home Political economy Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

1. Teoretichnі dzherela zahіdnoєvropeyskogo utopіchnogo sotsіalіzmu

Utopіchnі іdeї toil tisyacholіtnyu іstorіyu. In dosit viraznіy formі stink predstavlenі in relіgіynih scientists, from Plato vikladenі "Polіteyї" is the "law" de vіn opisuє model іdealnoї powers, pobudovanoї on suspіlnomu іnteresі that rіvnostі. Іdeї hristiyanskogo komunіzmu, zasnovanogo on the principles that rіvnostі suspіlnokorisnoї pratsі described in novozavіtnіy knizhtsі "Dіyannya apostolіv".

In pіznomu serednovіchchі (XVI-XVIII Art.) In ekonomіchnіy dumtsі Zahіdnoї Єvropi vіdbuvayutsya suttєvі zmіni, porodzhenі rozvitkom virobnitstva manufactory. Velikі geografіchnі vіdkrittya, pograbuvannya kolonіy priskorili processes nagromadzhennya kapіtalu, zooms Shvidky sotsіalne rozsharuvannya suspіlstva. At Qiu Dobou Especially expired stayut іdeї "fair" polіtichnogo, ekonomіchnogo that sotsіalnogo arrange suspіlstva - sotsіalіstichnі utopії.

One s nayvidatnіshih predstavnikіv utopіchnogo sotsіalіzmu CCB Thomas More (1478-1532), vidatny mislitel-gumanіst, polіtichny dіyach Anglії Dobie Tyudorіv, scho LUVs stracheny for opozitsіyu absolutism. Sin Bhagat suddі i own lawyer for osvіtoyu, Mor obіymav visokі derzhavnі Posada, ale i spіvchuvav bіdnim bachiv nedoskonalіst togochasnogo suspіlnogo arrange.

1516 rock Mor opublіkuvav his famous book "Utopіya" has acted as de Yak one іz Perche kritikіv kapіtalіzmu. In Process pervіsnogo nagromadzhennya kapіtalu vіn bachiv pershoosnovu vsіh suspіlnih superechnostey, maynovoї nerіvnostі, vistupav proti privatnoї vlasnostі.

Yomou nalezhit model just suspіlstva, pobudovanogo on suspіlnіy vlasnostі, zrіvnyalnomu rozpodіlі benefits for Rozumny require planning and organіzovanіy i obov'yazkovіy for vsіh pratsі, suspіlnomu kontrolі, rіvnostі. Upravlіnnya in such suspіlstvі zdіysnyuєtsya obranimi people predstavnikami.

Rannі іdeї utopіchnogo sotsіalіzmu podіlyav іtalіysky mislitel Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), vihodets іz bіdnoї selyanskoї Rodin, monk domіnіkanets one іz lіderіv Borotba for zvіlnennya Іtalії od gnіtu іspanskoї monarhії.

Campanella blizko 30 rokіv prosidіv in v'yaznitsі de th writing svіy Celebrities tvіr "Misto Sontsya" (1623). In nomu vіn proponuє project іdealnoї utopіchnoї powers - Mista Sontsya. In osnovі tsієї powers vіn bachit zagalnonarodnu vlasnіst am Main (krіm іndivіdualnogo Zhytlo) that Gospodarstwa natural type. Yogo suspіlstvo - tse conglomerate sіlskogospodarskih community to the robot yakih in zaluchayutsya OAO All gromadyani. Suspіlno korisna Prace Je obov'yazkovoyu vsіh for gromadyan, zabezpechuєtsya їhnoyu temple svіdomіstyu not potrebuyuchi dodatkovih stimulіv. Same zavdyaki tsomu zlidnі bude peremozheno. Spozhivannya in takіy derzhavі bude takozh suspіlnim, vihodyachi s needed. Vіdnosini mіzh gruntuvatimutsya people on the principles of friendship, vzaєmorozumіnnya, tovariskogo spіvrobіtnitstva.

Ni Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella ni not put sobі zavdannya Way to Know pobudovi such suspіlstva. Pong obmezhuvalis by tіlki inventory utopіchnoї s powers nezvichaynim ustroєm, їhnі utopії boule bіlshe polіtichnimi nіzh ekonomіchnimi. Ale stink obidva not bachili in "fair" suspіlstvі Georeferencing for privatnoї vlasnostі, Prace in nomu Je zagalnoobov'yazkovoyu and rozpodіl - zrіvnyalnim.

In utopіchnih іdeyah anglіytsya Gerard Vіnstenlі, vikladenih him at knizі "law of liberty" (. Other half of the sixteenth century art), z'yavlyayutsya novі motive - іdetsya about "ekonomіchnoї principle of freedom." Author zahischaє Private vlasnіst, uvazhayuchi, scho cause adverse yavisch in suspіlstvі Je neekvіvalentny obmіn. Vіn proponuє pozbutis torgіvtsіv, zdіysnyuyuchi natural obmіn i rozpodіl pid control suspіlstva.

"Code of Nature" Morellі pobudovano on klyuchovіy doktrinі Enforced. Enforced Got Booty spryamovane proti privatnoї vlasnostі, ekonomіchnih stimulіv. That hto zavazhaє znischennyu privatnoї vlasnostі itself Got Booty znischeny. Stvorennya "suspіlstva spravedlivostі" despotic Shlyakhov oznachaє Morellі vіdnovlennya have become natural speech.

Utopіchnі іdeї todі Well Bulo aprobovano on praktitsі, zokrema in Paragvaї (HVІI article.) Blizko 30 rokіv іsnuvala komunіstichna Power єzuїtіv, yak zreshtoyu rozpalasya through vіdsutnіst stimulіv to pratsі.

"Justice suspіlstvo" rіznі authoritarian bachili in rіznomu, ale vzhe in tsіlomu todі okreslyuyutsya pevnі "obov'yazkovі" RISS sotsіalіstichnogo suspіlstva, SSMSC boule rozvinenі Zgoda poslіdovnikami utopіy.