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Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Revolyutsіyne narodnitstvo

In revolyutsіynomu narodnitstvі іsnuvali three rіznі techії, SSMSC ocholyuvali P. Lavrov, P. Tkachov i M. Bakunіn.

Petro Lavrovich Lavrov (1823-1900) - one s provіdnih іdeologіv narodnitstva, fіlosof, sotsіolog, ekonomіst mathematician. Vіn zakіnchiv Peterburzke artilerіyske school i vikladav mathematics at vіyskovih The Teaching mortgages. 1868 rock for their suspіlnu dіyalnіst CCB zaareshtovany i have vislany Vologodsku gubernіyu.

Same in zaslannі Lavrov writing znamenitі "Іstorichnі leaves" (1868-1869), SSMSC drukuvalis in the "Week" i became revolyutsіonerіv policy paper 70 pp. For Relief G.Lopatіna Lavrov utіk іz zaslannya i viїhav across the border, de poznayomivsya s i Engelsom Marx. During cordon rozpochav Vidanov magazine "Forward", yaky vіdіgrav vazhlivu role in propagandі sotsіalіstichnih іdey in Russie.

Lavrov i yogo poslіdovniki (so zvanі lavristi) boule prihilnikami sotsіalіstichnoї revolyutsії, yak zdіysnit people selyanstvo, kerovane revolyutsіynoyu іntelіgentsієyu. Pіdgotovka revolyutsії peredbachala trivalu propaganda іdey sotsіalіzmu in narodі.

Location digit in Prace Lavrov prisvyachuєtsya ekonomіchnim power, SSMSC ohoplyuyut OAO All third-party suspіlno-ekonomіchnogo Zhittya togochasnoї Russie. Sche to the reform Lavrov wrote about a grave, bezpravne encampment selyanstva against yogo Look at the problem zvіlnennya selyanstva boule dosit pomіrkovanimi. Bіlsh poslіdovno vіn acted as s criticism of the reforms, yak yogo to look, "not zvіlnila povnіstyu villagers." Lavrov GOSTR kritikuvav autocracy i yogo ekonomіchnu polіtiku.

In pitannі about the role of community Look Lavrov nezmіnnimi not boule. At 70 pp. vіn rozglyadav community yak minds transition to sotsіalіzmu, yak basis pobudovi maybutnogo sotsіalіstichnogo suspіlstva. Sposterіgayuchi processes rozkladu community i zarodzhennya kapіtalіstichnih vіdnosin Lavrov harakterizuє yogo yak ear pіdgotovki co-tsіalnogo coup. On Location kapіtalіstichnogo fret vіn wrote, Come robochem sotsіalіzm * 13. Robochem sotsіalіzm for laurel, through the transfer of zdіysnyuvatimetsya zemlі Selyanske communities and Promyslova of companies - robіtnikam. By Tim bude lіkvіdovano Private vlasnіst i ekspluatatsіyu Helsinki Human Lyudin. Otzhe, mainly vimogoyu Lavrov vvazhav zamіnu privatnoї vlasnostі suspіlnoyu.

* 13: {Div .: Zh. "Forward". - 1876. - № 27. - S. 65.}

At the Praca 90 pp. Lavrov doslіdzhuє rіznі Etap rozvitku maybutnogo sotsіalіstichnogo suspіlstva. Pid vplivom Marx analіzuє kategorіyu "perehіdnogo hour" to sotsіalіzmu and takozh rozkrivaє zavdannya "bіlsh vіddalenogo perіodu". Against the project sotsіalnoї revolyutsії, rozrobleny Lavrov obmezhuvavsya deprivation zagalnimi vimogami revolyutsії bourgeois demokratichnoї.

Michael Oleksandrovych Bakunіn (1814-1876) - vihodets іz dvoryanskoї sіm'ї. 1840 rock viїhav for cordon de vklyuchivsya in revolyutsіynu dіyalnіst. In іstorії revolyutsіynogo Ruhu Zahіdnoї Єvropi vіn vіdomy yak anarhіst. Anarhіzm i narodnitstvo - blizkі іdeologії against not totozhnі.

Spodіvannya Bakunіna on negaynu sotsіalnu revolyutsіyu, yogo zakliki to molodі "Iti to the people" i ocholiti selyanskі riots bu-li spriynyatі Chastain narodnikіv, SSMSC s gordіstyu nazivali currently anarhіstami. In іstorії narodnitskogo Ruhu Tsey eg call bakunіzmom.

Bakunіn vvazhav scho rosіysky people - "Rebel od nature." Revolyutsіynіst people and otzhe th neminuchіst sotsіalnoї revolyutsії, vіn zv'yazuvav Zi zlidennim pitched Where Money Does perebuvav people and takozh іz yogo vіroyu to the right to land. Bakunіn CCB unreconciled opponent krіpatstva.

The reform of 1861 p. not zadovolnila Yogo, vіn nazivaє її deception, to scho Won not let people spravzhnoї Svobody i Primus splachuvati velikі vikupnі platezhі.

Acted as Bakunіn i s Criticism kapіtalіzmu. Vіn zasudzhuє apologetics kapіtalіzmu in burzhuaznіy lіteraturі pіdkreslyuє th yogo s phone reception poperednіmi ekspluatatorskimi virobnitstva ways. Kapіtalіzm Bakunіn rozglyadaє yak nova form ekspluatatsії, yak zmіnyuє lishe their titles porіvnyano s poperednіmi forms - slavery i krіposnitstvom. Kritikuyuchi kapіtalіzm, Bakunіn bunt uwagi zvertaє criticism of "bourgeois poryadkіv" and not on the nature of ekonomіchnih vіdnosin.

