home Cultural CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

architecture

Serednovіchnі arhіtekturnі FORMS suttєvo vіdrіznyalisya od pіznoantichnih. The ancient temple klasichnogo type Velika uwagi pridіlyali zovnіshnomu ozdoblennyu budіvlі (ekster'єru) that zovsіm Neznachny - vnutrіshnomu (іnter'єru). In seredinі temple stood a statue of the deity, and OAO All rites that svyatkuvannya vіdbuvalisya on ploschі, bilja budіvlі. Uvіyti in the middle of the sanctuary allowed tіlki zhertsyam. Vіryani not vistupali uchasnikami relіgіynih tseremonіy, sposterіgali them zovnі. Hristiyansky temple spriymavsya svoєrіdne Zhitlo yak God, Location, de zbiralisya vіryani prayer that zdіysnennya taїnstv rite. Tom organіzatsіya vnutrіshnogo expanse Bula bunt zavdannyam architects. Yak humility hristiyanin, s Bhagat Zhittya spirituality, temple guilty Buti pіdkresleno strict in ekster'єrі.

In the cult budіvnitstvі perevazhali Dvi arhіtekturnі form: bazilіkalna that hrestovo-Dome. Bazilіka - tse pryamokutna, vityagnuta in dovzhinu budіvlya, rozdіlena columns of three, i p'yat bіlshe povzdovzhnіh nefіv. Serednіy nave, yak usually Shirshov that vischy od the side. In skhіdnіy chastinі bazilіki scho zakіnchuvalas apse, rozmіschuvavsya vіvtar, while zahіdnіy - vhіd. Povzdovzhnі to non peresіkalisya transept (transept), in addition budіvlya planі small form Chrest - head symbol Christianity. In formі bazilіki often buduvali i hristiyanskі temple.

Another type of temple - hrestovo-dome, is square in budіvlya yakogo planі, Vier vnutrіshnіh stovpi dіlyat Prostir on dev'yat Chastain, uvіnchanih arches, i pіdtrimuyut dome scho znahoditsya in tsentrі. Dome simvolіzuє heaven. Napіvtsilіndrichnі zvodi scho priєdnuyutsya to the dome, peresіkayuchis, takozh utvoryuyut rіvnostoronnіy Chrest. Type the temple-bazilіki pіznіshe utverdivsya in Zahіdnіy Єvropі, while the one on Vіzantії Shodі perevazhav type hrestovo-domed temple, scho becoming the basis vіzantіyskoї arhіtekturi pіznіshogo hour.

A masterpiece of architecture arhіtekturnogo Vіzantії Je Temple St. Sofії in Konstantinopolі, zbudovany at pp 532-537. for instructions to іmperatora Yustinіana. Tsey temple Je poєdnannyam dvoh constructively printsipіv - bazilіkalnogo plan perekrittyam s dome. Yogo nazivayut eighth wonder svitu, to scho vіn Je naygrandіoznіshim for zamislom i tehnіkoyu budіvnitstva, rіvnogo Does Not Bulo in serednovіchnomu svіtі. Gіgantsky dome of the temple, at dіametrі yakogo skladaє 32 meters, on the drum opiraєtsya іz forty vіknami have SSMSC pronikaє Sonyachna Svitlo, stvoryuyuchi reentrant vidovische * 12. Bhagat ozdoblennya stіn i pіdlogi temple marmurovimi plates rіznі kapіtelі columns, rіznokolorovі mozaїki pіdkreslyuyut yogo Velich i stvoryuyut vіdchuttya holy. Zdіysnili tse grandіozne budіvnitstvo two arhіtektori - Іsidor іz Mіleta that Anfіmіy іz Thrall.

* 12: {Temples. Monasteries. - M .: Avanta, 2003. - P. 82 - 83.}

Pіslya zavoyuvan turkіv-osmanіv Vіzantіyska іmperіya rozpadaєtsya i m. Constantinople otrimalo m.Stambul titles, and the temple svyatoї Sofії, yaky LUVs mayzhe tisyach rokіv temple hristiyanskogo Immediately, peretvoryuyut the Mosque. Pid yogo dome z'yavilisya velikі schiti s Vislova іz Koran. Іkonostas s іkonami cleaned (іslam zaboronyaє zobrazhuvati people), and the temple of order іz vibuduvali Vier great mіnareti. At 30 - Ti Rocky XX century. Aya Sofiya (so-called Turks її) peretvorilasya a museum.