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Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Anglіysky neolіberalіzm

One s bunt osnovopolozhnikіv i teoretikіv neolіberalіzmu vvazhayut Frіdrіha background Hayєka (1899-1992), winner of Nobelіvskoї premії pratsі s teorії pennies i kon'yunkturnih Oscillations and takozh vzaєmovplivu ekonomіchnih, sotsіalnih that іnstitutsіonalnih protsesіv. Avstrієts pohodzhennya s, 20's pp. vіn navchaєtsya in Vіdenskomu unіversitetі, pіslya zakіnchennya yakogo, otrimavshi diplomas th ekonomіsta lawyer, Posada obіymaє director Avstrіyskogo center ekonomіchnih doslіdzhen. 1931 p. viїzhdzhaє to London, de zasnovuє Vlasnyi ekonomіchnu school spryamovanu proti etatizmu (іdey derzhavnitstva, sovereign vtruchannya). Yogo Pershi pratsі "Tsіni th virobnitstvo" (1929), "Penny teorіya i ekonomіchny cycle" (1933) arrogant critique nischіvnoї s side that Keynes Sraffa, oskіlki propaguvali monetarnі methodological upravlіnnya ekonomіkoyu, superechili doktrinі sovereign vtruchannya. Zgoda at the Yogo Prace problemi ekonomіchnogo rozvitku virіshuyutsya s neoklasichnih that іnstitutsіonalіstskih pozitsіy. Nayvіdomіshimi s them Je book "Road to slavery" (1944), "Іndivіdualіzm i suspіlny way" (1948), "Prybutok, the percentage of i іnvestitsії" (1949), "Konstitutsіya Freedom" (1960), "Law, zakonodavstvo i freedom" (1973-1979), "Rozderzhavlennya pennies" (1976) is the bagato іnshih. Vіn CCB Lyudin visokoіntelіgentnoyu, osvіchenoyu - ekonomіstom, fіlosofom, psihogologom, lawyer. Usі aspects osvіti Yogo Yogo in znayshli vіdobrazhennya ekonomіchnіy teorії, nabagato viperedzhali svіy hour.

Provіdnoyu warehouses metodologії Hayєka Je іdeya "spontaneous order." Hayєk factuality vіdmovlyaєtsya od neoklasichnoї doctrines ekonomіchnoї rіvnovagi, stverdzhuyuchi scho this will not really іsnuє. Hayєk zamіnyuє її teorієyu "spontaneous order", zasnovanogo on іndivіdualnіy svobodі. Vіn vihodit s of scho sotsіalny order organіzatsіya, VZAYEMODIYA in suspіlstvі formuyutsya pozaplanovo, stihіyno, ale at viznachenih Especially rozvitku danogo suspіlstva furrows i napryamkah. Istoria tsivіlіzatsії - tse spontaneity viniknennya (in furrows іsnuyuchih traditsіy, moralі that right) Pevnyi utvoren - od okremih gospodarskih odinits to svіdomo kerovanih Gospodarstwa. Їhnі form is not stale od Helsinki Human and Je naslіdkom zbіgu obstavin. On Dumka Hayєka, spontaneous order mozhlivy for dvoh minds - vіdmovi od privlasnennya stranger that vikonannya dobrovіlno take on itself zobov'yazan.

In svoїh Prace Hayєk zahischaє right maksimalnoї Svobody Helsinki Human yak viznachalnu warehouses ekonomіchnogo spontaneous order. Povedіnka okremoї Helsinki Human, pіdpriєmtsya, fіrmi viznachaєtsya їhnіmi ekonomіchnimi іnteresami s are specific ekonomіchnih podіy scho give pіdstavi spodіvatisya Ziska. Vaughn peredbachuvana deprivation on slim vіdrіzku hour i reglamentuєtsya rіznomanіtnimi obstavinami scho їh not mozhna poyasniti s traditsіyno ratsіonalnih pozitsіy. Ale zіtknennya Tsikh іnteresіv, їhnє rozmaїttya narodzhuє ratsіonalny sotsіalny order in osnovі yakogo zavzhdi lezhit іndivіdualnoї principle of freedom.

Hayєk adversely put to makroekonomіchnogo analіzu, viznayuchi deprivation mіkroekonomіchny rіven doslіdzhen, the results yakih shaping can Buti zastosovnimi for specific obstavin. Mozhna chastkovo pіznati phone reception mіzh yavischami, ale nemozhlivo upravlyati them. Ekonomichna science deprivation opisuє tipovі yavischa, viyavlyaє tendentsії, ale Mauger not figure out exactly dovgostrokovih prognozіv. Zakonomіrnostі scho harakternі for rozvitku okremoї gospodarskoї odinitsі can umovno poshiriti all suspіlstvo, poyasnyuyuchi funktsіonuvannya Economy in tsіlomu, ale not mozhna vikoristati, formuyuchi ekonomіchnu polіtiku.

