The economics of agrarian applications - Andriychuk V.G.

19.5. Біологічний we strain the scientific and technical progress

Біологічний напрям НТП ґрунтується на новітніх досягненнях сучасної біології. The main storehouses of the biologic NTP line are shown in Fig. 19.1.

The main warehouses of the biologic NTP

Fig. 19.1. The main warehouses of the biologic NTP

Alternative to the method of hiccuping roslin in the shkidnikiv і zborob є їh bіlogogichny zahist for the attachement of the entomophagi and the entomopathogenies . Нині найбільшого використання nabuv such an entomophage, yak trichogram. Її засосування на озимій пшеницыі protivomovki zabezpechuє (for giving science and dostlovnih mortgage) an increase in yield of 1.6-2 c / ha, on kukurudzi protivstelovogo blizzard - by 1,8-2,3, for cabbage protivovki i bilyanki - On 20-30, on the mountain protivotki and fuselage - by 1.3-1.8, on the bouillards of the protivomi and the meadow snowstorm - by 15-20 c / ha.

Especially the high-tech economy can reach the zastosuvannі biologicheskogo method zahistu Roslin y zakrimomu ґruntі, scho is a uniquely ecologic mezhdonechne, in yakomu for dopomogoju ts'ogo method, you can look at the way in which the otrotohimikativ zastosuvannya. And tse is very important, it's okay to cook vegetables in a warm vigiless without a heat-box. The most popular schools in greenhouses are bilokrilka and pavutinii klіsch, and їх natural entomophages - відповідно енкарзія і кліщ фітосейулюс. Larvae enkarzіy live tilki eggs, vіdkladenimi bіlokrilkoju, and кліщ фітосейулюс поїдає виключно павутинний кліщ. There, de tsentomofagi are present in a sufficient populjacii, bilokrilki and pavutin klischa practically no big deal.

Kozhne teplichne gosartarstvo dlya rozvedennya enkarzіі i fіtoseiulyusa povinne mati spetsial'ny biolaboratorii, vitrati na utriannya yakih vidnosjat to zmіnnih vitrat. Efektivnist tsyogo bіomeodu manifested for a couple straight:

  • Zmenshuyutsya vitrati on Borotby z cimi shkіdnikami in 8-10 razivnya porevnyano z vitratami on pridbannya Otrotohimikatіv i їh podenennya (for one turn, peppered with pesticides 15-20 times for the name of the biology of the biolistic zahistu);
  • The productivity of vegetables is limited to 20-50%.

At kartoplyarnstі naybіlsh bolyuchoyu problemy є borotba with such griznim shkіdnikom, yak koloradsky beetle. Borotba with him vimagayot great vitrat otrotohimikativ, kostyv na ix prigbanda i izvestennya. Alle vzhe teper tsi vitrati can speedy by 60-70% zavdyaki zastosuvannu bakterialnogo drug bіtoksiatsilіnu. It is important takozh, scho in the Ukraine and in the Ukraine (imported from abroad and adapted), the entomophage of the Colorado beetle sub-species and perillus.

The important thing is the biology of the biologic strains of the NTP, the principle of the principles of the new varieties and gibrids, the genius and the tvarin, the high level of productivity, the productivity of the productive forces, the pervasive stykist up to the striking appearances of the middle peasants - the drywall, the horsemeat, the worms, the supernumerary ringing. Such a potential crop yield is imparted by the stewardship of the widow of traditional methods of selection, and such is the way in which the method of biotechnology is applied in genetically and clinically important ways in traditional ways of selection. For the remainder of the rock in our new state, there is a new generation of high-yielding adaptations to natural-climatic minds of regents of different cultures. The average of them is the variety of winter wheat "Harus", which is very stiff to unpleasant factors and difficulties to form a crop of 100 centners / hectare and more; Sort the peas Kharkivsky amberniy ta Kharkivsky 302, yakі є stіykimi up to vilyagannya і mozhut bezposerednyo zbiratisya combine without scowling in the rolls; Sort the barley of "Fenix" and "Dzherelo", the hibiscus to the honeysuckle "Khortytsya", "Adams", "Tisa".

