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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Krivenko KT

6. Subject GROSHІ

6.1. Viniknennya vіdnosin penny. Evolyutsіya i tipi pennies

Viniknennya zagalnoї, chi groshovoї, forms vartostі. Evolyutsіya i tipi pennies.

6.1.1.Viniknennya zagalnoї, chi groshovoї, forms vartostі.

Groshі Je kategorієyu commodity Gospodarstwa, i Istoria їh appeared nerozrivno pov'yazana s tovaroobmіnom. On rannіh Etap rozvitku lyudskogo suspіlstva, if suspіlny podіl pratsі tіlki zapochatkovuvavsya, vіdbuvavsya bezposerednіy obmіn one commodity for another. Spochatku tse CCB vipadkovy i epіzodichny obmіn, if in a group of people rіznih unaslіdok Pevnyi zbіgu obstavin z'yavlyalis nadlishki okremih produktіv for nestachі іnshih, scho i zooms viniknennya required in obmіnі. Taqiy obmіn Mauger Buti virazheny formula: x commodity A = y commodity B. In tsomu vipadku Pevnyi Quantity of product obmіnyuєtsya on vіdpovіdnu Quantity іnshogo. In osnovі obmіnu lezhit vartіst yak vnutrіshnya suspіlna vlastivіst product, scho proyavlyaєtsya in kіlkіsnіy viznachenostі mіnovih proportsіy.

Dali to sproschennya analіzu, we vvazhati scho vartіst product stvoryuєtsya Prace deprivation and stop, yak vvazhaє Marx, in the minds of commodity virobnitstva vistupaє vodnochase concrete yak i Praca abstract.

In protsesі obmіnu Flea vіdіgrayut neodnakovu role. Purshia (at Nashomu prikladі item A) vikonuє Activity funktsіyu, virazhayuchi his vartіst in іnshomu (tovarі B), Je deprivation yaky zasobom for virazhennya vartostі Perche product, vіdіgrayuchi Passive role. Vіdpovіdno to tsogo rozrіznyayut FORMS vartostі in yakih perebuvayut commodity and i B. Goods, yaky virazhaє his vartіst in іnshomu, is staying at vіdnosnіy formі vartostі. Goods well, yaky sluguє zasobom for virazhennya vartostі іnshogo, is staying in її ekvіvalentnіy formі. Vіdnosna that ekvіvalentna FORMS vartostі Je єdnіstyu protilezhnostey, SSMSC vzaєmno peredbachayut i vzaєmno viklyuchayut another one. Vzaєmno peredbachayut, oskіlki vіdnosna form with such a vartostі Je tіlki stosovno ekvіvalentnoї, i navpaki. Vzaєmno viklyuchayut, to scho if goods is staying at vіdnosnіy formі vartostі then vіn not Mauger odnochasno perebuvati in ekvіvalentnіy, i navpaki.

Ekvіvalentna form vartostі Got pevnі osoblivostі. Persha polyagaє in fact scho korisnіst (spozhivna vartіst) product-ekvіvalenta bezposeredno virazhaє his protilezhnіst - vartіst. Vlasna korisnіst of goods, yaky is staying in ekvіvalentnіy formі (item B) not Got value oskіlki Tsey goods deprivation virazhaє vartіst іnshogo product (product A). Another osoblivіst ekvіvalentnoї FORMS vartostі polyagaє in fact scho concrete Prace, vtіlena in tovarі-ekvіvalentі (item B), virazhaє his protilezhnіst - Abstract Prace spent on virobnitstvo іnshogo product (product A), tobto korisnіst product-ekvіvalenta, target specific Pratzen, staє Form viyavu abstraktnoї pratsі, yak bula spent on virobnitstvo іnshogo product.

Oskіlki on Pochatkova etapі rozvitku suspіlstva obmіn MAV epіzodichny i ​​irregular, and ni goods, SSMSC obmіnyuyutsya, ni samі proportsії obmіnu slit not boule ustalenimi then vіdpovіdna form vartostі (x commodity A = y commodity B) otrimala titles prostoї, odinichnoї, chi vipadkovoї de one product, scho is staying at vіdnosnіy formі vartostі, vіdpovіdaє tіlki one Inshyj goods, scho is staying in ekvіvalentnіy formі vartostі. When tsomu, Yakscho pomіnyati commodity and i B mіstsyami essence prostoї FORMS vartostі not zmіnitsya, zmіnyatsya deprivation rolі tovarіv.

Away pogliblennya suspіlnogo podіlu pratsі, zokrema, appeared spochatku remіsnikіv and potіm i kuptsіv, spriyalo rozvitku trademark vіdnosin. Vіdbuvsya perehіd od vipadkovogo, epіzodichnogo obmіnu to regular. Vіn znamenuvav takozh perehіd od prostoї, odinichnoї chi vipadkovoї FORMS vartostі to povnoї, abo rozgornutoї. Її viraziti formula may be as follows: x commodity A = y commodity B = the z = q The product product product G = w D. Otzhe on vіdmіnu od prostoї FORMS vartostі at її rozgornutіy formі ekvіvalentami vartostі okremogo product (product A) in obmіnі vistupaє great Quantity іnshih tovarіv and mіnovі proportsії vzhe otrimuyut ustaleny character scho pov'yazano Zi zrostannyam regulyarnostі obmіnu.

