home Political economy Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

1. Zapochatkuvannya Sistemi natsіonalnoї polіtichnoї ekonomії in Nіmechchinі

Zittau XIX century. - Tse Krajina, scho s skladalasya polіtichno th ekonomіchno vіdosoblenih powers ob'єdnanih in konfederatsіyu for natsіonalnoyu acquaint themselves. Їhnya Ekonomichna vіdosoblenіst bazuvalas on feudal vіdnosinah, nerozvinenіy іndustrії, polіtichnomu protiborstvі that derzhavnіy reglamentatsії vsіh areas ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі.

Chi is not naynaochnіshoyu Find our vіdstalostі Nіmechchini (i vazhlivim chinnikom takoї vіdstalostі) Bulo іsnuvannya Mitnija kordonіv mіzh okremimi konfederatsії powers. In samіy tіlki Prussії іsnuvalo mayzhe 70 rіznih trading tarifіv.

Tsіkavo scho tsі mitnі pereshkodi not stosuvalis vіdnosin s powers for mezhami zovnіshnіh kordonіv Nіmechchini. Nіmetskі powers zakrivali svoї Cordoni tіlki one for odnoї, to іndustrіalno rozvinena Anglіya for short hour spromoglasya zapoloniti svoїmi cheap goods all Nіmechchinu, zavdavshi Skoda її torgіvlі that nerozvinutіy іsche promislovostі. Neobhіdna Bula negayna Mitnija reform. Її Bulo conducted in 1818 p., If Prussіya target Vlasnyi trading ob'єdnannya, lіkvіduvavshi vnutrіshnі mitnі Cordoni i skasuvavshi OAO All mitnі podatki, SSMSC pereshkodzhali vіlnomu imported sirovini, that vstanovivshi nevisoke Mito on imported tovarіv manufactory.

Tsya reform small pevnі pozitivnі naslіdki, ale not polіpshila will nіmetskoї Economy in tsіlomu. Stavan all ochevidnіshim scho chastkove reformuvannya trade and ekonomіchnih vіdnosin not virіshuє suspіlstva problems. Neobhіdnoyu polіtika bula, yak b minds target for vіlnogo ekonomіchnogo rozvitku vsіh nіmetskih powers.

At the hour vzhe Zittau small davnі traditsії іstoriko-fіlosofskih doslіdzhen, ale zovsіm not Provadia sistemnі ekonomіko-teoretichnі doslіdzhennya.

Poshirennya іdey pobudovi єdinoї mogutnoї nіmetskoї powers, scho pereduvalo zarodzhennyu natsіonalnoї ekonomіchnoї teorії in Nіmechchinі, dіstalo titles "romantic Ruhu". Romanticism bazuvavsya on vchennі fіlosofa th іstorika Іmmanuїla Kant (1724-1804), yaky nagoloshuvav on znachennі moral law, moral samoviznachennya i th stverdzhuvav, scho power іsnuє for zabezpechennya rozkvіtu natsії. Lyudin target for suspіlstva instead suspіlstvo for Helsinki Human. Freedom, Happiness mozhut rіvnіst i Buti deprivation zabezpechenі powers th Collective will.

Digit vnesok in rozvitok romanticism Zroby fіlosof-sub'єktivіst Fіhte Johan (1762-1814), at the center of Svoge yaky putting vchennya Lyudin, kritikuyuchi Smіta for those scho ostannіy Basics vsogo bachit bagatstvo deprivation. For Fіhte Power - Natural yavische and її Zakoni Je deprivation virazhennyam natural'll talk. Lyudin - tse member suspіlnoї asotsіatsії before yakoyu Won Got pevnі zobov'yazannya. Power is neutral to іndivіdualnih іnteresіv and that Mauger svіdomo spryamovuvati th zabezpechuvati rozvitok suspіlstva.

Yogo poslіdovnik Adam Muller (1779-1829) Dear, scho power itself formuє іdeologіyu, zgіdno s Got yakoyu rozvivatisya suspіlstvo. Vaughn stvoryuє minds kotrі spriyayut ekonomіchnomu rozvitku th protsvіtannyu natsії. Mueller zaperechuvav protistoyannya ekonomіchnih іnteresіv in suspіlstvі th viznavav deprivation supernitstvo іnteresіv rіznih natsіy. Vіn zaznachav scho zahoplennya unіversalnimi kosmopolіtichnimi schemes generally produces up іgnoruvannya natsіonalnih Especially, natsіonalnih іnteresіv that prіoritetіv.

