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Management at Reigning organіzatsіyah - Tsurul OA

Theme 3. Reigning ORGANІZATSІYA In MENEDZHMENTІ

3.1. Organіzatsіya, її basis is funktsії admіnіstrativnogo aparata

Peredumovoyu zdіysnennya management Je nayavnіst organіzatsії in furrows yakoї vіdbuvaєtsya Tsey processes. Management vinikaє there potrіbno de uzgodzhuvati dії dekіlkoh osіb. Tobto spochatku treba mother company profile and potіm potrіbno stvoryuvati mehanіzm kerіvnitstva people, s yakih skladaєtsya organіzatsіya. Ponyattya organіzatsії vzhivaєtsya in dvoh aspects:

  • іnstitutsіonalnomu, if organіzatsіya oznachaє Pevnyi grupu people scho spіlno dosyagayut zagalnih tsіley;
  • protsesnomu, if organіzatsіya oznachaє vzaєmodіyu mіzh people themselves.

In oboh vipadkah schodo organіzatsії treba mother vіdpovіdі three klyuchovі zapitannya:

- Yak zgrupovanі pratsіvniki?

- Hto for whom Je boss?

- Hto SSMSC zavdannya vikonuє?

Teorіya organіzatsії nalіchuє dekіlka kontseptsіy. Klasichnі organіzatsіynі teorії, obґruntovanі F. Taylor that A. Fayolle. Pong viznachayut takі osnovnі RISS organіzatsіy: zagalna tsіl chi mіsіya; rozpodіl pratsі; koordinatsіya zusil; ієrarhіya povnovazhen i Vladi. For zabezpechennya efektivnoї dіyalnostі organіzatsіy proponuvalos vikoristannya Vladi yak head koordinatsіynogo i motivatsіynogo іnstrumentu.

Chester Bernard zaproponuvav number novih іdey schodo funktsіonuvannya organіzatsіy: deleguvannya Vladi znizu Highlands; teorіyu spriynyattya povnovazhen; klyuchove values ​​Informácie in kerіvnitstvі organіzatsіyami; gotovnіst skin member organіzatsії Buti korisnim for іnshih chlenіv. Especially pіdhіd polyagaє in fact scho rozporyadzhennya manager toil uzgodzhuvatisya s Especially i require mozhlivostyami pіdleglih.

Warehouses kontseptsії M. Weber Je: rozpodіl pratsі; ієrarhіya Vladi; trammel (system) of the rules; bezosobovіst upravlіnnya, nagolos on Posada. The basis of acceptance for rіshen toil sluzhiti rules іnstruktsії that procedure.

Suchasnі organіzatsіynі teorії ґruntuyutsya on zalezhnostі organіzatsії od navkolishnogo seredovischa i vrahovuyut sinergіyu yak result dіyalnostі.

"Organіzatsіya - tse descho bіlshe nіzh just grupa people zaznachayut doslіdniki Zi US - tse grupa іndivіdіv, SSMSC ob'єdnanі organіzatsіynimi principles іnteresami, procedures NKVD tsіnnostyami and takozh forms povnovazhen i vіdpovіdalnostі. Company profile mozhna oharakterizuvati such rank: tse formally yavische, yak stvorene Shlyakhov vidіlennya s yakogo nebudu tsіlogo yogo pevnoї chastki in tsіlyah pokladannya on neї (chastku) adequately їy funktsіy tsіlogo;

tse VZAYEMODIYA elementіv chastki useredinі її yak, so i pose her in tsіlyah realіzatsії pokladenih on neї funktsіy tsіlogo;

tse stіyka (in chasі prostorі i) VZAYEMODIYA elementіv, yak nadaє chasttsі viznachenі contours of that force zmіtsnyuє її s Relief spetsіalіzatsії i kooperatsії mozhlivostey Tsikh elementіv.

Spіlnimi risami schodo whether yakogo viznachennya organіzatsії Je: mnozhina osіb abo suborganіzatsіy; zag Hoc Meta, yak vіdoma organіzatsії members; zagalnі pragnennya, spryamovanі on dosyagnennya vstanovlenih tsіley; ієrarhіya; formal structure usvіdomlena koordinatsіya Act reasonably; i vertical horizontal podіl pratsі ".

