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Ekonomіka pratsі - Zavіnovska GT

1.3. Basics of market analysis Teoretichnі analіzu pratsі

In zahіdnih ekonomіchnih teorіyah rozrіznyayut takі osnovnі kontseptsії analіzu Suchasnyj market analysis, SSMSC rozkrivayut yogo structure funktsіonuvannya th bezrobіttya Especially on the macro i mіkrorіvnyah.

Persha kontseptsіya - neoklasichna. Її dotrimuyutsya neoklasiki (A. Marshall, A. Pіgu, J.. Perі, R. Hall that іn.) I prihilniki kontseptsії Economy Offers (D. Gіdler, A. Lafer that іn.). Zgіdno s tsієyu kontseptsієyu, rinok pratsі dіє on osnovі tsіnovoї rіvnovagi, tobto regulator Rinku Je Rate robochoї Sealy (zarobіtna fee), scho regulyuє popit that propozitsіyu robochoї Seeley. Yakscho popit perevischuє propozitsіyu, pratsіvniki proponuyut svoї Hotel for dedalі vischimi rates zarobіtnoї pay, i robotodavtsі vimushenі platiti zarobіtnu fee vischu od rinkovoї. In Taqiy sposіb ustanovlyuєtsya rіvnovaga. The I navpaki, if propozitsіya perevischuє popit, vinikaє bezrobіttya. In tsomu razі robotodavtsі naymayut pratsіvnikіv for dedalі nizhchimi rates zarobіtnoї pay. In the market analysis znovu nastaє rіvnovaga.

Teorіya rіvnovagi viklyuchaє bezrobіttya and nayavnіst ostannogo poyasnyuєtsya yogo dobrovіlnim character and takozh pragnennyam pratsіvnikіv to maximize vigіdnoї robots.

In kontseptsії keynsіantsіv (J. M. Keynes that іn.) Rinok pratsі harakterizuєtsya postіynoyu rіvnovagoyu. The main regulator of market analysis pratsі Je power, yak vplivaє on sukupny popit Yak Hotel on goods i, so i on the Pratzen. Cena is not Yea regulator pratsі market analysis.

Keynsіantsі poyasnyuyut bezrobіttya znizhennyam sukupnogo popitu on vіdmіnu od neoklasikіv, SSMSC pov'yazuyut tse yavische s nadmіrnim podorozhchannyam robochoї Seeley.

Monetarism (Frіdman M., F. Machlup, L. Robbіns that іn.) Ґruntuєtsya neobhіdnostі on "natural" rіvnya bezrobіttya, zhorstkoї structuring tsіn on robochem force. Predstavniki tsієї kontseptsії vvazhayut scho dosyagnennya rinkovoї stabіlnostі i rіvnovagi mozhlive in the minds vіlnoї konkurentsії on Rinku s gnuchkimi tsіnami i zarobіtnoyu dress without vtruchannya powers i profspіlok. Urіvnovazhennyu market analysis on їhnyu Dumka, Mauger spriyati vikoristannya mehanіzmu penny-kreditnoї polіtiki (oblіkova rate of the central bank, rozmіri obov'yazkovih rezervіv komertsіynih bankіv on rahunkah natsіonalnogo central bank).

Іnstitutsіonalіstska kontseptsіya character Rinku pratsі poyasnyuє Especially dinamіki okremih Galuzo that profesіyno-demografіchnih group. Uwagi kontsentruєtsya not makroekonomіchnomu analіzі pratsі market analysis, and analіzі profesіynih that galuzevih rozbіzhnostey strukturі robochoї in Sealy, rіvnіv zarobіtnoї pay.

In marksistskіy teorії nagoloshuєtsya scho rinok pratsі Hoca i funktsіonuє vіdpovіdno to zagalnih rinkovih zakonomіrnostey against vіn Got osoblivostі. Peredusіm tse viyavlyaєtsya in fact scho goods "robochem force" in protsesі pratsі stvoryuє vartіst and vartіst usіh іnshih resursіv deprivation transferred to Novo vartіst Prace. Okrіm of robochem force yak goods vplivaє on spіvvіdnoshennya popitu i Offers that its rinkovu tsіnu.

Vіdomo kіlka models pratsі market analysis, SSMSC pov'yazanі s Especially polіtiki zaynyatostі scho held in okremih kraїnah. Natsionalna model Rinku pratsі skladaєtsya s tієї chi іnshoї Sistemi pіdgotovki, perepіdgotovki, pіdvischennya kvalіfіkatsії pratsіvnikіv, systems zapovnennya vacant robochem mіsts i sposobіv regulyuvannya of labor vіdnosin s participation profspіlok.

Vіdpovіdno to kombіnatsії Tsikh warehouses rozrіznyayut yaponsku model pratsі market analysis, the US model, a model that shvedsku іn.

For yaponskoї modelі characteristic of the system of labor vіdnosin, yak ґruntuєtsya on printsipі "dovіchnogo employment" for yakoї garantuєtsya zaynyatіst pratsіvnika on pіdpriєmstvі right up to him dosyagnennya vіku 55-60 rokіv. Rozmіri zarobіtnoї pay pratsіvnikіv i sotsіalnih vinagorod directly stale od kіlkostі vіdpratsovanih rokіv. When tsomu protyagom usієї trudovoї dіyalnostі pratsіvni-

ki perіodichno pіdvischuyut kvalіfіkatsіyu in vіdpovіdnih vnutrіshnofіrmovih services, i peremіschennya їh vіdbuvaєtsya strictly the plan. Such polіtika spriyaє vihovannyu in pratsіvnikіv fіrmi CREATIVE representations to vikonannya svoїh obov'yazkіv, pіdvischennyu їh vіdpovіdalnostі for yakіst robots. In razі neobhіdnostі skorochennya virobnitstva pіdpriєmtsі zdebіlshogo virіshuyut tsі problem is not zvіlnennyam staff and translated Chastain pratsіvnikіv for їhnoї Zgoda on INSHI pіdpriєmstva abo skorochennyam trivalostі robochem hour to danomu pіdpriєmstvі.

