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CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

Pam'yatki starodavnoї culture that Mistetstvo on teritorії Ukraine

Naybіlsh davnі parking pervіsnoї Helsinki Human perіodu Rann paleolіtu Bulo vіdnaydeno in Zakarpattі on Zhitomirschinі, uzdovzh serednoї techії Dniester Basin, in Donbasі that in Krim.

The Epoch mezolіtu (9-6 yew. To NE) prirodnі minds of Ukrainian lands in the steel nagaduvati teperіshnі. Vidіlilisya Vier natural landshaftnі Zoni: Lisova - Karpati, Volyn, Polissya; regіoni Pravoberezhny th Lіvoberezhnogo lіsostepu; Stepova zone; regіon gіrskogo Cream. Tsіkavoyu pam'yatkoyu vvazhaєtsya pechera nearby village Balamutіvka on Bukovinі, stіni yakoї boule rozmalovanі The images of people zvіrіv, mislivtsіv that tantsyuyuchih chaklunіv.

At 6-3 yew. to NE, if at teritorії Ukraine came Epoch neolіtu have zhittі Helsinki Human vіdbuvaєtsya Purshia yakіsny turn - perehіd od zbiralnitstva th primіtivnogo polyuvannya to vіdtvoryuyuchih vidіv dіyalnostі - obrobіtku zemlі th rozvedennya domashnіh tvarin scho znamenuvalo him Purshia great suspіlny podіl pratsі.

Formuvannya Agrarian cultures that tvarinnitskoї viklikalo vіdpovіdnі sotsіalnі zmіni. Yakscho zbirachі that mislivtsі vvazhali zdobute food spіlnim for usіh chlenіv old, now vono vvazhaєtsya vlasnіstyu deprivation okremih group abo osіb. Nadlishki food stimulyuvali formuvannya Casti vіyskovih, admіnіstrativnogo staff sluzhitelіv cult that іnshih sotsіalnih kategorіy people SSMSC not mali vіdnoshennya to zdobuttya chi vigotovlennya harchіv.

On the one pіvnochі pіvnіchnomu skhodі Ukraine lived tribes, scho Ziman mislivstvom that ribalstvom, while pіvdenno-zahіdnіy chastinі population vіddavalo perevagu zemlerobstvu th tvarinnitstvu. Ninі on teritorії Ukraine archaeologists znaydeno not bіlshe ten neolіtichnih cultures analіz yakih svіdchit about those scho people uskladnivsya svіtoglyad, z'yavilisya novі relіgіynі stump, in addition chislі cult cherepіv, pov'yazany s ushanovuvannyam predkіv. On settlements that have cemeteries Epoch neolіtu viyavleno takozh chislennі zrazki Obrazotvorche Mistetstvo. In that hour, yak on pіvnіchnіy chastinі Shіdnoї Єvropi found Pershi antropomorfnі statuettes, virіzblenі s kіstki chi tree in Marіupolskomu burial ground the archaeologists rozkopali dekіlka The images tvarin, vikonanih in takіy itself tehnіtsі rіzblennya on kіsttsі. Ale spravzhnіm dosyagnennyam Obrazotvorche Mistetstvo Epoch neolіtu Je The images on the plates Kam'yanoї Mogili Melіtopolya nearby.

Perehіdnoyu Epoch od kam'yanogo vіku to Epoch Bronzi CCB eneolіt (at perekladі s latinskoї - mіdny kamіn). Tsya Epoch on teritorії pripadaє Ukraine on 4-3 yew. to NE That CCB yakіsno Novi perіod rozvitku productive forces that virobnichih vіdninu that ovolodіli Perche metals - mіddyu. At Qiu іstorichnu Epoch z'yavilasya good vіdoma ninі Tripіlska culture, scho іsnuvala on teritorії od aspens pervіsnogo suspіlstva hour away vdoskonalennya vіdtvoryuyuchih forms Gospodarstwa - zemlerobstva that skotarstva. Tribes osvoїli nova sirovsuchasnoї Respublіki Moldova to rіchki Psyol on Sumschinі. Її Elements vіdshukav in 1893-1906 pp. on teritorіyah Obuhіvskogo th Kagarlitskogo rayonіv, vulitsі Kirilіvskіy in Kiєvі an amateur archaeologist V.Hvoyka. His titles tsya culture otrimala od village Tripіllya pid Kiєvom, de Bulo znaydeno naybіlshe її settlements.

W Druha half Epoch bronze tobto for 2750-1200 pp. to the NE, on teritorії Ukraine z'yavlyayutsya zemlerobsko-skotarskі tribes Serednogo Podunav'ya, pіznіshe - pіvnіchnoєvropeyskogo pohodzhennya peoples. Pong rozselyalisya in verhіv'yah Prip'yatі, Zahіdnogo Bug, Dniester Basin i vikoristovuvali in fighting s indigenous population boyovі kam'yanі Saucier. Vodnochase on skhodі that pіvdnі z'yavlyayutsya chislennі tvarinnitskі tribes scho priyshli s Volga region that Pіvnіchnogo Caucasus. Pong zmіshalisya s mіstsevim population i, osvoїvshi stepovі that lіsostepovі oblastі, dіyshli to the Balkans. HEAD osoblivіstyu Epoch Bulo vіddіlennya tvarinnitskih tribes od zemlerobskih. W appears zapasіv food vinikla neobhіdnіst ohoronyati yogo od napadnikіv, vinikli novі Vidi nastupalnoї that oboronnoї zbroї: mechі, udoskonalenі ASIC, shells, schiti that іn. Vidіlilasya plemіnna verhіvka, uskladnilisya suspіlnі vіdnosini in seredinі rodіv i tribes udoskonalilisya vladnі funktsії, poglibilasya sotsіalna stratifіkatsіya. Deyakі etnografi vvazhayut scho tsogo naprikіntsі perіodu have residual sformuvalisya spіlnoti pragermantsіv, pravenedіv, prabaltіv that praslov'yan.

