Organization of production - Kurochkin A.S.

5. ORGANIZATION OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPLY OF PRODUCTION AND SALES OF FINISHED PRODUCTION

5.1. The role and importance of material and technical supply and marketing of finished products

The material and technical supply of the enterprise as a subsystem of the production system maintenance largely determines the quality of the production process and finished products. If the quality of this subsystem is poor, it is impossible for a highly efficient work of the production system.

The process of material and technical supply of production is aimed at the timely delivery to the warehouses of the enterprise or immediately to the workplaces required in accordance with the plan of material and technical resources. The material and technical resources include raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and components, purchased technological equipment and technological equipment (tools, cutting and measuring tools), new vehicles, handling equipment, computers and other equipment, as well as purchased fuel , Energy, water, etc. In other words, everything that enters the enterprise in material form and in the form of energy refers to the elements of the material and technical supply of production.

The rational organization of material and technical supply largely determines the level of use of the means of production in the enterprise, the increase of labor productivity, the reduction of the cost of production, the increase in profit and profitability. This also determines the role and importance of material and technical supply in the system of organization of production.

The supply of production with the necessary material resources is the initial link in the production process, and the sale of finished products is its completion.

Under the material and technical supply of the enterprise is understood the process of providing it with all types of material and technical resources in the required time and in quantities necessary for the rhythmic implementation of its production activities. From the organization of supply, the timeliness of the receipt of material resources in the required assortment, quantity and quality, the uniform and rhythmic output of finished products essentially depend, its quality and efficiency of the collective of the enterprise.

The main task of the enterprise for the organization and management of material and technical supply is the timely, uninterrupted and complete supply of production with all the necessary material resources for the production process in strict accordance with the approved planning targets. At the same time, the procurement process should be carried out with minimum transport and storage costs and the best use of material resources in production.

In the practice of enterprises, there are two forms of supply: transit and storage.

In the transit form of supply, material resources are transferred from the supplier to the consumer directly, bypassing intermediate bases and warehouses of intermediary organizations. This form of obtaining resources directly from the supplier accelerates the delivery and reduces transportation and procurement costs. However, its use is limited by transit transit standards (that is, the minimum permissible total quantity of products shipped by the manufacturing enterprise to the consumer under one order), less than which the supplier does not accept the order for execution. Using this form of supply for materials with a small need leads to an increase in inventories and related costs.

Warehouse supply form, in which the necessary material resources the enterprise receives from the bases and warehouses of supply and sales organizations, it is economically expedient to use for materials consumed in small quantities.

Material resources are supplied to the enterprise through economic ties. Economic ties are a combination of economic organizational and legal relationships that arise between suppliers and consumers of means of production. A rational system of economic ties presupposes minimization of production and circulation costs, full correspondence of quantity, quality and assortment of supplied products to the needs of production, timeliness and completeness of its receipt.

The economic relations of enterprises with suppliers of material resources are organized both directly with the supplier enterprises and with the territorial supply agencies - intermediaries. In the first case, the most important task is the development of direct long-term relationships, by which this form of economic relations is understood, when the specific terms of delivery, assortment, quality, terms, mutual material responsibility and other issues are agreed directly on the basis of direct contracts.

There are two schemes for organizing the supply of material resources: self-delivery and centralized delivery.

Pickup is characterized by the absence of a single body that ensures optimal use of transport. Under such a scheme, the enterprise independently organizes the transportation of the material resources necessary for it. Vehicles used for self transportation are inefficient due to downtime in the queue for loading, delays in processing documents for the release of inventory and other reasons.

With centralized delivery of material resources, the manufacturing enterprise, by preliminary agreement with consumers, organizes the delivery on its own transport. This scheme of organization of delivery allows you to avoid the shortcomings arising from self-export. At the same time, the degree of use of transport and warehouse space is increasing; The level of organization of labor of warehouse workers engaged in the shipment of finished products increases; Commodity stocks are optimized both at the manufacturer, and at consumers of production.

The organization of supply of the enterprise is commercial activity. But the commercial activity of the enterprise is not limited to supply only. Another important component of this activity is the sale of finished products. All products are produced for consumption, so it must not only be produced, but also realized, that is, brought to the consumer and paid for by the latter. This determines the role and importance of the company's operational and sales activities.

The main task of sales organization in the enterprise is to ensure the timely and most complete implementation of the plan for the sale of products in accordance with the concluded contracts, i.e. the products must be delivered to the customer in a timely, rhythmic, exact manner in accordance with the scope and range of contractual obligations.

As is known, material and technical supply and marketing on the scale of the national economy are two sides of a single process of commodity circulation of means of production. Therefore, some types of economic contracts can only be conditionally attributed to the supply or sale. They can simultaneously serve for one economic entity as a legal form of material and technical support, for another - as a form of sale and sale of products.

At present, in addition to the forms of supply considered, such forms and methods of providing the enterprise with material resources are also widely used:

• Commodity exchanges;

• auctions, competitions;

• wholesale purchases;

• regular purchases in small batches;

• Procurement as needed.

The enterprise chooses the specific form (method) of providing material and technical resources based on the characteristics of the resource, the duration of its receipt, the number of proposals, the quantity and price of the resource.

When determining the form of providing the enterprise with resources, it is necessary to take into account the reliability of the supplier and the level of competitiveness of the products it produces.