The essence of genealogical research in fields in the direct transference of foreign genetic material in the cliche of Roslin and Tvarin, and that of stitched spontaneous mutations. Виведені трансгенні сорти мають низку цінних знак: стійкість до шкідників, wholesome, вірусів і бактерій; Стійкість до сух і підвищеної засоленості грунту; The ability to produce cholovochosteril forms of Roslin; Більш збалансований warehouse of amino acids; Вміст крохмалю із assigning the fiziko-хімічними authority; Variabelnist fatty acids, zlyadyki chomu sta ekonomichno vigіdnym vikoristovuvaty oliyni kul'turi vibrobnitsva diesel bliw. On the other hand, the yield of the transgenic stiyc to the virus tyutyunu is 5-7% and, in addition, yogo virochuvannya gave the zmogu vidmovitisya for 2-3 occasions obpriskuvannya pesticides. At virochuvanni stiykih before bugatoh shkіdnikіv transgenic varieties bavovniku type Bulgaria (mitsna korobochka) 60% of farmers in the United States were posted in the Vicariness of Insektitsidiv, sifted zashosovavala їh lishe once, then yik with virochuvanny traditional varieties bavovniku potrybno obpriskuvati іnsektikatsami 4-6 raziv. Already otrimany sort the bavovnik iz from blocking the fiber, be-yak koloru. By genetically engineered method in the United States, it is tranquil and transmitted from the vibrobytwo gibbridi kukurudzi, stiiki to pochkodzhen by European stems with a snowstorm, that sort of cardboard group "Novy List", which is not scratched by the Colorado beetle. Nin is driven by a robot along the line of transgenic roslin, yakis were used to process photosynthesis of organochinic rechovins, attachments for viribnitsa plastmas, but can be rooted in microorganisms.

Already the transgenic (tobto bearing alien gene) sylskogosodarsky tvarini - pigi, vivtsi, kroli. The problem of securing such creatures is foldable і up to the end of the day, not watering, to water the future, to stop the disease, to create the creature with a high energy growth, podvizhchenuyu fertility, building efektivnis zasvoyuvati fodder і давати більше продукції.

Vidatnim досягненням генної інженерії є стренн тварин using the clown method (Angliya, 2000 р.). Tse dosyagnennya vidkryvaє before the people kolosalnі mozlovistі, ale vodnochas vono, yak i dyssyagnenya genenoї іnzhenerії in рослинництві, сприймається человеством разнозначно, оскільки не до кінця вивчені віддаленііллідки від practical зашосування результатів цих досягнень. Same on this aspect of the problems of flaring out the concentrated concentration of genetic genetics.

Practical zastosuvannya nabuv such method biotechnology , yak transplantation embrionii and zigot for prikorenogo oprenaniya high-yield tvarin. Істотні досягнення біотехнології є у ​​ветеринарії. For the supplementary method of genetic classification of genetic disorders for viyavlennya, likuvannya ta proizolaktiki such grave animals, yak FMD, rhinotracheitis, leukemia. Same in veterinary medicine in the biotechnology, one of the most valuable.

For the addiction of genetically engineered strains of microorganisms, how to produce the actions of uninhabited amino acids. Be guided by roboty vivennenya strains, scho ентенсифікують process of etching food with organisms tvarin, and takozh strains, scho produkuyut hormone growth. Застосування останнього підвищує приріст живої масиigh рогототої іnbіby on perishchuvannі th vіdodіivlі on 10-15%.

In 2000-2002 the rivers. Prikorenogo rozvitku nabula taka lanka biologicheskogo strains NTP, yak strenennya bіostimulyatorіv to growth and rozvitku roslin і tvarin. Видатні досягнення тут здобуті українськими вченими Інституту біоорганічної хімії та нафтохімії НАН України, яким вдалося створити екологічно безпечні біостимулятори рослин нового покоління. Вони вищі за класом від усіх досі існуючих, оскільки діють на клітинному рівні. Zastosuvannya Tsikh bіostimulyatorіv daє zmogu pіdvischuvati vrozhay 10-25% skorotiti termіn dozrіvannya, zmenshiti in Roslyn vmіst nіtratіv i vazhkih metalіv, zbіlshiti nutritive tsіnnіst produktsії, zmenshiti vihіd nekonditsії, pіdvischiti zahisnі vlastivostі Roslyn, їh stіykіst to zahvoryuvan, stresіv, sprichinenih nespriyatlivimi Weather In the minds. Tse allow up to 20% to 30% increase in the number of pesticides.

