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Reigning regulyuvannya Economy - Net SM

7.4. The role of power in the zaluchennі іnozemnih kreditіv

One s vidіv mіzhnarodnogo Ruhu kapіtalіv Je eksport pozichkovogo kapіtalu, yaky vistupaє in formі mіzhnarodnogo loan. Mіzhnarodny credit - tse ekonomіchnі vіdnosini scho vinikayut mіzh powers іnozemnimi komertsіynimi banks that fіrmami s metoyu pozichannya Monetary trademark resursіv abo on minds Povernennya їh in viznachenі line that SPLAT vinagorodi (protsentіv) for koristuvannya. Іnozemnі loans Je vazhlivim іnstrumentom fіnansuvannya zovnіshnoї torgіvlі, holding kompleksnoї modernіzatsії that rekonstruktsії of companies, pіdtrimuvannya stabіlnostі mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv.

Fallow od sub'єktіv Credit vіdnosin rozrіznyayut takі Vidi mіzhnarodnogo loan: credit mіzhnarodny mіzh fіrmami rіznih kraїn yak rіznovid komertsіynogo loan, a loan from bankіvsky zovnіshnіy torgіvlі, mіzhderzhavnі (mіzhuryadovі) loans, regіonalnih bankіv rozvitku, loans mіzhnarodnih that currency and fіnansovih organіzatsіy. For the types of loans podіlyayut on tovarnі, SSMSC eksporteri nadayut svoїm pokuptsyam; valyutnі scho nadayutsya banks groshovіy formі. Especially rіznovidom mіzhnarodnogo loan Je emіsіya tsіnnih paperіv, if the bank vistupaє poserednikom mіzh lender i pozichalnikom, SSMSC vkladayut svoї in Costa tsіnnі Papero. For termіnami Povernennya mіzhnarodnі loans podіlyayutsya on korotkostrokovі - 1 rock, serednostrokovі - od 1 to 5 rokіv, dovgostrokovі - Ponad 5 rokіv. Pershi vikoristovuyutsya perevazhno in zovnіshnіy torgіvlі spozhivchimi goods sirovinoyu, products harchuvannya that in obmіnі Hotel, drugі - for eksportnih operatsіy s machines that obladnannyam, tretі - for fіnansuvannya іnvestitsіy in virobnichu scope that іnfrastrukturu.

Zaluchennya іnozemnih kreditіv Je Normal yavischem in svіtovіy praktitsі. And for Ukraine just stink ninі neobhіdnі s look around on folding ekonomіchnu situatsіyu. Defіtsit obіgovih koshtіv that marriage platospromozhnogo popitu on vіtchiznyanu produktsіyu, rozvitok digit barter (tovaroobmіnnih operatsіy) do not give zmogi pіdnyati virobnitstvo on ekonomіchno obgruntovany rіven scho unemozhlivlyuє pokrittya defіtsitu sovereign budget for rakhunok podatkovih that іnshih nadhodzhen. Protyagom ostannіh rokіv in kraїnі sposterіgaєtsya perevischennya іmportu tovarіv that poslug over eksportom scho visnazhuє valyutnі reserves sprichinyaє devalvatsіyu natsіonalnoї currency, generally produces up defіtsitu stream rahunku platіzhnogo balance. Krіm addition, Ukraine Je Nadto fallow od tovarіv critical іmportu, nasampered іmportovanih energonosіїv. Tom Krajina our potrebuє zaluchennya zovnіshnіh fіnansovih resursіv i slit trivaly hour bude Activity spozhivachem іnozemnogo kapіtalu.

Before the main Jerel іnozemnih koshtіv scho їh zaluchaє UKRAINE, nalezhat:

• pozichki mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih organіzatsіy: Mіzhnarodnogo Monetary Fund (IMF), Svіtovogo Bank (SB), Єvropeyskogo bank rekonstruktsії i rozvitku (ЄBRR);
• Loans іnozemnih powers;
• Loans powers - postachalnikіv energonosіїv;
• rozmіschennya oblіgatsіy vnutrіshnoї derzhavnoї poziki;
• nadannya grantіv, subsidіy, stipendіy, Naukova-tehnіchnoї Relief od mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih organіzatsіy that kraїn s rozvinutoyu ekonomіkoyu.

Pershi three dzherela Je bezposeredno funktsіonalnoyu Form pozichkovogo kapіtalu i kredituvannyam directly.

