home Economy books Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya - Dahno І.І.

Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya - Dahno І.І.

Rozdіl 11. MІZHNARODNІ TOVARNІ BІRZHІ, KARTELІ, auctions TA FAIRS

11.1. Mіzhnarodnі tovarnі bіrzhі

Mіzhnarodnu torgіvlyu vazhko navіt uyaviti without trademark bіrzh, mіzhnarodnih kartelіv, auktsіonіv that yarmarkіv.

The "Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia" vіdsutnє ponyattya "trademark bіrzha" (commodlity exchange). Rozglyanemo, yak tlumachennya bіrzhі imposed in the "Big Encyclopedic Dictionary" (1998 p. 131..): "Bіrzha (.. Goal - beurs, nіm - Borse) - a form of regular dіyuchogo wholesale market analysis tovarіv scho prodayutsya of standards i zrazkami ( B. trademark) tsіnnih paperіv (Fund B) that іnozemnoї currency (currency B), and takozh robochoї Sealy (B. pratsі). Mercantile bіrzha kontsentruє wholesale turnover Masov, perevazhno sirovinnih i prodovolchih tovarіv (kolorovі metal, grain, bavovnik ., Zukor toscho) Virіznyayut unіversalnі that spetsіalіzovanі (for okremimi goods abo їh GROUP) tovarnі bіrzhі on ofіtsіynih stock bіrzhah dozvolyayutsya operatsії s aktsіyami deprivation great kompanіy;. in bagatoh kraїnah vinikayut neofіtsіynі fondovі bіrzhі on yakih perebuvayut in obіgu whether SSMSC tsіnnі Paper the .

The members of bіrzhі podіlyayutsya on brokerіv i dilerіv.

Bіrzhі vstanovlyuyut bіrzhovі standards for goods, rіven tsіn (kotiruvannya) for goods that tsіnnі Papero, analіzuyut kon'yunkturu popitu i propozitsіy, poshiryuyut dіlovu іnformatsіyu ".

Funktsії bіrzhі vikonuє ob'єdnannya torgovelnih organіzatsіy, yak Got right yuridichnoї individuals dіє vіdpovіdno to zakonodavstva Kraina mіstseznahodzhennya Svoge.

On bіrzhah prodayutsya i kupuyutsya velikі partії tovarіv transported without їh s one Georeferencing to іnshogo. Often lands stosuyutsya slit not іsnuyuchih tovarіv (napriklad, not slit viroschenoї kavi). Relief for the sake of short ukladayutsya usnogo Vislova, and the second gesture. Takі viyavi Volya to ukladennya lands negayno pіdtverdzhuyutsya short pismovimi notatkami.

Dali navedemo stislі danі about dіyalnіst naygolovnіshih trademark bіrzh svitu.

Publіchna bіrzhova torgіvlya keruєtsya principles podvіynogo auktsіonu, tobto Offers pokuptsіv scho zbіlshuyutsya, zustrіchayutsya s propozitsіyami prodavtsіv scho zmenshuyutsya. Koli tsіni propozitsіy pokuptsіv i prodavtsіv spіvpadayut, ukladaєtsya land. Cutaneous lands reєstruєtsya i about neї publіchno ogoloshuєtsya (in presі toscho). Ruh tsіn deposits od kіlkostі prodavtsіv, SSMSC bazhayut prodatsya goods for іsnuyuchogo rіvnya tsіn, i kіlkostі pokuptsіv, ready for such goods pridbati rіvnya tsіn.

Ninі bіrzhі real product zbereglisya deprivation in okremih kraїnah, їh turnover neznachnі. Dіyalnіst such bіrzh mozhna rozglyadati one yak s forms optovoї torgіvlі goods mіstsevogo values. In ekonomіchno rozvinenih kraїnah bіrzhі real practical vіdsutnі product. Pong grew at f'yuchersnі bіrzhі, tobto peretvorilisya bіrzhі on rights to goods. Vіdomo scho f'yuchersnim lands vlastivі Elements dogovorіv kupіvlі i-sale credit. F'yuchersna torgіvlya Je provіdnoyu Form suchasnoї bіrzhovoї torgіvlі. On string (іnshimi words - f'yuchersnih) bіrzhah torguyut not real goods and contracts postachannya tovarіv in maybutnomu.