Otzhe, organіzatsіya - tse sotsіalne utvorennya Where Money Does zagalnimi pragnennyami ob'єdnano bagato people to dosyagnennya spіlnoї methylation. Headache in organіzatsії skladaєtsya not naborі, kіlkostі that of Quality elementіv, SSMSC її skladayut, and їh vzaєmozv'yazkah, vzaєmodіyah. Frantsuzky doslіdnik WA Graykunas slit in 1936 rotsі zaproponuvav formula for the number of viyavlennya vsіh mozhlivih vzaєmozv'yazkіv in organіzatsії, SSMSC potrebuyut uwagi manager:

K = n (2 n - 1 + n - 1)

To de - kerіvnik, n - Quantity pіdleglih.

Napriklad, if organіzatsіya skladaєtsya osіb of 4 (kerіvnik pіdleglih plus three), then nіy z'yavlyaєtsya (in potentsіalі) vzaєmozv'yazkіv 18 when 6 individuals (5 + 1) - 100, 8 (7 + 1) - 490 at

10 (1 + 9) - 2376 i narostayuchіy so on - for the practical principle geometrichnoї progresії.

Trivalіst one contact, Yakscho have kerіvnika, napriklad, p'yat pіdleglih can viznachiti, podіlivshi zagalnu trivalіst robochem day on vzaєmozv'yazkіv Quantity: 480 xs 100 xs = 4.8.

On praktitsі zdіysnyuyutsya upravlіnskі come in, SSMSC zmenshuyut Quantity i chastku Posadov zv'yazkіv i note by nadayut mozhlivіst skorotiti vitrati od maloefektivnoї pratsі nadmіrnoї kіlkostі pіdrozdіlіv (pіdleglih).

In organіzatsіynih structures, in fact i chislі sovereign upravlіnnya, vikoristovuyut kіlka organіzatsіynih basics SSMSC formuyut vіdpovіdnі tipi structures.

Lіnіyna stvoryuє base structure in yakіy vіdbuvaєtsya perevazhno vertical, unidirectional pіdleglіst Reigning organіv, yak stvoryuє in completing viglyadі ієrarhіchnu pіramіdu. Here naybіlshe proyavlyaєtsya odnoosіbne kerіvnitstvo, if one person in the dermal rіvnі vertikalі zoseredzhuє svoїh at hand Keeping upravlіnskih protsesіv in state-sponsored organі, yaky vіn ocholyuє.

The basic Find our lіnіynogo upravlіnnya polyagaє in the fact scho on cutaneous cholі collectives stoїt kerіvnik (body upravlіnnya) Leather i organіzatsіya member collectives in tsіlomu pіdporyadkovuyutsya tіlki tsomu kerіvniku (body). Lіnіyny type of structure zhorstko formalіzovany i nadaє їy stіykostі i nadіynostі, poslіdovnostі. Vіn spriyatlivy for vikoristannya, chіtkogo held in Zhittya Vlasnyi vimog, ale in nomu nedostatno proyavlyayutsya zvorotnі zv'yazki, obmezheno presented bagatogrannіst Zhittya scho yogo znizhuє unіversalnіst that efektivnіst.

Funktsіonalna basis to formuvannya Veda Reigning organіv, SSMSC spetsіalno pristosovanі Keeping up specific funktsіy upravlіnnya. Tse pid dozvolyaє dermal s realіzovanih funktsіy upravlіnnya pіdіbrati profesіonalnih spetsіalіstіv, at the same hour vinikaє problem mіzhfunktsіonalnoї koordinatsії, porushuєtsya Yednist rozporyadnitstva i znizhuєtsya vіdpovіdalnіst for the robot.

Lіnіyno-funktsіonalna basis zabezpechuє poєdnannya perevag lіnіynih that funktsіonalnih foundations that dozvolyaє stvoryuvati structure in yakih odnі organic priymayut upravlіnskі rіshennya i Vlasnyi conductive їh in Zhittya and drugі zabezpechuyut їh іnformatsієyu randomness, planning, koordinatsіynogo that іnshogo nature, scho dozvolyaє pіdvischuvati rіven sovereign upravlіnnya .