Naybіlshim іnozemnim creditor of Ukraine IMF Yea, scho poєdnuє funktsії regulyuvannya, fіnansuvannya that konsultuvannya powers - chlenіv Fund in currency-sferі fіnansovih vіdnosin. IMF zaymaєtsya viklyuchno penny-credit problems, tobto platіzhnim balance, and problems rozvitku Economy Kraina-borzhnika not included until yogo bezposerednіh funktsії. Rekomendatsії fund stosuyutsya zahodіv scho nalezhat to the sphere of budget-podatkovoї, penny-kreditnoї polіtiki, tsіnovogo mehanіzmu, zovnіshnoї torgіvlі, mіzhnarodnih Credit i-currency rozrahunkovih vіdnosin. Pong pov'yazanі Zi zmenshennyam Reigning vitrat, pіdvischennyam podatkіv i bet pozichkovogo percent zmіnami exchange rate toscho.

Another Jerel nadhodzhennya kreditіv in kraїnu Je Costa Svіtovogo bank. Yakscho IMF dіyalnіst obmezhuєtsya nadannyam korotkostrokovih kreditіv, the Security Council on issues zoseredzhuєtsya dovgostrokovogo rozvitku. Vіn takozh nadaє loans for fіnansuvannya defіtsitu sovereign Budget th platіzhnogo balance, ale prіoritetom for Demba Je virobnicha sphere. When tsomu loans nadayutsya not okremim pіdpriєmstvam and Pevnyi Galuzo Economy pid rozroblenі that zatverdzhenі projection їh transformatsії. Loans in groshovіy nadayutsya yak, so i in tovarnіy forms.

Svіtovy Bank, yak i IMF have svoїy dіyalnostі koristuєtsya principle obumovlenostі, tobto vimagaє od Kraina-borzhnika vikonannya Pevnyi minds for otrimannya loan zokrema nadannya Reigning garantіy.

Tretіm fіnansovim donor Ukraine Je ЄBRR. Tse komertsіyny bank loans yakogo not stosuyutsya defіtsitu sovereign budget that platіzhnogo balance and spryamovuyutsya in virobnichu sphere bankіvsky sector, rozvitok komunіkatsіy, zv'yazku, budіvnitstvo gotelіv toscho. ЄBRR vkladaє in Costa ob'єkti, SSMSC mozhut dati nalezhny Ziska and vіdtak Je zdatnimi rozrahuvatisya for the loan. Bank vіddaє perevagu-sovereign entities gospodaryuvannya not vimagaє Uriadovy garantіy nadannya for loan and otrimannya kozhnoї nastupnoї poziki deposits will not od Economy Kraina in tsіlomu and od rіvnya gotovnostі particular project.

Krіm tsogo, Ukraine otrimuє loans takozh i for mіzhderzhavnimi th mіzhuryadovimi lands that domovlenostyami s Nіmechchini, USA, Frantsії, Shveytsarії, Velikobritanії Canada that іnshih kraїn.

The procedure is the zaluchennya prіoritetnі eg vikoristannya іnozemnih kreditіv reglamentuyutsya vіdpovіdnimi law Holds that Uryadov. Zgіdno s tsimi documents vpovnovazhenimi schodo zaluchennya kreditіv install Je Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv abo Ukraine Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine Got right zaluchati іnozemnі loans in addition razі, if the Law of Ukraine "About Reigning budget" on vіdpovіdny Year for pokrittya defіtsitu sovereign budget viznachenі dzherela fіnansuvannya. In razі, if obsession pozik od іnozemnih powers bankіv i mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy not peredbachene Reigning budget of acceptance rіshen about obsession kreditіv that zdіysnennya control over їh vikoristannyam nalezhit povnovazhen to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. His Zgoda on Taku poziku that nadannya povnovazhen Uryadov on її zaluchennya Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine pіdtverdzhuє uhvaloyu okremogo Law "On ratifіkatsіyu lands about zaluchennya іnozemnogo loan."

Key documents scho regulyuє vіdnosini in the Branch іnozemnogo kredituvannya, Je Holds Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraїnі od 5 Travnia 1997 p. № 414 "About vporyadkuvannya zaluchennya i vikoristannya іnozemnih kreditіv, Povernennya yakih garantuєtsya Kabіnetom Mіnіstrіv Ukraine, vdoskonalennya Sistemi zaluchennya zovnіshnіh fіnansovih resursіv that obslugovuvannya zovnіshnogo sovereign Borg." Vaughn vstanovlyuє order zaluchennya іnozemnih kreditіv for fіnansuvannya proektіv prіoritetnih napryamіv rozvitku Economy Kraina that nadannya platіzhnih garantіy Kabіnetom Mіnіstrіv Ukraine for zabezpechennya zobov'yazan Yurydychna osіb - rezidentіv іnozemnimi for loans.

