home Finance Fіnansova restrukturizatsіya in Ukraїnі: the problem i eg - Fedosov, B. Oparіn

Fіnansova restrukturizatsіya in Ukraїnі: the problem i eg - Fedosov, B. Oparіn

2.6. problems rozvitku insurance market analysis

Odnієyu s nayskladnіshih problems rinkovoї transformatsії Economy in Ukraїnі Je formuvannya rozvinenogo insurance market analysis. Tse viznachaєtsya kіlkoma chinnikami. According au-Perche, in the minds admіnіstrativnoї Economy Insurance market analysis of the yak is not Bulo. Until 1991, p. strahuvannya Bulo skontsentrovano viklyuchno in the hands of powers i nalezhalo factuality to spherical Reigning fіnansіv. Vono ohoplyuvalo nasampered riziki zhittєdіyalnostі gromadyan - strahuvannya od neschasnih vipadkіv, zmіshane strahuvannya Zhittya, strahuvannya dіtey, strahuvannya Private budіvel, transport zasobіv i household lane. Tіlki in the 70 Ti Rocky Nabeul rozvitku strahuvannya lane i vrozhayu in Collective sіlskogospodarskih pіdpriєmstvah in obov'yazkovіy formі. In the 80 Ti Rocky Pocha rozshiryuvatisya Vidi NKVD strahuvannya - strahuvannya pensіy, strahuvannya to odruzhennya to povnolіttya toscho. When tsomu in novih kinds bіlshe perevazhala nakopichuvalna, nіzh zahisna funktsіya.

Alternatively, formuvannya insurance market analysis in Pershi Rocky Nezalezhnosti not enough nadіynoї zakonodavchoї bazi. Spochatku vono zdіysnyuvalosya on osnovі zakonodavstva about dіyalnіst gospodarskih tovaristv. Tіlki in 1993 p. CCB priynyaty Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Decree of Ukraine "About strahuvannya" nabuv scho deprivation status of the law in 1996, p. When tsomu tіlki in 1993 p. CCB stvoreny Komіtet s perspicuity of insurance dіyalnіstyu, Cauterets against CCB rozformovany in 2000 r., and Yogo funktsії peredanі Mіnіsterstvu fіnansіv.

In tretє, formuvannya insurance market analysis vіdbuvalosya in the minds of companies znizhennya rіvnya dohodіv i gromadyan. Being neplatospromozhnimi, perevazhna їh Chastina not zmozі strahuvati svoї riziki. In zv'yazku s CIM Especially values ​​Nabeul obov'yazkova strahuvannya form. Dostatno stіyky fіnansovy mill toil tіlki Ti strahovі kompanії, SSMSC zumіli viyti on rinok obov'yazkovogo strahuvannya.

Formuvannya insurance market analysis bagato in chomu Bulo similar to stvorennya bankіvskoї Sistemi rinkovogo type. Here stood zavdannya takozh yak restrukturizatsії dіyalnostі derzhavnoї strahovoї organіzatsії so i formuvannya competitive seredovischa. Sche naprikіntsі 1991 p. Derzhavna insurance kompaniia Bula translated into komertsіynі Ambush dіyalnostі, and in 1994, p. on її osnovі target Derzhavna aktsіonerna insurance kompaniia "Orans". Together s note slіd zaznachiti scho Yakscho in bankіvskomu sektorі boule Hoch b formalnі Find our konkurentsії mіzh spetsіalіzovanimi banks, then sferі strahuvannya in Pershi Rocky transformatsіynogo perіodu Derzhavna insurance kompaniia factuality Bula monopolіstom. Same tse viznachilo burhlive zrostannya kіlkostі INSURANCE kompanіy in Ukraїnі in pershіy polovinі 90 rokіv. In 1994 r. kraїnі in Bulo zareєstrovano 700 INSURANCE kompanіy. Prote for perіodom strіmkogo zrostannya pіshov digit decline aktivnostі i lіkvіdatsіya bagatoh kompanіy - three Rocky (1995-1997) їh chiselnіst skoroti at 3.3 times (Figure 20.). Іstotny vpliv tsі processes on the right yak pogіrshennya zagalnoekonomіchnoї situatsії in kraїnі so i pіdvischennya vimog obsyagu to the statutory fund, the insurance platospromozhnostі i rezervіv kompanіy pіslya of acceptance of the Law of Ukraine "About strahuvannya".