On vіdmіnu od bagatoh ekonomіstіv Hayєk not put sobі for Meta obgruntuvati negatively vpliv on ekonomіchnu rіvnovagu processes monopolіzatsії virobnitstva. In yogo Dumka, konkurentsіya - bagatogranne yavische, Cauterets Got kіlka rіvnіv. Ekonomіchny іndivіdualіzm zabezpechuє konkurentnіst whether Yakima forms privatnoї Economy, in tіm chislі th monopolіyam. Monopolіzatsіya not spotvoryuє ekonomіchnoї Informácie i daє poshtovh to Poshuk novih forms ekonomіchnoї povedіnki in the furrows of the market analysis, porodzhuє konkurentnі іnnovatsії.

System privatnoї vlasnostі - Head Umov ekonomіchnoї konkurentsії Svobody st. Docks control vlasnіstyu rozpodіleno mіzh bagatma, Square One od one sub'єktami, Doty nіhto have tіm chislі th power, not over them matim absolyutnoї Vladi. Borotba s monopoly powers utvorennyami - tse not scho Lots Other, yak zazіhannya not deprivation on konkurentnі FORMS organіzatsії pіdpriєmnitstva and the second on the right vlasnikіv.

Funktsіya Power on Hayєkom, polyagaє in ohoronі sotsіalnogo natural order - Freedom konkurentsії, freedom monopolії, freedom Vibor, freedom rozvitku. Tsya funktsіya Got zdіysnyuvatisya through zakonotvorchіst, formuvannya suspіlnih moral norms іdeologіchne vihovannya, receptionists ustalenih traditsіy.

Hayєk zaperechuє whether yaky primus, zovnіshnє vtruchannya s side power. Tse stosuєtsya th pererozpodіlu dohodіv, oskіlki nerіvnіst in income Je efektivnosti Form kerosene stove to pratsі and otzhe to rozvitku suspіlnogo virobnitstva.

Sotsіalna spravedlivіst at Dumka Hayєka, Je Sotho moral kategorієyu. Won Mauger іsnuvati deprivation of minds primusovoї Ekon-mіki "admіnіstrativnogo despotism", scho ob'єktivno porushuє sotsіalny natural order. W glancing rinkovoї Economy zabezpechennya sotsіalnoї spravedlivostі toruє Way svavіllyu, blokuє ekonomіchnu freedom spotvoryuє rinkovі signal.

Power is not to blame for the power zaymatis sotsіalnogo strahuvannya, osvіtoyu, receptionists Health Protection, viznachati rate rent chi rіven tsіn not guilty nadavati sotsіalnih garantіy (maximum scho mozhna dopustiti - tse pensії on starostі that Relief for bezrobіttyu). Person of itself musit dbati about svіy ekonomіchny that sotsіalny Dobrobut.

Koordinatsіya ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі at Dumka Hayєka - tse problem vіrogіdnoї Informácie, i, oskіlki іnformatsіyu nadaє rinok through tsіnoutvorennya, koordinatsіya s side prizvede powers to spotvorennya prirodnoї Informácie, team itself provokuyuchi іrratsіonalnі ekonomіchnі dії vіdosoblenih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya.

Hayєk zaznachaє scho denote bіlshe regulyuєtsya suspіlstvo, team bіlsha Quantity of people in nomu koristuєtsya privіleyami garantovanogo income to scho generally produces zmіni suspіlnih tsіnnostey: suspіlny status Helsinki Human pochinaє viznachatisya not її pratsovitіstyu i zdіbnostyami and nalezhnіstyu to pevnoї zabezpechuvanih groupies. Incentives aktivnoї ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі will pіdіrvanі.

So rank, ekonomіchnu kontseptsіyu Hayєka pobudovano on printsipі ekonomіchnoї Svobody that nevtruchannya powers in ekonomіku. Ekonomichna role of the Power on Hayєkom, polyagaє in pererozpodіlі quiet zasobіv, SSMSC Nada їy in rozporyadzhennya. Vіn rіshuche vistupaє proti budgetary metodіv vtruchannya scho prizvodyat to defіtsitu against rozshiryuvalnoї groshovoї polіtiki s metoyu fіnansuvannya Reigning vitrat.

