpechennya bezupinnostі virobnitstva i svoєchasnoї Splat precisely zobov'yazan. Tom denote Vishcha chastka Vlasnyi working kapіtalu in zagalnіy velichinі kapіtalu working, team maintained upstream of odnakovih іnshih minds fіnansovy pіdpriєmstva camp. Ti pіdpriєmstva in yakih vіdsutnіy Vlasnyi werewolf kapіtal abo yogo value of Neznachny pіddayutsya great riziku torn down normalnoї Robot i riziku bankrutstva through digit obtyazhenіst borgovimi zobov'yazannyami.