In the rest of the rock (2000-2002), the naiobshilshogo poshirennya nabuv biodimuljatoru growth of the natural march Yemistim S. Yogo oderzhuyut shlyuchnogo kul'tivuvannya mikroskopichennyh mushroom iz korinnya zhen-shenyu that oblipihi, pid yak yogo yyuzlyuetsya unikalny complex rostovikh rechovin. Tse biostimulyator efektivno stimuljute rist і rozvitok practically all sylskogoospodarskih cultures. On the other hand, shoveling Emistimu S on the znachnyh plots of winter wheat in vibrobricheskih ubevchy zabezpechuє pri rist is harvested from 3.9 to 5.1 c / ha on the background to finish the harvesting rate of 42-51 c / ha.

Застосування біостимулятора Потейтіну в Житомирській області забезпечило додаткове the bulb of 50 centners / hectare, the prochomu in the bulb bulos at 30% less than nitrates and 30% less than radionuclides. Vodnochas vmist krohmalju in them zrіs.

Rozglyanuti bіostimulyatori, and takozh takі biostimulyatori, yak agrostimulіn, betastimulіn, zeastimulіn, іvіn і not lіshe ekologіchno bezpechnymi, and thіn low-titrated - potrіbіnno deprived 10-15 ml preparation for the obtobki 1 t nasіnnya abo 5-10 ml for obpriskuvannya 1 ha posіvіv. Biostimulyatori - tse one of the cardinal shlyahіv zlіlshennya vibrobitvtva. For its own hedge, the dose of regulators is pririvnyuyut up to the day of mineral fertilizing on the river 25 kg NPK dichycho rechovini. For giving the official state of "Tuchinsky" Rіvnenskoi state-owned sіl'skogoospodarskoi дослідної станції, 1 UAH vitrite on the biostimulyatori growth roslin poveratetsya dodatkovoi productov vartіstyu 18-20 grn.

For the remainder of the rock in Ukraine, nabuvae poshirennya such a kind of biotechnology, yak vermiculture - promislova vibrobnitvu humus whitewash, sho soil on vicarious doshchovyh cherv'yakiv chervonoi populyatsії, vivedenih at Kalifornii (USA) and prednatnih to promyslovogo rozvedennya. Дощові черв'яки мають лише ім притаманну властивість - утворювати, меліорувати і стровати ґрунт. The stench itself was created by the Chornozem, і for perekonannya pupils, їh nayavnіst is guilty of seeing out yak test of "health" ґruntu. Проте слід пам'ятати, що дощові черв'яки дуже чутливі до антогіноної діяльності people - ущільнення ґрунту під дією важкої техніки, приисення пестицидів і добрив, especially amіаchnії селітри і сульфата аmonію. Same through tse in bagaat land plots doshchov cherv'yaki povnistyu abo zajniki zander, zhrunt became "dead" through the weakenedness of the zoofauni, yak stae nesprozmozhnoyu pererobiti organichnu rechovinu to humus. For such encircles on the Czich lands, the inscription of pus is filled with low-effective. To that very obvious importance and necessity for the humification of humus for the dostigomu doshchovikh cherv'yakiv, put on the basis of promyslovu.

Unikalnim є te, scho cherv'yaky zdatnі peretravlyuvati organichnu masu, and tse nadto is important for utilizatsii gnoyevyh stokіv great tvarinnitskikh kompleks, in addition number pigish. Vony takozh peretravlyuyut straw, leaf, tirsu, communal viddy otschinnih sporud mist, viddy m'yasokombinativ tochno. For giving doslovnikiv, pererobivshi 1 t organichnoe rechovini, kalifornyyskі cherv'yaki stvoiiyut 600 kg humus і, rozmnozhuyuchis, give 100 kg bіomasi, yaka і vysokokalornym bilkovym fodder for tvarin. The contents of the biodiesel in 15-20 times are effective for the health of the body, the building of the building, the "death" of the building, the municipality, all the necessary for the growth of life in the balanced form, and the higher vow in the form of a building up to 70% of the water. It is important that those who live rechovini bіogumusu resichinelyuyu resichinyayutsya, and that do not vimivayutsya zrantu.

The technology of viroblnitsva bіogumusu is not foldable. Can vikoristovuvatisya zakriti primischennya, just the sky in gnoevyh burtakh tochno. Economical efficiency of such a vibrobitveve is a prism of the temple. Здійснювати омоложення ґрунту біогумусом раз у чтори роки - гарантія одержання високих іжжаїв сільськогосподарських культур.

Існують й інші складові біологічного strains НТП, наприклад, створення безвідходної технології в промисловому птахівництві.