Management at Reigning organіzatsіyah - Tsurul OA

Topic 1. Fundamentals of Management

1.1. Sutnіst menedzhmentu.Naukova base management

Upravlіnnya yak dіyalnіst іsnuє vіdtodі, yak people vinikla require spіlnoї pratsі. Koli treba Bulo zbirati podatki, stvoryuvati armіyu, goduvati people SSMSC samі not viroblyali harchі, todі vinikla Pevnyi form upravlіnskoї dіyalnostі. Mabuchi, not Varto poyasnyuvati, yakoyu mіroyu in folding suspіlstvі XXI storіchchya potrіbnі upravlіnskі of Quality. Aje upravlіnnya organіzatsієyu in the minds rinkovoї Economy uniquely skladnіshe nіzh in tsentralіzovanіy command admіnіstrativnіy sistemі. Pov'yazano Tse yak s rozshirennyam їh rights that vіdpovіdalnostі upravlіntsіv so i h neobhіdnіstyu gnuchkoї adaptatsії to Shvidky Change log navkolishnogo seredovischa. In Tsikh minds:

  • vinikayut novі tsіlі that zavdannya, yakih ranіshe organіzatsії samostіyno not virіshuvali navіt i did not set;
  • zmіnyuyutsya FORMS vlasnostі;
  • vinikayut novі gospodarskі zv'yazki;
  • formuyutsya rinkovі mehanіzmi upravlіnnya ekonomіkoyu.

Problems SSMSC postayut in zv'yazku іz CIM nemozhlivo virіshiti without Suchasnyj profesіynogo management, and on mіrі zakrіplennya novih sotsіalnih that ekonomіchnih vіdnosin yogo role bude pіdvischuvatis, oskіlki management - tse bearing-down dvigun i priskoryuvach suspіlnogo rozvitku.

Ponyattya "management" traktuєtsya duzhe widely. So, the fundamental Oksfordskomu Dictionnaire management viznachaєtsya yak sposіb, manner spіlkuvannya s people; Vlada i Mistetstvo upravlіnnya; Especially old vmіnnya i admіnіstrativnі navichki; upravlіnnya (admіnіstrativna odinitsya) body. The "Dictionnaire іnozemnih slіv" (serії "Dictionnaire Ukraine") management podaєtsya yak yak i upravlіnnya virobnitstvom sukupnіst printsipіv, metodіv, zasobіv i forms upravlіnnya virobnitstvom s metoyu pіdvischennya yogo efektivnostі that pributkovostі.

Management viznachaєtsya yak іntegratsіyny processes for Relief yakogo profesіyno pіdgotovlenі spetsіalіsti formuyut organіzatsії i upravlyayutsya them Shlyakhov setting tsіley i rozrobki metodіv їh dosyagnennya. Process management peredbachaє vikonannya funktsіy planuvannya, organіzatsії, koordinatsії, motivatsії at zdіysnennі yakih manager zabezpechuyut minds for produktivnoї efektivnoї pratsі zaynyatih in organіzatsії pratsіvnikіv i obsession rezultatіv, SSMSC vіdpovіdayut tsіlyam. Tom management - Tse slit i vmіnnya dosyagati posed tsіley, spryamovuyuchi Prace, іntelekt, povedіnku people SSMSC pratsyuyut in organіzatsії. Je Tse pіdstavoyu for rozglyadu management processes vplivu yak on dіyalnіst okremogo pratsіvnika, groupies i organіzatsії in tsіlomu s metoyu dosyagnennya Maximum rezultatіv.

Umіnnya staviti i realіzovuvati tsіlі zasnovnik school Naukova management FW Taylor traktuvav yak Mistetstvo exactly viznachiti, scho i yak treba zrobiti naykraschim i naydeshevshim way. Tsim Mistetstvo guilty volodіti Pevnyi kategorіya people - managers, robot-being skladaєtsya s organіzatsії i upravlіnnya zusillyami personnel in tsіlomu for dosyagnennya kіntsevoї methylation.