Teorії predstavnikіv romanticism Mali gruntovny sotsіalno-fіlosofsky character, ale not proponuvali sposobіv virіshennya problems ekonomіchnogo rozvitku.

Naukova obgruntovana Ekonomichna teorіya, spryamovana proti klasychnoji doctrine vinikla in Nіmechchinі small i great uspіh not deprivation on batkіvschinі and second in the United States. Її osnovnі fun- pobudovano on fіlosofії, yak not viznavala іdey nevtruchannya powers have privatnі right, printsipіv іndivіdualіzmu that kosmopolіtizmu. Vaughan put natsіonalnu іdeyu in opozitsіyu to іndivіdualnih іnteresіv. The author novoї teoretichnoї Sistemi CCB Frіdrіh Lіst.

Frіdrіh Lіst (1789-1846) at narodivsya Vyurtemberzі de zdobuv Pochatkova osvіtu. At 17 rokіv CCB priznacheny on Posada sluzhbovtsya Tyubіngenskogo fіlіalu Vyurtemberzkogo Bureau. There sluhay lektsії in mіstsevomu unіversitetі. Yogo Perche Naukova Prace Bulo prisvyacheno problemі vikladannya in unіversitetі rate mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya. The arguments were directed from the scho tsіy pratsі, boules nastіlki vagomі scho Lіst otrimav priznachennya on Posada keruyuchogo cope i polіtikoyu Tyubіngena and takozh becoming professor Tyubіngenskogo unіversitetu.

Lіst viznaє lіberalnі іdeї in tіy їhnіy chastinі scho stosuєtsya rozvitku kapіtalіstichnoї promislovostі, i zaklikaє to reform pereshkodoyu for yakih on yogo Dumka, Je vnutrіshnya Mitnija polіtika Nіmechchini.

1819 p. pid kerіvnitstvom Frіdrіha Lіsta in Frankfurtі Bulo zasnovano "The General asotsіatsіyu nіmetskih promislovtsіv i komersantіv" for vplivu on Confederate Uryadov. Sam vіn zvertaєtsya s petitsіyami uryadіv to Munich, Stuttgart, Berlіna, Vіdnya, drukuє stattі newspapers іz zaklikami to lіberalnih reforms. Pіslya obrannya the Chamber of Deputies from 1820 Vyurtemberzkih shtatіv p. dosit rіzko kritikuє reaktsіyny Uryadov Kraina for bezdіyalnіst.

Propaguvannya him lіberalnih, reformіstskih іdey ekonomіchnogo ob'єdnannya Nіmechchini put yogo in opozitsіyu to Uryadov i was the reason that zvіlnennya s plant a polіtichnih pereslіduvan. Vіn CCB zmusheny zalishiti Nіmechchinu alive in Frantsії, Anglії, Shveytsarії. Pіslya Povernennya on batkіvschinu yogo Bulo zaareshtovano. Pіslya vіdbuttya retribution Lіsta visilayut іz Kraina, i 1825 p. vіn viїzdit to America.

In Ameritsі Lіst CCB farmer pіdpriєmtsem, editor of the newspaper, in scho nіy drukuvav svoї stattі ekonomіchnі on those. DILA yogo yshli dosit uspіshno, ale in 1832 p., If Derzhavna Vlad zmіnila svoї polіtichnі that ekonomіchnі look, Lіsta znov requested to Nіmechchini. Krajina todі vzhe bula on porozі Mitnija ob'єdnannya for yak Lіst borovsya protyagom 13 rokіv yak i 1834 p. It was realnіstyu.

At sorry yogo spіvvіtchizniki not Daruwala Yomou kolishnogo lіberalіzmu not pіdtrimali yogo Borotba for ob'єdnannya Nіmechchini not povіrili in zaproponovanі him reform. Vіn znovu opinivsya in vignannі i pіslya new Povernennya on batkіvschinu vkorotiv sobі vіku. Yak tse often buvaє, pіslya smertі to Frіdrіha Lіsta priyshlo velichezne viznannya: vіn becoming (posthumously), Doctor of Science, yogo іm'yam nazivali vulitsі that navchalnі mortgage on yogo Bulo honor sporudzheno monument in kіlkoh nіmetskih mіstah.

Main Praca Frіdrіha Lіsta Je written him at Parizhі book "Natsionalna system polіtichnoї ekonomії, mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі, trade polіtika th nіmetsky Mitnija Union" (1841), scho vvіbrala OAO All іdeї, vikladenі him at bezlіchі pamfletіv that article. Qiu book spryamovano on Zahist protektsіonіzmu yak obov'yazkovoї minds of becoming ekonomіchnoї mogutnostі natsії.