Povny, abo rozgornuta form vartostі - tse taka form yakoї for one product, scho is staying at vіdnosnіy formі vartostі, vіdpovіdaє bezlіch іnshih tovarіv scho perebuvayut in ekvіvalentnіy formі vartostі.

Prote rozgornuta form vartostі Got suttєvі nedolіki, SSMSC vzagalі vlastivі dogroshovomu obmіnu i stvoryuyut vіdpovіdnі trudnoschі in vіdnosinah mіzh tovarovirobnikami. Before them nalezhat on au-Perche, nezavershenіst ekvіvalentnoї FORMS vartostі through yak Quantity tovarіv-ekvіvalentіv s rozvitkom obmіnu could neskіnchenno zrostati. Alternatively, large Quantity of ekvіvalentіv zumovlyuvala Velika Quantity rіznih mіnovih proportsіy scho uskladnyuvalo Venue of obmіnnih operatsіy. In tretє - nemozhlivіst in bagatoh vipadkah bezposerednogo obmіnu tovarіv vnaslіdok іsnuvannya nevіdpovіdnostі mіzh popitom i proponuvannyam okremih tovarіv on a specific market analysis. In the fourth - zumovlenіst proportsіy obmіnu digit mіroyu spozhivchimi vlastivostyami tovarіv. Napriklad can obmіnyati nayavny goods on whether yak mіru grain, ale yogo not mozhna obmіnyati half gorschika chi chvert Saucier through vіdsutnіst in ostannіh dovіlnoї podіlnostі.

Same to in minds away pogliblennya suspіlnogo podіlu pratsі vіdbuvaєtsya postupove stihіyne vidіlennya іz zagalnoї masi tovarіv such SSMSC pochinayut vіdіgravati role bunt predmetіv obmіnu. These products has been viewed in some mіstsevostyah thinness in іnshih - grain, in tretіh - hutro toscho. In one of the first of the people in that rіznі chasi on rіznih mіstsevih Rinko i in rіznih narodіv one that i samy hour іsnuvali rіznі naybіlsh hodovі goods, SSMSC vikonuvali role that bunt predmetіv obmіnu zagalnih ekvіvalentіv for vsієї іnshoї tovarnoї masi. However, she appeared this product, yaky vikonuvav funktsії zagalnogo ekvіvalenta, Je zakonomіrnoyu. Vaughn svіdchit about perehіd povnoї od, chi rozgornutoї, forms vartostі to zagalnoї, chi groshovoї. Otzhe, zagalna, chi penny shape vartostі - tse taka form of yakoї bezlіchі tovarіv scho perebuvayut in vіdnosnіy formі vartostі, vіdpovіdaє one product, scho is staying in ekvіvalentnіy formі, vnaslіdok chogo Tsey goods peretvoryuєtsya in zagalny ekvіvalent i nabuvaє vlastivostі zagalnoї obmіnyuvanostі.

Formula zagalnoї, chi groshovoї, forms vartostі mozhna viraziti such rank: x commodity A; Used goods; z product B; q product G = w product D. When tsomu vazhlivim Yea that fact, scho product sales Vlasnyi zdіysnyuєtsya not tіlki for Abi vіdrazu pridbati Pevnyi Inshyj goods for Vlasnyi spozhivannya and second order dwellers simply otrimati ekvіvalent for Relief yakogo mozhna Bude in away zadovolniti svoї require to whether yaky hour. Tobto zavdyaki takіy operatsії vіdbuvaєtsya lіkvіdatsіya quiet nezruchnostey, SSMSC viklikanі іsnuvannyam barter obmіnu. Well Zakrіplennya funktsіy zagalnogo ekvіvalenta okremim for goods meant for sutі, there were pennies. So rank, zagalna, chi penny, vartostі form vіdrіznyaєtsya od povnoї tim, scho in nіy zamіst numerical ekvіvalentіv z'yavlyaєtsya one on yaky usі tovarovirobniki obmіnyuyut svoї goods, and vzhe yogo obmіnyuyut on potrіbnі їm produkti Chi Hotel. Same through Tse obmіn peretvoryuєtsya on postіynu zhittєvu needful.

Z of the time, if Pevnyi goods Pocha vikonuvati role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta, vinikayut and potіm rozvivayutsya groshovі vіdnosini. Tovarnі vіdnosini, SSMSC vstanovlyuyutsya mіzh tovarovirobnikami, dopovnyuyutsya folding system vіdnosin penny. Groshі yavlyayutsya him one s nayvazhlivіshih vinahodіv lyudstva for all Yogo trivalu іstorіyu іsnuvannya.