Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

23.2. Ekonomichna kontsentratsіya ta Zahist ekonomіchnoї konkurentsії

For rinkovoї Economy, krіm resursnoї, pritamanna th Ekonomichna kontsentratsіya, pid yakoyu rozumіyut real mozhlivіst zdіysnennya virіshalnogo vplivu odnієї abo dekіlkoh pov'yazanih Yurydychna (fіzichnih) osіb on gospodarsku dіyalnіst іnshih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya chi їh Chastain.

Ekonomichna kontsentratsіya sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya such Shlyakhov:

  • bezposerednіm abo oposeredkovanim pridbannyam chi nabuttyam in vlasnіst chastok aktsіy (paїv), scho abo zabezpechuє obsession perevischennya 25 Chi 50% golosіv in vischomu organі upravlіnnya vіdpovіdnogo sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya;
  • bezposerednіm abo oposeredkovanim pridbannyam chi nabuttyam in vlasnіst in іnshih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya tsіlіsnogo Mainova complex structured abo pіdrozdіlu;
  • obsession in upravlіnnya, Orenda, lіzing, kontsesіyu chi nabuttyam in Inshyj sposіb right koristuvannya assets in viglyadі tsіlіsnogo Mainova complex structured abo pіdrozdіlu іnshogo sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya;
  • otrimannyam EYAD abo bіlshe sub'єktami gospodaryuvannya new sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya, yaky hour trivaly samostіyno zdіysnyuvatime gospodarsku dіyalnіst їh pid control;
  • obrannyam abo priznachennyam on Posada kerіvnika, patron kerіvnika sposterezhnoї sake pravlіnnya, іnshogo vikonavchogo chi naglyadovogo body sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya individuals, yak vzhe obіymaє one chi kіlka planted in the name of іnshih sub'єktah gospodaryuvannya;
  • stvorennyam takoї upravlіnskoї kolіzії for yakoї bіlsha half Posad chlenіv sposterezhnoї sake pravlіnnya, іnshih naglyadovih chi chi vikonavchih organіv dvoh bіlshe sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya obіymayut odnі i Ti w individuals;
  • stvorennyam that dіyalnіstyu ob'єdnan sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya scho prizvodyat to anticompetitive uzgodzhuvalnih Act reasonably.

Law of Ukraine "About Zahist ekonomіchnoї konkurentsії" (sіchen 2001 p.) Peredbacheno zdіysnennya control over kontsentratsієyu sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya, yak formuєtsya, krіm zaznachenih shlyahіv ekonomіchnoї kontsentratsії, i zavdyaki zlittyu sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya that priєdnannya one sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya іnshim. Yak bachimo, there kontsentratsіya traktuєtsya in bіlsh wide planі, nіzh rozglyanutі us Resource kontsentratsіya that Ekonomichna kontsentratsіya.

For svoєyu Sutta tse - resource-Ekonomichna kontsentratsіya, tsіlova funktsіya yakoї polyagaє in oznachennі such sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya, SSMSC zaymayut monopoly (domіnuyuche) camp on market analysis. Vіdpovіdno to zgadanogo law sub'єktom gospodaryuvannya scho zaymaє monopoly (domіnuyuche) camp on the market analysis, viznaєtsya Taqiy sub'єkt have yakogo on tsomu market analysis Absent zhodnogo competitor abo not yaky zaznaє znachnoї konkurentsії vnaslіdok obmezhenostі mozhlivostey access to rinok іnshih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya . In rezultatі zdіysnennya resource-ekonomіchnoї kontsentratsії okremі sub'єkti gospodaryuvannya mozhut zaymati digit chastku in Rinku Pevnyi product. In tsomu razі s metoyu Zahist ekonomіchnoї konkurentsії monopoly vvazhaєtsya encampment i such sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya, chastka yakogo on market analysis tovarіv perevischuє 35% (for minds, Yakscho vіn not communicated, scho zaznaє znachnoї konkurentsії). Sub'єkt gospodaryuvannya Mauger Buti yak viznanim Taqiy, scho zaymaє monopoly (domіnuyuche) camp on market analysis navіt todі, if yogo chastka at the market goods becomes less then 35 i vіdsotkіv, ale Yakscho vіn not zaznaє znachnoї konkurentsії through nevelikі chastki in market analysis, SSMSC zaymayut INSHI competitors.