Process zaluchennya pozik pochinaєtsya s rozglyadu propozitsіy, SSMSC ofіtsіyno nadіyshli to zakordonnih predstavnitstv Ukraine, mіnіsterstv, іnshih Reigning organіv that Yurydychna osіb od іnozemnih SET i bankіv. W metoyu viznachennya napryamіv vikoristannya loan poperednoї otsіnki yogo monetary and fіnansovih minds that mozhlivostі repayment s urahuvannyam lіmіtu sovereign zovnіshnogo Borg tsі Offers opratsovuyutsya Natsіonalnim Agency s rekonstruktsії that rozvitku, Mіnekonomіki, Mіnfіnom for participating bank agent, yaky Uryadov priznachaєtsya rіshennyam. Next rozglyad propozitsіy zdіysnyuє monetary glad Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraine, yak in razі of acceptance of the positive rіshennya doruchaє vіdpovіdnim Reigning bodies pіdgotovku proektіv mіzhnarodnih land, protokolіv, stated that іnshih dokumentіv schodo zaluchennya kreditіv.

Pіslya residual skhvalennya filed dokumentіv Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine priymaє rіshennya about ukladannya mіzhnarodnih dogovorіv that nadaє povnovazhennya Posadov ladies on pіdpisannya od іmenі CMU abo powers mіzhnarodnih lands about zaluchennya іnozemnogo loan. We require razі viznachaєtsya Yurydychna person, yak Yea bunt vikonavtsem - agent Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraine s realіzatsії danogo loan. Pіdpisanі vpovnovazhenimi personages mіzhnarodnі lands that INSHI document and about nadannya іnozemnogo loan podayutsya on ratifіkatsіyu Verhovnіy Radі Ukraine. Guarantor kreditіv, SSMSC vіdpovіdno to mіzhnarodnih dogovorіv nadayutsya Ukraїnі Uryadov іnozemnih powers mіzhnarodnimi fіnansovimi organіzatsіyami that banks od іmenі powers Je Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine.

Repayment іnozemnih kreditіv, SSMSC zaluchayutsya ukraїnskimi Yurydychna personages abo pid garantії INSHI zobov'yazannya Uryadov Kraina, on the Minds zdіysnyuєtsya valyutnoї samookupnostі abo іz zaluchennyam koshtіv sovereign budget. For otrimannya pid garantії CMU repaid yakogo bude zdіysnyuvatis on the minds samookupnostі, yuridichnі individuals podayut Natsіonalnomu agency s rekonstruktsії that rozvitku leaf-application for otrimannya garantіy, visnovok-pіdtrimku central authority vikonavchoї Vladi vіdpovіdno to the Branch, BIZNES-plan project document scho pіdtverdzhuyut mozhlivіst repayment of the loan for rakhunok pributkіv od gospodarskoї dіyalnostі and takozh document and schodo maynovoї Zastava (bail) abo contract strahuvannya.

W metoyu of acceptance rіshen schodo mozhlivostі nadannya garantіy Natsіonalne Agency s rekonstruktsії that rozvitku, Mіnekonomіki, Mіnfіn that INSHI organіzatsії conductive zagalnu tehnіko-ekonomіchnu Sanitary and Epidemiological project viznachayut yogo vіdpovіdnіst derzhavnіy polіtitsі in pevnіy the Branch, analіzuyut zagalny fіnansovy camp pozichalnika conducting tsіnovu Sanitary and Epidemiological іmportnih that eksportnih kontraktіv toscho. At the outpost razі peredachі sovereign lane, vartіst yakogo guilty pokrivati ​​rozmіr loan pіdgotovku visnovkіv that propozitsіy schodo nadannya garantіy zdіysnyuє Fund sovereign mynah іz zaluchennyam ekspertіv Square.

Nadannya garantіy schodo zaluchennya іnozemnih kreditіv to repay yakih peredbachaєtsya vikoristovuvati byudzhetnі Costa, zdіysnyuєtsya tіlki todі, if takі Costa peredbacheno in state-sponsored byudzhetі. In tsomu razі yuridichnі individuals podayut usі nazvanі documents before Mіnfіnu. In razі positive visnovku schodo nayavnostі in state-sponsored byudzhetі neobhіdnih koshtіv Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine Vinos uhvalu about dotsіlnіst nadannya garantіy.

Yuridichnі individuals - residents, SSMSC otrimali takі garantії bear Povny vіdpovіdalnіst for Povny svoєchasne is the repayment of the loan, SPLAT protsentіv koristuvannya for him, Splat and takozh komіsіynih. Control over tsіlovim that efektivnosti vikoristannyam i svoєchasnim repayment kreditіv zdіysnyuєtsya central bodies vikonavchoї Vladi vіdpovіdno to the Branch, Kabіnetom Mіnіstrіv Ukraine, Mіnfіnom, Mіnekonomіki that іnshimi Reigning authorities.