Management - spetsifіchny body Suchasnyj organіzatsіy. Without Demba organіzatsіya yak tsіlіsne utvorennya not Mauger i іsnuvati pratsyuvati efektivnosti. Aparata upravlіnnya Je warehouses Chastain whether yakoї organіzatsії i asotsіyuєtsya s ponyattyam її management. HEAD zavdannya people zaynyatih in organіzatsії - tse efektivnosti vikoristannya i koordinatsіya vsіh resursіv organіzatsії (kapіtalu, budіvel, obladnannya, materіalіv, pratsі, Informácie) for dosyagnennya її tsіley. So rank, management yavlyaє him tsіlespryamovany vpliv on dіyalnіst usіh pratsіvnikіv organіzatsії for uspіshnogo dosyagnennya them tsіley Shlyakhov productive vikoristannya resursіv.

Organіzatsіya efektivnosti spіvrobіtnitstva bagatoh people - tse nitty gritty management. Manager brought spіvpratsyuvati Zi svoїmi Colleges, predstavnikami іnshih organіzatsіy and takozh s kerіvnitstvom, i organіzovuvati productive dіyalnіst pіdleglih. To dwellers spіlna Prace pevnoї groupies people bula productivity potrіbno nalagodzhuvati vzaєmopriynyatnі stosunki not tіlki s vischim kerіvnitstvom and second Zi svoїmi pіdleglimi. Not zavzhdi naykraschoyu Form vіdnosin s pіdleglimi Je komanduvannya, rozporyadnitstvo. Produktivnіshoyu Form vzaєmovіdnosin mіzh kerіvnikom i pіdleglim dedalі chastіshe vvazhaєtsya spіvpratsya in yakіy Leather s Statement on bere uchasnikіv pevnі zobov'yazannya i vіdpovіdalnіst stosovno vikonannya spіlnoї robots. Upravlіnska peretvoryuєtsya vertical to horizontal upravlіnsku. Such organіzatsіya efektivnosti spіvrobіtnitstva dіstala sinergії titles.

Dictionnaire іnshomovnih slіv viznachaє word "sinergіchnіst" yak spіvrobіtnitstvo, spіvdruzhnіst, yak Taqiy varіant reaktsії organіzmu on kombіnovanu dіyu dvoh abo dekіlkoh lіkarskih rechovin, Cauterets harakterizuєtsya tim, scho otrimany result perevischuє dіyu, yak spravlyaє dermal component okremo. So rank, termіn "sinergіchnіst" Got medichne pohodzhennya i oznachaє, Vlasnyi, pіdsilyuvalny efekt.

Stosovno management termіn "sinergіya" Pocha vikoristovuvatis in drugіy polovinі twentieth stolіttya.

Sinergіya (sinergіchnіst) yavlyaє him efekt pіdvischennya rezultativnostі for rakhunok i vikoristannya vzaєmozv'yazkіv vzaєmopіdsilennya rіznih vidіv dіyalnostі, if zagalny efekt perevischuє scrip pokaznikіv vіddachі vsіh resursіv scho dіyut Square. Formula sinergії: "2 + 2 = 5, 6, ..., N» pokazuє scho zagalna vіddacha vsіh faktorіv in organіzatsії Vishcha nіzh scrip pokaznikіv Square vikoristannya Tsikh faktorіv pіdrozdіlami (pratsіvnikami) organіzatsії, tobto if used stench dіyali okremo. Power about those naskіlki Tsey efekt perevischuє arithmeticity scrip, pov'yazane s yakіstyu management stage i vzaєmodopovnennya warehouses.

Neobhіdno vrahovuvati Vier osnovnі Vidi sinergії, SSMSC іsnuyut in sferі management.