For the US market analysis pratsі characterized detsentralіzatsіya zakonodavstva about zaynyatіst i Relief bezrobіtnim, tobto Won rozroblyaєtsya th uhvalyuєtsya cutaneous okremo staff. In razі neobhіdnostі skorochennya obsyagu pratsі abo virobnitstva trivalіst robochem one hour pratsіvnika not zmіnyuєtsya and Chastina pratsіvnikіv Mauger Buti zvіlnena. About zvіlnennya pratsіvnikіv povіdomlyayut not zazdalegіd and to himself zvіlnennyam. Collective agreements ohoplena deprivation chvert usіh pratsіvnikіv. Vnutrіshnofіrmovoї pіdgotovki staff mayzhe Absent for vinyatkom pіdgotovki spetsifіchnih spetsіalnostey. Peresuvannya pratsіvnikіv vіdbuvaєtsya zdebіlshogo through pratsіvnika translated into another robot. Such polіtika fіrm Veda to visokoї geografіchnoї i profesіynoї mobіlnostі pratsіvnikіv and takozh to vischogo rіvnya bezrobіttya, nіzh in Yaponії that Shvetsії.

Shvedsku model harakterizuє active polіtika powers schodo zaynyatostі, vnaslіdok chogo rіven bezrobіttya in tsіy kraїnі mіnіmalny. Polіtika on market analysis pratsі polyagaє in poperedzhennі bezrobіttya and not spriyannі note hto vzhe vtrativ robot. Povny zaynyatіst dosyagaєtsya for rakhunok such zahodіv:

• Venue of vіdpovіdnoї fіskalnoї polіtiki, spryamovanoї on pіdtrimannya Mensch pributkovih of companies i obmezhennya pributku visokodohіdnih fіrm s metoyu znizhennya іnflyatsіynoї konkurentsії mіzh fіrmami through pіdvischennya zarobіtnoї pay;
• Conducting "polіtiki solіdarnostі" in zarobіtnіy platі for dosyagnennya odnakovoї pay for odnakovu Square Praca od fіnansovogo become quiet chi іnshih fіrm scho sponukaє malopributkovі pіdpriєmstva skorochuvati chiselnіst pratsіvnikіv, zmenshuvati abo pripinyati his dіyalnіst and visokopributkovі - obmezhuvati rіven Pay nizhche svoїh mozhlivostey;
• pіdtrimuvannya zaynyatostі in quiet areas of Economy, SSMSC Mali nizkі result dіyalnostі against zabezpechuvali rozv'yazannya sotsіalnih zavdan.

Kozhnіy derzhavі pritamannі svoї osoblivostі formuvannya Rinku pratsі zumovlenі resource, geografіchnimi, ekonomіchnimi, polіtichnimi that іnshimi reasons.

In Ukraїnі trivaly hour іsnuvala monopolіya derzhavnoї vlasnostі, zhorstka reglamentatsіya rozmіrіv zarobіtnoї pay, nayavnіst іnstitutu residence, scho prizvelo to deformatsії pratsі market analysis.

Sogodnі formuvannya Rinku pratsі in Ukraїnі zdіysnyuєtsya in the minds krizovoe become Economy, neefektivnoї її structure Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rozvinenoї vazhkoї promislovostі th slabkoї spheres of national spozhivannya, zalezhnostі Economy od kooperovanih zv'yazkіv s powers LICs, nasampered supply od energonosіїv s Russie.

Zagalom Suchasnyj Rinku pratsі in Ukraїnі pritamannі takі acquaint themselves:

• perevischennya Offers robochoї Sealy over popitom;
• nizka Cena robochoї Sealy, її nevіdpovіdnіst realnіy vartostі;
• znizhennya zaynyatostі in sferі suspіlnogo virobnitstva, zrostannya chiselnostі nezaynyatogo population;
• nizka chastka ofіtsіyno zareєstrovanih bezrobіtnih for great masshtabіv zrostannya prihovanogo bezrobіttya;
• nayavnіst digit masshtabіv nereglamentovanoї zaynyatostі;
• zrostannya molodіzhnogo bezrobіttya;
• regіonalnі disproportsії mіzh nayavnіstyu i needed in robochіy silі;
• nizka profesіyna th Especially teritorіalna mobіlnіst resursіv of labor;
• vіdsutnіst abo nedostatnya opratsovanіst legal norms that organіzatsіyno-ekonomіchnih mehanіzmіv scho regulyuyut trudovі vіdnosini, toscho;
• emіgratsіya visokokvalіfіkovanoї robochoї Seeley.

1. Shcho yavlyaє him rinok pratsі?

2. SSMSC minds viniknennya that efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya pratsі market analysis?

3. Describe Elements of market analysis pratsі.

4. SSMSC osoblivostі product "robochem force"?

5. chomu polyagaє sutnіst kon'yunkturi pratsі market analysis?

6. SSMSC іsnuyut tipi kon'yunkturi pratsі market analysis?

7. SSMSC Yea i tipi Vidi rinkіv pratsі?

8. Poyasnіt vіdmіnnostі mіzh vіdkritim i prihovanim Rink pratsі.

9. chomu polyagaє sutnіst segmentatsії pratsі market analysis?

10. Describe teoretichnі Basics of analіzu pratsі market analysis.