Fig. 20. INSURANCE Dinamіka chiselnostі kompanіy in Ukraїnі

Pochinayuchi h, 1998. sposterіgaєtsya stabіlna tendentsіya postupovogo zrostannya (in serednomu schorіchno 14%) of insurance kіlkostі kompanіy i pitched in the ear of 2002 p. in Ukraїnі funktsіonuvalo 328 strahovikіv. Zagalom tse dovolі zhittєzdatnі kompanії, SSMSC abo proyshli dosit folding processes of formation in perіod ekonomіchnoї crisis, abo boule stvorenі pіslya of acceptance in 1996, p. zaznachenogo vische law. Krіm, in Ukraїnі stvorenі motor, Avіatsіyne i Morske strahovі Bureau kotrі rozroblyayut osnovnі strahuvannya rules. Takozh funktsіonuyut Asotsіatsіya fahovih INSURANCE poserednikіv, Asotsіatsіya strahovikіv in agricultural sektorі Economy, INSURANCE organіzatsіy League of the Ukraine. Together s note fіnansovі mozhlivostі bіlshostі INSURANCE kompanіy duzhe obmezhenі - serednіy rozmіr Vlasnyi kapіtalu becoming deprivation 5.9 million USD, abo Troch bіlshe $ 1 million. USA. Ponad 2/3 strahovikіv toil kapіtal less then 100 tis. dollars. When tsomu law "About strahuvannya" mіnіmalny rozmіr statutory fund established at the CCB sumі 100 tis. EURO including (blizko 93 tis. USD.).

In 2001 r. priynyatі zaznachenogo amendments to the law, to vіdpovіdno yakih protyagom dvoh rokіv statutory capital of insurance kompanіy Got Booty zbіlsheny 500 tis. EURO including, but protyagom slit of rock - to 1 million EURO including. For strahovikіv scho zdіysnyuyut strahuvannya Zhittya, vіdpovіdno spochatku to 750 million, and potіm to 1.5 million EURO including. Bezumovno, s glancing zabezpechennya nadіynostі INSURANCE kompanіy tse duzhe vazhlive rіshennya. Proteus yak Bulo shown vische, sogodnі perevazhna bіlshіst іz them fіnansovo malopotuzhnі i for them ustanovlenі skorіshe standards for all viyavlyatsya daunting. Tse bezperechno, Mauger prizvesti to new skorochennya їh chiselnostі. Krіm of vіdpovіdno zaznachenih amendments to insurers in Ukraїnі shaping can Buti tіlki residents. Together s note znyatі obmezhennya on chastku іnozemnogo kapіtalu in statutory fondі, of acceptance of amendments to the IBAs not mіg perevischuvati 49%.

Rozvitok insurance market analysis harakterizuєtsya yak kіlkіstyu INSURANCE kompanіy scho pratsyuyut on nomu so i yogo mіstkіstyu scho vіdbivaєtsya in soums of insurance platezhіv i vіdshkoduvannya insurance. Їh dinamіka and takozh obsyagi preformed INSURANCE rezervіv navedenі Table. 14.

tABLE 14

Dinamіka pokaznikіv rozvitku insurance market analysis of Ukraine (1995-2001 pp.), Mln *

* For danimi Lіgi INSURANCE organіzatsіy Ukraine.

Yak seen danih s guidance, insurance rinok Ukraine Got stіyku tendentsіyu rozvitku. So, for perіod іz 1995 p. until 2001 p. strahovі platezhі in nomіnalnomu obchislennі zrosli 12.4 times, and in porіvnyannomu - in 4.2 times. Іstotno zbіlshilisya i strahovі reserves - vіdpovіdno 18.2 i 6.2 times. Well Obsyagi INSURANCE viplat boule dosit stabіlnimi: from nomіnalnomu obchislennі stink zbіlshilisya 2.9 times, and in porіvnyannomu not zmіnilisya.

Podіbne spіvvіdnoshennya in dinamіtsі mainly parametrіv insurance market analysis is unlikely chi Mauger yak uniquely spriymatisya Positive yavische. Aje digit zrostannya INSURANCE platezhіv for practical nezmіnnih obsyagіv INSURANCE viplat svіdchit about zavischennya INSURANCE tarifіv. Spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh pokaznikami scho analіzuyutsya (in 2000 r. Strahovі platezhі in 5.2, and in 2001 r. At 7.1 times perevischuvali strahovі viplati) naochno pokazuє qiu nevіdpovіdnіst. The I Hoch, yak seen danih s guidance, bіlsha Chastina tsogo perevischennya guide to formuvannya rezervіv of insurance - from 2000 r. 45%, and in 2001, p. 39% od sumi INSURANCE platezhіv, podіbnі proportsії just nepriynyatnі for strahuvalnikіv. This can be zrobiti visnovok, scho, yak i in the credit market analysis, in sferі strahuvannya in Ukraїnі Cena poslug scho nadayutsya, nadmіrno temple. Tsey chinnik have their Cherga, strimuє away rozvitok insurance market analysis. In zv'yazku s CIM priskorene naroschuvannya INSURANCE rezervіv (tіlki 2000 p. Їh prirіst becomes 78%) strategіchno unlikely chi Mauger Buti vipravdane. That th Navischo potrіbnі strahovі reserves SSMSC at 2.8 times perevischuyut strahovі viplati?