Find our Osnovnі f'yuchersnoї torgіvlі takі:

o fіktivny character of the site, obmіn tovarіv at tsomu factuality vіdsutnіy, zobov'yazannya storіn for the sake of pripinyayutsya for Relief zvorotnoї operatsії s viplatoyu tsіnovoї rіznitsі;

o s phone reception Rink real product vіdbuvaєtsya for Relief hedzhuvannya instead postachannya product;

o chіtko viznachena that unіfіkovana spozhivcha vartіst product, yaky Je bіrzhovogo subject of the contract, the goods rozglyadaєtsya yak nosіy tsіni, prirіvnyuєtsya to pennies i obmіnyuєtsya them at whether yaky time;

o Povny unіfіkatsіya minds schodo obsyagu product, yaky realіzuєtsya;

o zneosoblenіst lands i zamіnnіst kontragentіv Tsikh land. Slіd zvernuti uwagi to those scho lands ukladayutsya not mіzh particular seller i specifically pokuptsyami and mіzh them (often їh predstavnikami, tobto brokers) i rozrahunkovoyu Chamber bіrzhі, yak vіdіgraє role of guarantor vikonannya zobov'yazan storіn vіdpovіdnih bіrzhovih kontraktіv. The very bіrzha vvazhaєtsya not parties to the contract i do not vistupaє botsі on one s partnerіv. In razі f'yuchersnih operatsіy Povny freedom storіn zberіgaєtsya deprivation schodo tsіni product, freedom schodo termіnіv postachannya obmezhena product. Rasht minds strictly reglamentovana i Volya not deposits od storіn contract. Otzhe, f'yuchersnі bіrzhі - tse markets Agricultural Art tsіn (tobto markets Agricultural Art tsіnovih vartostey). Rink real tovarіv fahіvtsі rozglyadayut yak markets Agricultural Art sukupnostі that єdnostі, oskіlki PARTIES kontraktіv mozhut uzgodzhuvati mіzh themselves whether SSMSC їh minds.

Chikazka trademark bіrzha - naybіlsha trademark bіrzha svitu s torgіvlі grain. Torgіvlya zdіysnyuєtsya yak nayavnim item, so i for Relief ukladennya f'yuchersnih land. Okrіm grain on bіrzhі torguyut іnshimi sіlskogospodarskimi products.

Londonska bіrzha metalіv (London Metal Exchange) Je Main svіtovoyu bіrzheyu s torgіvlі kolorovimi metals - mіddyu, lead, tin, zinc toscho. Bіrzha zasnovana in 1877 p., Ninі nalіchuє blizko 110 chlenіv. Mіnіmalny obsyag mіdі sale, lead, zinc, becoming alyumіnіyu 25 tons of tin - 5 tons, nіkelyu -. 6 t Ofіtsіynі Price list bіrzhі vikoristovuyutsya producers i spozhivachami svitu for ukladennya dovgostrokovih kontraktіv. On bіrzhі ukladayutsya takozh type of contract f'yuchers i optsіon. Іnformatsіya about ukladenі lands nadhodit to Londonskogo klіringovogo home (London Clearing House).

Mіzhnarodna bіrzha Nafti (International Petroleum Exchange) - fіnansova bіrzha, zasnovana at 1980 p. Got the right s optsіonami that f'yuchersami schodo rіznih vidіv Nafti. Rozmіschuєtsya in Londonі in St. dotsі. Katerini, there i de Londonska bіrzha f'yuchersіv that optsіonіv (London Futures and Options Exchange).