  • Rinkova sinergіya - dodatkovy sales of abo dekіlkoh produktіv (poslug) on one abo dekіlkoh іnshih Rink. Butt takoї sinergії vistupayut amerikanskі kompanії "Coca-Cola", "McDonald's" i bagato іnshih, scho i dіyut in Ukraїnі.
  • Ekonomichna (costly) sinergіya pov'yazana Zi znizhennyam vitrat on virobnitstvo i produktsії sales (poslug) for vikoristannya rakhunok quiet for themselves іnzhenernih pіdrozdіlіv proektuvannya, bіlsh schіlnogo zavantazhennya nayavnih virobnichih bearing-down, kanalіv rozpodіlu, utilіzatsії vіdhodіv toscho. In tsomu razі poєdnannya virobnichih protsesіv іstotno skorochuє vitrati porіvnyano s vіdokremlenimi processes.
  • Tehnologіchna sinergіya - transfer tehnologіy s odnієї spherical zastosuvannya to іnshoї i, so rank, vіdkrittya novih rinkіv zastosuvannya nayavnih tehnologіy. Zavdyaki tehnologіchnіy sinergії pributkovі novі markets Agricultural Art mozhut Buti zahoplenі without expensive vivedennya on tsі markets Agricultural Art novih produktіv.
  • Menedzherska sinergіya takozh bazuєtsya on transferі, ale upravlіnskih knowledge navichok, dosvіdu. Napriklad, organіzatsіya s nezadovіlnim Keeping oblіku naymaє kerіvnika, yaky Got good pіdgotovku in danіy sferі. Yakscho Tsei kerіvnik not tіlki vikoristovuє in svoїy profesіynіy dіyalnostі svoї Znannya that navichki in sferі oblіku and second peredaє їh іnshim then vіdbuvaєtsya menedzherska sinergіya, yak daє znachnі perevagi organіzatsії.

Zvichayno, dosyagati sinergіchnogo efekta Duzhe smoothly. For tsogo potrіbna Visoka kvalіfіkatsіya manager not deprivation, and th usіh pratsіvnikіv, tobto OAO All zaznachenі Vier Vidi sinergії mozhlivі for nayavnostі Teams - groups spіvrobіtnikіv scho dopovnyuyut i pіdtrimuyut one single. Vodnochase neobhіdno zasterіgati polіtikіv that bіznesmenіv od ten nayposhirenіshih types pomilok, SSMSC ruynuyut pіdstavi for utvorennya in kolektivі sinergіzmu i znizhuyut efektivnіst spіvpratsі. Tse:

1. Peretvorennya kerіvnika on vikonavtsya. Cheema kerіvnikіv not pripinyaє vikonannya svoїh kolishnіh obov'yazkіv fahіvtsіv, vitrachayut on tse hour. Such kerіvniku not vdaєtsya podolati in svoїy kar'єrі "great pass" (termіnologіya D. Fuller) - vіdstan od kvalіfіkovanogo vikonavtsya to kerіvnika. Tom Taqiy kerіvnik not Got anі hour, anі navichok for organіzatsії that motivatsії spravzhnogo spіvrobіtnitstva without chogo sinergіya nemozhliva.

2. Vіdmova od deleguvannya. Deleguvannya spriyaє vdoskonalennyu robots pіdleglih i pіdvischennyu їhnoї profesіynoї maysternostі. Tom Perche nіzh brother to novoї robots chi zavdannya, Energize yourself: Mauger, dotsіlno send out to the qiu robot komus іz your pіdleglih?

3. Viznachennya tsіley in vіdrivі od pratsіvnikіv. Vіdsutnіst zv'yazku mіzh tsіlyami organіzatsії that dіyalnіstyu pratsіvnikіv znizhuє їhnі PERSPECTIVE i spravzhnyu motivatsіyu to spіvrobіtnitstva, peretvoryuє pratsіvnikіv on mehanіchnih vikonavtsіv Yakimov sinergіya not pritamanna.

4. Vіdmova od spіlkuvannya. Zhodna naydostovіrnіsha іnformatsіya ref about a camp at organіzatsії nіkoli not live zamіnit spіlkuvannya kerіvnika s staff. Otzhe, nayzavantazhenіshomu manager nіkoli not slіd zabuvati Just i Nadzvychaina sytuatsia vazhlive rule - pogovoriti s pіdleglimi. Spіlkuvannya absolutely neobhіdne for good Zdorov'ya suchasnoї organіzatsії that plіdnoї її pratsі.

5. Vіdmova od navchannya. Oskіlki seredovische that organіzatsіya postіyno zmіnyuyutsya, kerіvniku vazhlivo not tіlki turbuvatisya about navchannya staff and th postіyno vchitisya himself.

Kerіvniku potrіbno vdoskonalyuvati sposіb Keeping in Svoge bіznesu mіru of yak zmіnyuєtsya dіlove seredovische.

