home Management lecture notes Upravlіnnya special projects (abstract lektsіy NUDPSU)

Upravlіnnya special projects (abstract lektsіy NUDPSU)

4.6. Planuvannya vartostі project

Upravlіnnya vartіstyu project zoseredzheno mainly on vartostі resursіv, neobhіdnih for zdіysnennya robіt in proektі. Prote, Got Booty rozglyanuty takozh vpliv Design rіshen on vartіst vikoristannya product design. Napriklad, obmezhennya kіlkostі pereotsіnyuvan project Mauger zmenshiti vartіst project for rakhunok perekladennya deyakih vitrat on spozhivacha. Taqiy extensive looking at a project often nazivayut zhittєvim vartostі cycle.

Planuvannya vartostі project Got ohoplyuvati іnformatsіynі require zatsіkavlenih osіb project SSMSC mozhut kontrolyuvati vartostі project rіzny sposіb i in rіzny hour. Napriklad, vartіst yakoїs zakupіvlі mozhna prokontrolyuvati at uzgodzhennі, zamovlennі, postachannі chi dokumentuvannі in tsіlyah oblіku.

Yakscho vartostі project vikoristovuyut yak system components vinagorodi th viznannya merits, the toil Buti otsіnenі kontrolovanі that nekontrolovanі vartostі, i budget for them slіd formuvati okremo, todі garantіya bude, scho piled vіdobrazhaє precisely vikonannya project.

In deyakih projects Especially small, planuvannya resursіv, otsіnka vartostі that viznachennya budget nastіlki tіsno "zv'yazanі, scho yak mozhut rozglyadatisya one processes (napriklad, stink shaping can vikonuvatisya odnієyu owes a special debt for short perіod hour). Then yak stink predstavlenі okremі processes, oskіlki Metodi that zasobi for dermal s are rіznі.

Planuvannya resursіv vklyuchaє viznachennya of SSMSC resources (lyudskі resources obladnannya, materіali) i in yakіy kіlkostі toil Buti zadіyanі for vikonannya robіt project.

Otsіnka vartostі vklyuchaє rozrobku pribliznoї (otsіnki) vartostі resursіv, neobhіdnih for vikonannya robіt project.

Yakscho project vikonuєtsya for contract uwagi Got Booty pridіlena vіdmіnnostі mіzh otsіnkoyu vartostі that tsіnovoyu polіtikoyu. Otsіnka vartostі vklyuchaє otrimannya otsіnki ymovіrnih kіlkіsnih rezultatіv - skіlki koshtuvatime for organіzatsії scho vikonuє project rozrobka particular product Chi Hotel. Tsіnova polіtika - tse komertsіyne rіshennya, skіlki koshtіv vitratiti organіzatsіya Mauger, scho vikonuє project on virobnitstvo product chi Hotel; then won vikoristovuє one yak s bezlіchі chinnikіv i otsіnku vartostі.

Otsіnka vartostі vklyuchaє viznachennya i rozglyad rіznih vartіsnih alternatives. Napriklad have bіlshostі application areas dodatkova robot protyagom Fazi rozrobki widely vikoristovuєtsya for skorochennya vitrat in fazі virobnitstva. Otsіnyuyuchi vartіst, slіd rozglyanuti, chi dopomozhut dodatkovі vitrati on proektnі robots dіstati ekonomіyu ochіkuvanih vitrat.

Vhіdnimi danimi for otsіnki vartostі Je:

1. Ієrarhіchna robіt structure. Ієrarhіchna structure robіt (WVS - structure), won vikoristovuєtsya for uporyadkuvannya otsіnok vartostі i for zabezpechennya of dwellers has been viewed otsіnena all neobhіdna robot.

2. Vimogi to resursіv - tse description of SSMSC resursіv i tipi in yakih kіlkostyah neobhіdnі for cutaneous Elements ієrarhіchnoї structuring robіt.

3. Resursnі norms. Okrema person (grupa osіb), scho pratsyuє over otsіnkami, guilty nobility odinichnі normalized (Pogodin staff salaries, vartіst kubіchnogo yard materіalu toscho) for cutaneous resource for dwellers rozrahuvati proektnі vartostі. Yakscho faktichnі nevіdomі normalized, you can otsіniti samі norms.

4. Otsіnka Trivalostі robіt. Otsіnka trivalostі robіt weight vplinuti on otsіnki vartostі to whether Money Does proektі Where Money Does budget vklyuchaє vitrati on fіnansuvannya robіt -kapіtalovkladennya.

5. Іnformatsіya s arhіvu. Іnformatsіya s arhіvu vіdnosno vartostі bagatoh kategorіy resursіv s available one ABO kіlkoh such Jerel:

• project files - one chi bіlshe organіzatsіy, zaluchenih to project mozhut zberіgati write about poperednі proektnі result, SSMSC Je dostatno detail dwellers dopomogti in otsіntsі vartostі. In deyakih application areas takі recording mozhut zberіgati okremі team members.

• Komertsіynі bazi danih s otsіnkami vartostі - іnformatsіya s arhіvu often Mauger Buti komertsіynі available through the channel.

• Іnformovanіst chlenіv project team - project team members okremі mozhut pam'yatati poperednі faktichnі result abo otsіnki. Hoch such іnformatsіya the I Mauger Why have prigodі against the won in the main not nadіyna Taka, yak one scho zadokumentovana.

6. Map oblіku. Map oblіku opisuє code structures, scho vikoristovuєtsya vikonavchoyu organіzatsієyu for skladannya fіnansovogo zvіtu in golovnіy knizі. Otsіnki vartostі project priznachatisya toil for the correctness kategorієyu oblіku.