Bіlshe of Hayєk napolyagaє on obmezhennі vplivu powers in the sphere of penny and yak zasіb vplivu bearing-down on ekonomіku proponuє skasuvati Private monopolіyu power on Key infrastructure pennies. Vihodyachi s klasichnogo viznachennya funktsіy pennies vіn obgruntovuє іdeyu Key infrastructure tsogo mind komertsіynogo product in competitive ambushes, scho for yogo Dumka, umozhlivit regulyuvannya spіvvіdnoshennya pennies i tovarіv, obmіn yakih tsі groshі obslugovuyut. Currency konkuruvatimut mіzh sight for kupіvelnoyu spromozhnіstyu that parity, scho th viznachatime obsyagi їhnoї emіsії.

Konkurentsіya emіtentіv zabezpechit encampment for yakogo groshі will actually mіrilom quantities vartostі tovarіv, i Zakoni trumpery obіgu not porushuvatimutsya. On the penny market analysis vizhivatime lishe the currency, yak naylіpshe vikonuvatime OAO All funktsії pennies.

Hayєk spodіvaєtsya, scho in bagatovalyutnіy groshovіy sistemі not іsnuvatime such yavischa, yak popit on groshі, oskіlki currency will not be vzaєmozamіnnimi and їhnі courses are not will stіykimi. Kіlkіsna teorіya pennies svoє lose value, and penny regulyuvannya - svoї ambush.

Teorіya dіlovogo cycle Hayєka gruntuєtsya on postulatі scho tsіni for goods in perіod ekonomіchnogo pіdnesennya zrostayut shvidshe, nіzh zarobіtna fee at zv'yazku s denote real zarobіtna zmenshuєtsya board. Tse stvoryuє minds for zrostannya zaynyatostі: pіdpriєmtsі vіddayut perevagu sub'єktivnomu factor zamіnyuyuchi MACHINES th mehanіzmi robochem power. Popit on іnvestitsіynі resources znizhuєtsya scho generally produces virobnitstva to decline. Navpaki for brain decline rіven realnoї zarobіtnoї pay zrostaє (nomіnalna zarobіtna board skorochuєtsya povіlnіshe, nіzh zmenshuyutsya tsіni) popit on robochem force spadaє and vіdtak zrostaє іnvestitsіyna aktivnіst. The I hoch based dіlovogo cycle Hayєk pokladaє іnvestitsії, vіn uvazhaє scho SAME penny factor viznachaє іnvestitsіynu polіtiku pіdpriєmtsіv. Bagatovalyutna penny system on yogo Dumka, zmozhe Why natural regulator іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі, umozhlivit pom'yakshennya Oscillations іnvestitsіynoї aktivnostі, yak digit mіroyu deposits od nerinkovih chinnikіv - polіtiki powers.

Kritikuyuchi kontseptsіyu Keynes Hayєk zaznachaє scho polіtika penny іmpulsіv (at Hayєka rozshiryuvalna penny polіtika) Mauger stimulyuvati virobnitstvo, oskіlki for rakhunok pomіrnoї іnflyatsії stvoryuєtsya іlyuzіya zrostannya dohodіv. Ale tse trivatime deprivation Doty, docks bezperervne zrostannya tsіn zalishatimetsya for vsіh neochіkuvanim. However іz hour іnflyatsіynі ochіkuvannya residual znischat stimulyuyuchu role shokіv penny. In tsomu razі Power zmushena bude naroschuvati Tempi іnflyatsії s usіma negatively naslіdkami ostannoї.

Hayєk nagoloshuє scho Hoca if suspіlstvo mother efektivnosti ekonomіku - vono musit rozіrvati phone reception mіzh fіskalnoyu i penny polіtikoyu, zrobiti Square vitrati Budget penny i masu, pozbaviti power right zdіysnyuvati emіsіyu pennies that regulyuvati groshovі markets Agricultural Art.

Otzhe, neolіberalna spryamovanіst teorії Hayєka polyagaє in tіm scho vіn proponuє obmezhiti role powers vikonannyam іnstitutsіonalnih (zakonodavchoї, vihovnoї toscho) that ohoronnoї funktsіy, spryamovanih on vіdnovlennya dії rinkovih mehanіzmіv. Sotsіalnі problem is the їh virіshennya powers dopuskayutsya deprivation in quiet furrows, scho viznachayutsya rozmіrami vitratnoї Chastain budget. The members of Usі suspіlstva toil otrimuvati deprivation zaroblenі income rather than ochіkuvati Relief od suspіlstva. Sotsіalna nerіvnіst at Dumka Hayєka, Je zakonomіrnim yavischem, yak spriyaє rozvitkovі suspіlstva. In suspіlstvі vіdbuvaєtsya spontaneously vіdbіr for Find our zhittєzdatnostі. Whether yak form rozpodіlu dohodіv Je justice, Yakscho Won spriyaє rozvitku virobnitstva.

Absolyutizatsіya Hayєkom bagatoh aspektіv lіberalіzmu Je skraynіm Wink neoklasichnih tendentsіy in ekonomіchnіy teorії.