Legal Encyclopedia. The letter M

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

- A set of organizational structures, methods, techniques and methods of monitoring the state of the environment, the changes taking place in it, and their consequences, as well as potentially harmful to the environment, human health and the territory controlled activities, industrial and other objects.

State monitoring of the environment carried out in accordance with the RF legislation and the legislation of subjects of the Russian Federation with a view to:

1) monitoring the state of the environment, including environmental impacts of anthropogenic sources in the areas of location, and the impact of these sources on the environment;

2) to ensure the needs of the state, businesses and individuals in the accurate information needed to prevent and (or) reduce the adverse effects of environmental change.

Information on the state of the environment, it is modified, resulting in the implementation of state monitoring of the environment (State ME), used by public authorities of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of RF subjects, local authorities to develop forecasts of socio-economic development and decision-making , the development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection target programs of the RF subjects and activities to protect the environment.

1) global monitoring, which is carried out in accordance with international agreements, monitoring stations, which are located at different points of the earth, through the exchange received various states of data and to monitor the state of the environment taking place in it changes, including climate change, creating a system of data dissemination, the forecast of development of properties of the environment and their effects on humans; 2) National - ME, which is carried out by individual States within their territories. This type of monitoring is subdivided into radiation, integrated, background, space, as well as on the state monitoring of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone;

3) Regional - ME is the state of the environment observation system within the administrative-territorial unit or a separate part of such a unit or parts of several RF subjects, characterized by common natural processes or exposed to human impact from the same source;

4) local ME carried out on the isolated production facility, lawful object of nature, a separate section of territory, permanently or temporarily have a special legal status;

5) the background ME - monitoring the phenomena and processes that occur in the environment, minimally affected by human intervention, carried out stations located in biosphere reserves; 6) IMPACT ME - variety of sources Observing System of human impact on the environment in specially designated zones in which the activities associated with increased environmental risks;

7) social and hygienic ME -State system of observations, analysis, evaluation and forecast of the state of health of the population and the human environment, as well as determining the cause and sledstvennyhsvyazey between the state of health of the population and the impact of environmental factors;

8) monitoring of water bodies - the system of regular observations of hydrological and hydro-geological and hydro-geochemical indicators of their state, ensuring the collection, transmission and processing of information received with a view to the timely identification of negative processes, forecasting their development, prevent harmful effects and to determine the effectiveness of implemented water conservation measures;

9) land monitoring - system of basic, recurrent and operational observations of the state of the land; 10) monitoring of wildlife-system of regular observations of the distribution, population size, the physical condition of objects of fauna, structure, quality and area of ​​their habitat;

11) air monitoring-system monitoring the air quality, the quantity and composition it contains harmful substances and have an anthropogenic impact by emissions from stationary and mobile sources;

12) forest monitoring - a system of observations, evaluation and forecast of the state and dynamics of forest fund with a view to public administration in the area of ​​use, preservation, protection of forest fund and reproduction of forests and increase of their ecological functions;

13) radiation monitoring is carried out of the Unified State automated system of control of the radiation situation on the territory of the Russian Federation with a view to determining the level of radioactivity of habitat-forming elements of ionizing radiation, the amount and composition of radioactive fallout.