Figure 4.9. Logіchna scheme otsіnki vartostі resursіv project

Metodi that zasobi otsіnki vartostі:

1. Otsіnka on OSNOVІ analogіv. Otsіnka on osnovі analogіv, abo otsіnka "zverhu - down" oznachaє vikoristannya faktichnoї vartostі poperednoї analogіchnoї robots yak otsіnki vartostі maybutnoї robots. Vaughn often vikoristovuєtsya for otsіnki zagalnoї vartostі project, if Demba about Je nebagato detalnoї Informácie (napriklad on yogo rannіh phases).

Otsіnka on osnovі analogіv deshevshe for INSHI methods. Vaughn naybіlsh nadіyna, if (a) poperednі projection tіlki All related not to the shape, and the second for zmіstom, if i (b) individuals (grupa osіb) vikonuyut scho qiu robot toil neobhіdny dosvіd.

2. the parame- modelyuvannya. The parame- modelyuvannya vklyuchaє vikoristannya vlastivostey (parametrіv) matematichnoї modelі forecast for vartostі project. Modelі shaping can Buti simple (at zvedennі zhitlovogo budinku square meters zhitlovoї ploschі koshtuvatime Pevnyi bag of pennies) abo folding (one model of software vartostі rozrobki zabezpechennya vikoristovuє 13 rіznih zmіnnih chinnikіv by dermal s yakih Je 5-7 values).

Yak vartіst so i tochnіst the parame- varіyuєtsya models have great furrows. Naybіlsh іmovіrno nadіynimi stench will, if (a) іnformatsіya s arhіvu scho vikoristovuєtsya for rozrobki modelі, Bula dostatno accurately, (b) vikoristovuvanі in modelі parametric Je such scho chіtko vimіryuyutsya kіlkіsno, i if (a) the model pratsyuє odnakovo good yak for duzhe great project, so i to duzhe small.

3. Otsіnka "znizu - up." polyagaє method in otsіntsі vartostі okremih elementіv robіt i away pіdsumovuvannі їh otrimannya to the project result.

Vartіst i tochnіst otsіnki "znizu - up" stale od rozmіru okremih elementіv robіt: cpm drіbnіshі Elements robіt, team vischі vartіst i tochnіst.

4. Programnі Zasobi. Takі programnі zasobi, yak software zabezpechennya s upravlіnnya projects th elektronnі tablitsі widely vikoristovuyutsya for Relief in otsіntsі vartostі. Pong shaping can sprostiti vikoristannya metodіv, description vische, i in Taqiy sposіb spriyati priskorennyu rozglyadu vartіsnih alternatives.

Results otsіnki vartostі Je:

1. Koshtoris. Koshtoris - tse kіlkіsna otsіnka іmovіrnih values ​​vartostey resursіv, neobhіdnih robіt to complete the project. Pong shaping can Buti predstavlenі sumarno abo detail.

Vartostі toil Buti otsіnenі for vsіh resursіv, SSMSC vikoristovuvatimutsya in proektі. Vartostі vklyuchayut (ale not obmezhuyutsya) vartіst resursіv of labor, materіalіv, supply i spetsіalnі Vidi vartostey, takі yak correction іnflyatsіyu chi fiscal reserves.

Vartіst zagalom virazhaєtsya in penny odinitsyah (UAH, Dolar, francs, ієnah i t. Іn.) For the dwellers sprostiti porіvnyannya yak vseredinі one project, so i mіzh rіznimi projects. INSHI odinitsі, yak Person of takі-Godin abo Lyudin-dnі, shaping can Buti vikoristanі, Yakscho without їh zastosuvannya not mozhna bude correctly otsіniti vartіst project (napriklad, trudnoschі in vіdmіnnostі resursіv s duzhe rіznimi vartostyami). Іnkoli for otsіnki shaping can Buti zastosovanі rіznі odinitsі vimіryuvannya -schob vdoskonaliti control upravlіnnyam.

Otsіnka vartostі Mauger utochnyuvatisya in hodі vikonannya project for dwellers vіdobraziti dodatkovі detalі. For deyakih application areas rozroblenі rekomendatsії vіdnosno addition, if i s Yakima ochіkuvanim stage tochnostі toil vikonuvatisya podіbnі udoskonalennya. Napriklad, kompaniia Aase International viznachila Taku poslіdovnіst s p'yati tipіv otsіnki in budіvelnih projects in stadії іnzhinіringu: order of magnitude, conceptual, pіdgotovcha, headache i controls.

2. Dopomіzhnі detalі. Dopomіzhnі detalі for otsіnki vartostі povinnі include:

• Description zmіstu robots scho otsіnyuєtsya. Tse often vikonuєtsya s Relief WVS structures.

• Dokumentuvannya foundations for otsіnki, tobto yak Won vikonuєtsya.

• Dokumentuvannya vsіh zroblenih assumptions.

• Zaznachennya dіapazonu mozhlivih rezultatіv, napriklad: $ 10,000 ± $ 1,000 for the dwellers Show scho ochіkuvana vartіst Elements is staying at promіzhku mіzh $ 9,000 $ 11,000 i. The value of i type dodatkovoї detalnoї Informácie varіyuyutsya fallow od prikladnoї sphere. Zberezhennya navіt rough prikidok Mauger viyavitisya tsіnnoyu іnformatsієyu for rozumіnnya maintained upstream of yak held otsіnka.

3. Plan upravlіnnya vartіstyu. upravlіnnya plan vartіstyu vmіschuє description, yak maintained upstream upravlyati rozbіzhnostyami on vartostі (napriklad, rіznі reaktsії on osnovnі minutes on drugoryadnі problems). Plan upravlіnnya vartіstyu Mauger Buti i Formally Informally, duzhe more details i widely okresleny, zasnovany needful zatsіkavlenih osіb project. Vіn Je dopomіzhnim zagalnogo Elements of the draft plan.