Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Teorіya suspіlnogo Vibor

Tsya teorіya sformuvalas at 60 pF. Її author viznayut vidatnogo amerikanskogo ekonomіsta B'yukenena James M. (1919 p. Bunk.). Vіn opublіkuvav bagato Prace on qiu topic zokrema: "Formula Zgoda" (1962) * 16, "Popit i propozitsіya suspіlnih goods" (1968), "Teorіya suspіlnogo Vibor" (1972), "Freedom, rinok i Power" (1986) that іn. 1986 p. B'yukenen zdobuv Nobelіvsku premіyu for "i doslіdzhennya konstitutsіynih contract printsipіv teorії ekonomіchnih rіshen of acceptance."

* 16: {s Together G. Tullock.}

Spіlno s G. Tullock vіn organіzuvav in polіtehnіchnomu іnstitutі state Vіrdzhinіya "Komіtet іz vivchennya of acceptance nerinkovih rіshen" Zgoda yaky Bulo peretvoreno on "Center doslіdzhen suspіlnogo Vibor". The US vidaєtsya spetsіalny magazine «Public choice» ( «Suspіlny vibіr"), about the scho svіdchit digit tsієї teorії role.

Appeared teorії Bula pіdgotovlena Prace K. Errou, Bergson, D. Black. B'yukenen zaznachav itself, scho yogo on formuvannya poglyadіv great vpliv Mali pratsі F. Knight i Especially shvedskogo ekonomіsta Vіkselya K. (1851-1926), yakogo vіn nazivaє "founder suchasnoї teorії suspіlnogo Vibor" * 17.

* 17:. {J. Buchanan policy Constitution (Nobel lecture delivered December 8, 1986) // Problems. economy. - 1994. - № 6. - S. 105.}

The basis teorії suspіlnogo Vibor very hard іdeyu viyavlennya vzaєmozalezhnostі polіtichnih i ekonomіchnih yavisch, zastosuvannya ekonomіchnih metodіv to vivchennya polіtichnih protsesіv. B'yukenen vihodit іz poached, scho principle ratsіonalnoї ekonomіchnoї povedіnki Helsinki Human Mauger Buti zastosovany in doslіdzhennі whether yakoї spherical dіyalnostі de Lyudin robit vibіr have tіm chislі i in doslіdzhennі polіtichnih protsesіv.

Polіtiku B'yukenen traktuє yak obmіn. "Polіtika - wrote vіn - Je folding system obmіnu mіzh іndivіdami, scho in nіy ostannі Collective namagayutsya dosyagti svoєї privatnoї methylene, oskіlki not mozhut realіzuvati її s Relief zvichaynogo rinkovogo obmіnu" * 18. Prote povnoї analogії mіzh polіtichnoyu i hold no mozhna rinkovoyu systems. They rіzna structure. Yakscho on the market analysis vіdbuvaєtsya dobrovіlny obmіn goods, in polіtitsі people zmushenі podatki platiti in obmіn on yakіs suspіlnі good. Spozhivachem Tsikh benefits Je suspіlstvo in tsіlomu. Rіznitsya mіzh rinkovim i polіtichnim obmіnom polyagaє tіm i in scho yogo Participants toil rіznu Meta. In the market analysis vіdbuvaєtsya vzaєmovigіdny obmіn. In polіtitsі іsnuyut rіznі Look th perekonannya and people kotrі posіdayut derzhavnі planted, not zavzhdi keruvatimutsya viklyuchno mіrkuvannyami suspіlnogo benefits in shukami i spravedlivostі good. Yak i zvichayny spozhivach Chi pid-priєmets, the stench will domagatisya maksimіzatsії vlasnoї Vigoda. Process of acceptance rіshen similar to rіznovid rinkovoї lands: vi meni - I will. Bu meni - votes on Vibor, I'll vigіdnі laws, lіtsenzії toscho.

* 18: {J. Buchanan titles.. tv., p.108. }

Otzhe in polіtitsі not іsnuє vzaєmovigіdnogo obmіnu. Prihilniki teorії suspіlnogo Vibor roblyat visnovok about іsnuvannya polіtichnoї nerіvnostі scho zumovlena ekonomіchnimi reasons. Tse - nerіvnіst in oderzhannі Informácie, її twisted, of acceptance of officials, parliamentarians rіshen, SSMSC dopomogli b їm Buti pereobranimi (populіstskih) rіshen abo scho spriyatimut іnteresam organіzovanih group vise (lobі), Je ale neefektivnimi for suspіlstva in tsіlomu.

Urahovuyuchi tsі superechnostі, prihilniki teorії suspіlnogo Vibor proponuyut reformuvannya polіtichnoї system. Tse reformuvannya peredbachaє poshirennya rinkovih vіdnosin on polіtich well-sphere. Polіtika, nagoloshuvali stink, Mauger i musit buduvatis themselves in such vzaєmovigіdnih dogovіrnih minds yak i rinkovy obmіn.

"Efektivnіst" polіtichnogo obmіnu, pіdkreslyuvav B'yukenen, bude viznachatis Tim naskіlki Povny vtіlyuvatimetsya Zhittya in principle odnostaynostі. "Odnostaynіst - wrote vіn - dosyagnuta uchasnikami Collective Vibor in polіtitsі, Je analogіchnoyu dobrovіlnomu obmіnu іndivіdualnih tovarіv on market analysis" * 19.

* 19: {J. Buchanan titles.. tv., p.109. }

Truncated vikladene slit times pіdtverdzhuє Dumka about those, scho not Got іnstitutsіonalіzm zagalnoї teoretichnoї basis. Ale vodnochase yogo napryamki toil Cheema spіlnih Fig.

Osnovnі harakternі Find our іnstitutsіonalіzmu:

  1. criticality analіz orthodox teorіy, pobudovany on rozrobtsі alternative programs;
  2. sproba іntegruvati ekonomіchnu teorіyu s іnshimi suspіlnimi sciences - sotsіologієyu, psihologієyu, antropologієyu, yurisprudentsієyu toscho;
  3. namagannya vivchati not stіlki funktsіonuvannya system skіlki її rozvitok (transformatsіyu kapіtalіzmu);
  4. analіz ekonomіchnih vіdnosin s not so pozitsіy zvanoї ekonomіchnoї Helsinki Human, її rozrіznenih Act reasonably and s pozitsіy organіzatsії suspіlstva, Power;
  5. namagannya posiliti suspіlny control bіznesom, viznannya neobhіdnostі vtruchannya powers in ekonomіku.

Suchasnі іnstitutsіonalіsti so needless kritikuyut neoklasichnі th neokeynsіanskі teorії. Pong zberegli "spirit nezgodi", "rebellion", scho znahodyat svіy manifested in Suchasnyj reformіzmі. Їm pritamanne takozh rozshirennya traditsіynih ob'єktіv theoreticity analіzu for rakhunok novih expired food.