6. Opіr zmіnam. Zamіst of dwellers repairs opіr zmіnam i reaguvati them already pіslya of yak stink vіdbulisya, of Namangan peredbachati zmіni scho vіdbuvayutsya, rozroblyayte plans, scho give zmogu vrahuvati tsі zmіni before the stench of yak vplinut your company profile. In tsomu vipadku duzhe dorechnim bude Taqiy zhartіvlivy vislіv "Yakscho not vie spromozhnі zapobіgti revolyutsії, sprobuyte ocholiti її".

7. Vіdsutnіst hour for pіdleglih. Leather s pіdleglih potrebuє spіlkuvannya kerіvnikom s, Money Does TER Wkra vazhlivo pochuti scho hochut stink skazati. Pridіlіt tsomu uwagi, viznachіt for spіlkuvannya potrіbnu Quantity Godin, i people z'yavitsya vpevnenіst without yakoї sinergіya nemozhliva.

8. Іgnoruvannya dosyagnen pratsіvnikіv. Duzhe often kerіvniki vvazhayut scho productive Prace - tse schos zrozumіle sama himself. However dosyagnennya skin pratsіvnika not obov'yazkovo pov'yazuvati s premієyu: koshtіv on Tse Mauger i do not Buti. Іsnuє bagato іnshih sposobіv vіdznachennya temple dosyagnen not vdayuchis to materіalnih stimulіv.

9. Pragnennya Shvydko usunuti problem zamіst residual її virіshennya. Usunuti problem - tse mean zagasiti pozhezhu. Residual virіshiti problem oznachaє know the reason viniknennya Pozhezhi, viznachiti zdіysniti i come in, for yakih from maybutnomu viniknennya Pozhezhi nemozhlivim camp.

10. Zanadto seryozne spriynyattya dіlovogo Zhittya. BIZNES i polіtika - Fix seryoznі. Ale Zhittya deprivation to them zvoditsya. Zberіgayte pochuttya humors, pіdtrimuyte nevimushenі stosunki pіdleglimi h, i kerіvnikami Colleges. Nerіdko Dovgy pam'yatayut not silent, hto "robiv feats" on robotі (up rechі often Tsikh podvigіv nіhto, krіm їhnіh vikonavtsіv not pomіchaє and otrimanі visokі result vvazhayutsya zrozumіlim by itself), and the quiet, hto prikrashav robot away zhartom, roblyachi її bіlsh priєmnoyu.

In the twentieth stolіttі management vidіlivsya in samostіynu Galuzo knowledge, science, yak Got svіy subject vivchennya, svoї spetsifіchnі problemi i pіdhodi to їhnogo virіshennya. Naukova basis tsієї distsiplіni skladaє sukupnіst knowledge about upravlіnnya, yak nakopichilasya for sotnі, tisyachі rokіv i practices presented in viglyadі kontseptsіy, teorіy, printsipіv, sposobіv, forms upravlіnnya. In viznachennі management science nagoloshuєtsya yak on vazhlivostі vporyadkuvannya knowledge about upravlіnnya. Pong dozvolyayut not tіlki svoєchasno i yakіsno upravlyati precisely right, ale th prognozuvati rozvitok podіy i vіdpovіdno to tsogo rozroblyati strategіyu that polіtiku organіzatsії. In zv'yazku іz CIM science upravlіnnya rozroblyaє his teorіyu, zmіstom yakoї Yea i Zakoni zakonomіrnostі, principles funktsії, forms i Metodi tsіlespryamovanoї dіyalnostі people have protsesі upravlіnnya.

Rozumіnnya management yak Mistetstvo upravlіnnya bazuєtsya to ensure scho organіzatsії - tse skladnі sotsіalno-tehnіchnі system on funktsіonuvannya yakih vplivayut chislennі th rіznomanіtnі chinniki. People SSMSC pratsyuyut in organіzatsіyah i s organіzatsіyami - tse naygolovnіshy chinnik, urahuvannya yakogo vimagaє not tіlki Naukova pіdhodu, ale yogo th Hist vikoristannya in specific situatsіyah. Aje Leather pratsіvnik Got NKVD character, its system tsіnnostey i motivates to pratsі toscho. In zv'yazku іz CIM management rozglyadaєtsya Mistetstvo yak, yak Got ґruntuvatisya on Pevnyi kontseptsіyah, teorіyah, forms i methods zreshtoyu on praktitsі. Taqiy pіdhіd dozvolyaє ob'єdnati science upravlіnnya i Mistetstvo upravlіnnya in єdiny processes.