Robіtnikіv vіn nazivav "Clean sotsіalіstami" i vvazhav scho polіtichna Borotba їm not tіlki not potrіbna and second shkіdliva, Won serve deprivation іnteresam burzhuazії. Robіtnikam vistachatime Borotba on gruntі "ekonomіchnih іnteresіv". Prote Bakunіn pіdkreslyuvav neprimirennіst klasovih superechnostey kapіtalіzmu i prirechenіst burzhuazії.

Bakunіn i yogo poslіdovniki vistupali proti powers i propaguvali іdeyu vіlnoї federatsії robіtnichih asotsіatsіy i zemlerobskih communities, osnovі yakoї lay b absolute freedom of the individual (right up to the right to amoralnіst, parasitism, lіnoschі toscho). Ekonomіchnu basis maybutnoї vіlnoї asotsіatsії bakunіsti vbachali in peredachі vsієї zemlі zemlerobskim communities i vsіh zasobіv virobnitstva - robіtnichim asotsіatsіyam.

1876 ​​p. vinikla narodnitska organіzatsіya "Land and Liberty", has been viewed programa yakoї bakunіstskoyu. On Purshia plan tsієyu Programs visuvalos agrarian power on vіdmіnu od Zahіdnoї Europe de bunt vvazhalos power factory.

"Hodіnnya to the people," Where Money Does fate took lavristi i, i bakunіsti, arrogant nevdachі. Selanne not spriynyali narodnitskih іdey, їh hvilyuvali problemi i bezzemellya podatkіv temple. For Tsikh minds becoming rozkol "Zemlі i Volya" to "Narodnaya Volya" i "Chorniy peredіl". Chornoperedіltsі on cholі s Plekhanov prodovzhili traditsії "Zemlі i Volya" and narodovoltsі steel Way Teror.

Petro Mikitovich Tkachov (1844-1885) i yogo prihilniki vvazhali metoyu Borotba dosyagnennya "folk іdealіv" tobto "Selyanske sotsіalіzmu". Virіshiti qiu problem mali samі revolyutsіoneri, knocked tsarsky Uryadov i zahopivshi Vlad. OOO Russian Federation, at Dumka Tkachova ready to sotsіalіstichnoї revolyutsії, oskіlki not Got kapіtalu i burzhuazії. Sama has acted to vіn s teorієyu negaynogo zahoplennya polіtichnoї Vladi "revolyutsіynoyu menshіstyu" Shlyakhov zmovi * 14.

* 14: {Div .: PN Tkachev revolutionary propaganda tasks in Russia. - London, 1874. - P. 16.}

Tkachov bagato uwagi pridіlyaє doslіdzhennyu ekonomіchnih Russie problems. In statte "Produktivnі Sealy Russie", "Draw Statistichnі Russie" she іnshih weavers at great randomness materіalі analіzuє ekonomіchny Kraina camp, pіdkreslyuє scho їy pritamanny nizky rіven productive forces have zemlerobstvі, vіdsutnіst ratsіonalnogo gospodaryuvannya. Usa Tse robit vіn visnovok, Je proof nespromozhnostі іsnuyuchoї system. Zmіniti situatsіyu th polіpshiti encampment selyanstva Tkachov vvazhaє mozhlivim, peretvorivshi villager іz "a farmer" to "zemlevlasnika". Otzhe one s yogo software vimog polyagala in lіkvіdatsії pomіschitskogo zemlevolodіnnya i peredachі zemlі in vlasnіst villagers.

Viznavav Tkachov i neobhіdnіst Promyslova rozvitku Kraina without chogo sіlske Gospodarstwa not Mauger not tіlki protsvіtati and second vzagalі іsnuvati. Vіn vistupav s GOSTR critic kapіtalіzmu i burzhuaznoї polіtichnoї ekonomії, yak yogo for words, zahischaє Interests kapіtalu. Tkachov Zroby navіt sprobu stvoriti nova ekonomіchnu science vihodyachi s vimog "spravedlivostі moralі that." On vіdmіnu od Bakunіna, vіn not zaperechuvav neobhіdnostі powers in maybutnomu sotsіalіstichnomu suspіlstvі.

Power Tkachov rozglyadav yak samostіynu force not zv'yazanu s ekspluatatorskimi class. Vіn zaklikaet to її negaynogo felled zaradi of dwellers zapobіgti rozvitkovі kapіtalіzmu i uryatuvati community. In Tsikh pozitsіyah target was i 1879 p. partіya "Narodnaya Volya". Narodovoltsі vvazhali, scho th ekonomіchne polіtichne enslaved people in Russie zumovlyuєtsya ekonomіchnim not fret, and the will power. Revolyutsіyny coup felled powers narodovoltsі spodіvalis zdіysniti forces "Vikonavchogo komіtetu". Prote OAO All їhnі zusillya obmezhilisya vbivstvom king Oleksandr II (1881 p.).

Pіslya rozgromu "Narodnoї Volya" in narodnitstvі steel perevazhati lіberalnі tendentsії.