Monopoly (domіnuyuche) camp on market analysis Mauger Buti viznano i stosovno skin s dekіlkoh sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya for minds, scho sukupna chastka on product market analysis is not bіlshe nіzh troh such sub'єktіv perevischuє 50% when i tsomu stink zaymayut Pershi three Georeferencing on market analysis tsogo product for їh іndivіdualnoyu chastkoyu. Tse Well i stosuєtsya vipadku, if sukupna chastka to Rinku not bіlshe p'yati sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya perevischuє 70% i stink at tsomu not finish, scho mіzh them іsnuє konkurentsіya.

Proti sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya scho zaymayut monopoly (domіnuyuche) camp on the market analysis, porushuєtsya right about nedotrimannya zakonodavstva about Zahist ekonomіchnoї konkurentsії. For results її rozglyadu Antimonopoly komіtetom Ukraine Mauger Buti priynyato rіshennya about primusovy podіl such sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya, nakladannya shtrafіv, blokuvannya tsіnnih paperіv toscho. Neobhіdno pam'yatati takozh, scho for Pevnyi obstavin sub'єkti gospodaryuvannya zobov'yazanі brati dozvіl in Antimonopoly komіtetі on zdіysnennya resource-ekonomіchnoї kontsentratsії. Zokrema, tse stosuєtsya vipadku, if sukupna vartіst aktivіv abo sukupny obsyag realіzatsії tovarіv uchasnikіv kontsentratsії for ostannіy fіnansovy Year, in addition chislі i behind a cordon, perevischuє bag of 12 million EURO including i at tsomu vartіst (sukupna vartіst) aktivіv abo obsyag realіzatsії produktsії, in addition chislі behind a cordon, not less then yak at dvoh uchasnikіv kontsentratsії perevischuє scrip, ekvіvalentnu 1 million EURO including. Tse Well stosuєtsya vipadku, if vartіst aktivіv abo obsyag realіzatsії tovarіv in Ukraїnі Hoca used in one participant kontsentratsії perevischuє scrip, ekvіvalentnu 1 million EURO including, of course viznachenu Natsіonalnogo Bank of Ukraine, in scho dіyav ostannіy day fіnansovogo rock.

Krіm rozglyanutih vidіv kontsentratsії, valued for іnteres of companies predstavlyaє kontsentratsіya okremih trademark rinkіv s point Zora stage їh monopolіzovanostі. Chim vischy vіn, team vazhche virobnikovі uvіyti in Danian rinok s Vlasnyi product, team skladnіshe zdіysnyuvati Vlasnyi tsіnovu polіtiku, i navpaki.

In svіtovіy praktitsі rіven kontsentratsії vіdpovіdnogo commodity market analysis for viznachaєtsya dekіlkoma pokaznikami: koefіtsієntom kontsentratsії, koefіtsієntom Herfіndelya-Hіrshmana, koefіtsієntami Dzhinі that Rosenbluth. Naybіlsh available for rozrahunku Sered them Je koefіtsієnti kontsentratsії i Herfіndelya-Hіrshmana. Purshia s them harakterizuє chastku sukupnih sales Pevnyi product, scho pripadaє 4, 8, 20, 50-lіderіv of companies. Іsnuyut takozh rekomendatsії, dwellers Taku chastku viznachati in іnshіy poslіdovnostі, napriklad 3.6, 10 i, etc.

Koefіtsієnt Herfіndelya-Hіrshmana (Kxx) viznachaєtsya of the formula:

Koefіtsієnt Herfіndelya-Hіrshmana

de S2ai - chastka market analysis in the i-th sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya; n - Quantity sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya.

Over the minds chistoї monopolії Danian koefіtsієnt dorіvnyuє 1 abo ten tisyach, if frequency is taken in vkazana vіdsotkah. Chim bіlshe absolute value danogo koefіtsієnta, team monopolіzovanіshy rinok, i navpaki. In the minds mіnіmalnoї kontsentratsії values ​​koefіtsієnta becoming 1 / n, 10000 abo / n.

Іz techniques viznachennya koefіtsієnta Herfіndelya-Hіrshmana viplivaє, scho in nomu vіdobrazhayutsya vіdmіnnostі mіzh pіdpriєmstvami obsyagah in the sale of goods and takozh Quantity of companies themselves yak sub'єktіv danogo market analysis. Tse daє zmogu zdіysnyuvati analіz dinamіki kontsentratsії product market analysis, viznachati її tendentsіyu i Robit obґruntovanіshі visnovki schodo prospects zmіtsnennya pozitsії pіdpriєmstvom danomu on market analysis.