In tsіlomu, nezvazhayuchi on tendentsіyu zrostannya, obsyagi insurance market analysis of Ukraine not just neznachnі - stink Wkra malі. For danimi Lіgi INSURANCE organіzatsіy, vіn ohoplyuє usogo deprivation blizko 10% rizikіv, todі yak at rozvinenih kraїnah Tsey pokaznik becoming 90-95%. Chastka ukrajins'koho insurance market analysis in Єvropі becoming 0.05% at the fact scho in kraїnі prozhivaє Єvropi 7% of the population. Strahovі platezhі vіdnosno obsyagu GDP stanovlyat Troch bіlshe 1%. Naturally, scho in podіbnіy situatsії OAO All zusillya toil Buti spryamovanі on vsebіchny rozvitok danogo fіnansovogo segment market analysis, in addition to the first chislі osnovі vivazhenoї polіtiki INSURANCE tarifіv. For Wkra nizkoї platospromozhnostі gromadyan i, i of companies oharakterizovanі vische tendentsії that proportsії skorіshe pereshkodzhayut rozvitku market analysis. Aje Doty, docks strahovі Hotel become available perevazhnіy masі klієntіv, rinok not matim nadіynogo rozvitku.

Spectrum poslug, SSMSC nadayutsya ninі on the insurance market analysis Ukraine, dovolі obmezheny. Domіnuє dobrovіlne Mainova strahuvannya - in 2000 r. bіlshe 2/3 usіh INSURANCE platezhіv. Krіm of Nabeul rozvitku takі Vidi, yak dobrovіlne strahuvannya vіdpovіdalnostі, dobrovіlne Osobowa strahuvannya and takozh i-sovereign Reigning obov'yazkove strahuvannya. Zmіni in strukturі INSURANCE poslug harakterizuєtsya such danimi (tab. 15).

tABLE 15

Structure of insurance poslug in Ukraїnі,% *

* For danimi Lіgi INSURANCE organіzatsіy Ukraine.

W hover danih seen scho in strukturі INSURANCE poslug vіdbuvalis іstotnі zmіni. Pong nasampered stosuyutsya spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh dobrovіlnim Osobowa i Mainova strahuvannyam. For perіod іz 1994 p. until 2001 p. Pete Wagga INSURANCE platezhіv for dobrovіlnim Mainova strahuvannyam zrosla bіlshe nіzh in 2 Razi - іz 33% to 73%. When tsomu Pete Wagga Osobowa strahuvannya for obsyagom INSURANCE platezhіv zmenshilasya bіlshe nіzh in 6 razіv - іz 48% to 7%. Especially landslide character tsya tendentsіya Got stosovno strahuvannya Zhittya, Pete Wagga yakogo until 2001 p. schorіchno skorochuvalasya 2 Razi and Quantity ukladenih dogovorіv - in 5 razіv.

Rozglyanutі tendentsії toil dovolі logіchne explanations. In ostannі Rocky vіdbulosya digit znizhennya rіvnya real dohodіv from low-i serednozabezpechenih gromadyan, scho Yea mainly potentsіynimi strahuvalnikami Zhittya. Ninіshnі Income roblyat їh neplatospromozhnimi, in fact i chislі for insurance payments. Rozvitok same dobrovіlnogo Mainova strahuvannya pov'yazany s appeared dosit Bhagat gromadyan, kotrі bazhayut ubezpechiti currently on osnovі strahuvannya Svoge lane. In skladі vidіv dobrovіlnogo Mainova strahuvannya vidіlyaєtsya strahuvannya vognevih rizikіv, rizikіv stihіynih lih, strahuvannya vantazhіv i baggage, lane i gromadyan of companies.

Dovolі temple rіvnya rozvitku on the insurance market analysis Ukraine Nabeul reinsurance. In 2001 r. perestrahovikam Bulo splacheno chvert zagalnoї sumi INSURANCE platezhіv. When tsomu digit Chastain tsієї sumi otrimali perestrahoviki non-resident. Podіbna situatsіya spriyaє stabіlіzatsії ukrajins'koho insurance market analysis, pіdvischuyuchi rіven zahischenostі platezhіv of insurance, in addition to i chislі mіzhnarodnomu insurance market analysis.

Away rozvitok insurance market analysis Ukraine pov'yazany s virіshennyam low ekonomіchnogo problems, zakonodavchogo, sotsіalno-psihologіchnogo th іnstitutsіynogo nature. Before problems ekonomіchnogo nature nalezhat polіpshennya zagalnoї ekonomіchnoї situatsії in kraїnі, zrostannya dohodіv of companies i gromadyan, lіkvіdatsіya tіnovoї Economy. In zakonodavchіy sferі neobhіdno usunuti superechnostі mіzh standards okremih zakonіv, Yurydychna zakrіpiti stimulyuvannya vlasnikіv lane to insurance Zahist svoїh Mainova іnteresіv, vіdpratsyuvati mehanіzmi,

scho aktivіzuyut іnvestitsіynu dіyalnіst INSURANCE kompanіy. Virіshennya sotsіalno-psihologіchnih problems pov'yazano s vіdnovlennyam Dovira klієntіv kompanіy to the insurance, so self yak to bankіv, іnvestitsіynih kompanіy i fondіv. Іnstitutsіynі problemi potrebuyut stvorennya Square rating agentsіy, SSMSC b slapped klієntam Povny i dostovіrnu іnformatsіyu about nadіynіst strahovikіv that yakіst poslug scho them nadayutsya.