Program- tsіlova basis zakladaє in organіzatsіynu tsіl structure (ABO tsіlі) chi complex programa, i їm pіdporyadkovuyutsya vіdpovіdnі Elements i їhnі vzaєmozv'yazki. Tse dopomagaє іntegratsії іntelektualnih, natural, virobnichih that іnshih resursіv for virіshennya expired upravlіnnya problems.

Matrix-based sumіschuє lіnіyne that program- tsіlove upravlіnnya. Tsey zv'yazany type of structure, yak usually h teritorіalnim upravlіnnyam. Vіn zabezpechuє Complex pіdhіd to upravlіnskih protsesіv on viznachenіy teritorії.

The basic іdeya takoї Structure - organіzatsіya guilty spriyati that horizontal cross-komunіkatsіyam useredinі organіzatsії i garantuvati Suvorov vіdpovіdalnіst for hіd robіt.

Suchasnyj admіnіstrativny aparata organіzatsіy vikonuє bagato funktsіy. For funktsіonalnoyu Find our Yogo pіdrozdіlyayut on the Advisory, obslugovuyuchy i NKVD.

Lіnіyny kerіvnik for neobhіdnostі in spetsіalnih knowledge zvertaєtsya in pіdrozdіl to spetsіalіstіv potrіbnogo profіlyu for konsultatsієyu.

Planuvannya, fіnansuvannya Supply, zbut that number іnshih funktsіy vikonuyut spetsіalіsti obslugovuyuchogo aparata. Spetsіalnі funktsіonalnі pіdrozdіli pіdgotovlyayut lіnіynim kerіvnikam neobhіdnu іnformatsіyu for rіshen of acceptance.

The NKVD aparata incoming sekretarі that pomіchniki kerіvnikіv. Pong in organіzatsії nіyakih povnovazhen not toil i vikonuyut robot yak їm doruchaє kerіvnik. Not mayuchi formally povnovazhen, NKVD aparata Mauger vplivati ​​on osobistі Contacts kerіvnika s pіdleglimi, іnshimi kerіvnikami, zovnіshnіm seredovischem.

Cutaneous type admіnіstrativnogo aparata Got a dіapazon povnovazhen: rekomendatsіynі, SSMSC pіdlyagayut obov'yazkovomu pogodzhennyu, paralelnі, funktsіonalnі that lіnіynі vnutrіshnі of aparata.

When rekomendatsіynih povnovazhennyah an advisory body responsible perekonati kerіvnika in tsіnnostі svoїh poslug.

Pogodzhennyu pіdlyagayut deyakі power, SSMSC kerіvnitstvo organіzatsії vidіlyaє to tsogo. Tsі power in order obov'yazkovomu povinnі obgovoryuvatisya mіzh lіnіynim kerіvnikom i aparata staff.

For zapobіgannya digit pomilok at priynyattі rіshen kerіvnitstvo organіzatsії nadіlyaє aparata povnovazhennyami skasovuvati rіshennya lіnіynih kerіvnikіv abo skhvalyuvati їh, tobto dіyati parallel.

When priynyattі funktsіonalnih rіshen prіoritet zberіgaєtsya for funktsіonalnim body.

With great admіnіstrativnomu aparatі vіn Got stvoryuvati ієrarhіchnu structure (sectors, groups), svoї rіvnі upravlіnnya.

In Tsikh vipadkah admіnіstrativny aparata lіnіynu Got your company profile.

Povnovazhennya in organіzatsії not automatic and rozpodіlyayutsya. For efektivnosti deleguvannya povnovazhen neobhіdno rozrіznyati lіnіynu i funktsіonalno Staff dіyalnіst that organіzovuvati vzaєmovіdnosini mіzh lіnіynimi i povnovazhennyami staff.

Before lіnіynoї dіyalnostі traditsіyno nalezhit virobnicha, fіnansova that zbutova dіyalnіst. Funktsіonalno Staff dіyalnіst vistupaє pomіchnikom at vikonannі mainly funktsіy.



 
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