Kіmmerіytsі. Skіfsko-sarmatska Epoch. Naprikіntsі 2 yew. to NE teritorіyu pіvdennoї Ukraine inhabited kіmmerіytsі. Pong Ziman tvarinnitstvom herds, good volodіli obrobkoyu Bronzi that zalіza, postіynogo Zhitlo not kіmmerіytsі Mali stink lived in camps timchasovih th zimіvnikah, one s Persha navchilisya viplavlyati zalіzo, Kuva mechі zavdovzhki Ponad meter zalіznі tips for strіl. Zgadki about them znikayut pіslya 570 p. to NE Form suspіlnogo Zhittya kіmmerіytsіv away from naslіduvali skіfi.

Skіfi mіgruvali on teritorіyu Ukraine in pershіy polovinі Article VII. to NE For zgadkami starodavnіh іstorikіv, spochatku stink perebuvali in Serednіy Azії abo in the steppe mіzh Kaspієm, Uralskimi th Caucasus mountains. Potіm, pid pressure susіdіv, vіdіyshli in Pіvnіchne Prichornomor'ya, Troch Zgoda Chastina їh mіgruvala in front Azіyu. Pіvnіchny Caucasus Dovgy zalishavsya for them nadіynim tilom, de stink boule zabezpechenі products harchuvannya, kolorovimi metals, popovnyuvali svoї vіyska. Zavdyaki campaigns to Maloї Azії skіfi potrapili pid stronger vpliv skhіdnih cultures Assirії, Babylon, Mіdії. Dwell in the land ninіshnoї Ukraine, the stench postupovo zmіshuvalisya s mіstsevim population pereymali yogo pobut i zvichaї. Apogeєm mogutnostі skіfskoї powers Zi capitals, yak perebuvala on teritorії ninіshnoї Zaporіzkoї oblastі became Article IV. to NE Skіfi were Zhvavyi torgіvlyu s Olvієyu, Chersonesus, Tiroyu, Pantikopeєm, Makedonієyu, Іstrієyu and takozh rimskimi provіntsіyami. At that hour they already sklalasya patrіarhalna System z community chіtkoyu sotsіalnoyu diferentsіatsієyu. Cutaneous povnolіtnіy skіf CCB peredusіm voїnom scho volodіv rіznomanіtnimi zbroї views.

At that hour skіfska relіgіya dosyagla rіvnya rozvinutogo polіteїzmu (<polі ... that c. Theos god), tobto bagatobozhzhya abo vіri in bagatoh bogіv, i factuality vіdpovіdala rіvnyu scho pereduvav stvorennyu relіgії s zagalnoderzhavnim pantheon bogіv

In drugіy polovinі II stolіttya to NE Pіvnіchne Prichornomor'ya populated the іranomovne plem'ya sarmatіv scho pribulo s of th Ural Volga region. In osnovnіy masі stink boule kochovikami-skotaryami, їh The Weapon that Zhitlo mayzhe not vіdrіznyalisya od skіfskih. In pervіsnih suspіlstvah originated takі dosyagnennya culture, yak vigotovlennya znaryad pratsі, privlasnyuyucha that vіdtvoryuyucha FORMS Economy, relіgіynі uyavlennya, MOV is the signal-znakovі system. Practicality neobhіdnіst stvorennya skhovischa for zberezhennya Svoge zhittєvogo expanse prizvela to viniknennya arhіtekturi. Z'yavlyaєtsya Keramika - ulyubleny subject doslіdzhennya arheologіv. Person of navchilasya rozvoditi thinness, obroblyati land zhiti in zlagodі іz susіdami th navіt torguvati.

Zavdannya i zapitannya for self-control

1. chomu polyagaє values ​​pervіsnoї crops for away rozvitku svіtovoї culture?

2. SSMSC osnovnі zdobutki pervіsnoї culture mali great significance for the away rozvitku svіtovoї culture?

3. SSMSC pervіsnі vіruvannya Bulo hard at the foundation mіfologії?

4. Rozkriyte role i values ​​mіfu in pervіsnіy kulturі?

5. Give viznachennya mіfu th yogo rozkriyte tipologіyu.

6. chomu polyagaє role i values ​​mіfu yak pershoї іstorichnoї form of culture?

7. chomu polyagaє role i values ​​mіfologії yak pershoї FORMS suspіlnoї svіdomostі?

8. Rozkriyte tipologіyu mіfologіchnih personazhіv.

9. Reason SSMSC viniknennya relіgії, Mistetstvo th fіlosofії in pervіsnomu suspіlstvі?

10. chomu polyagayut osoblivostі pervіsnogo Mistetstvo?