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CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

5.4. Culture Kiїvskoї Rusі

Іsnuvannya Kiїvskoї Rusі ohoplyuє perіod s IX 40 - pp. XIII century. In chasi ekonomіchnogo that cultural rozkvіtu davnoruska Power teritorіyu Ziman od Baltic i Pіvnіchnogo Lodovitogo ocean before Chorny Sea, the Volga-od Okskogo mezhirіchchya to the Carpathians. Etnіchnu basis Powers skladali skhіdnі slov'yani, scho boule ob'єdnanі in velikі mіzhplemіnnі Union. In davnoruskomu lіtopisі "Povіst passed lіt" vkazuєtsya scho such soyuzіv nalіchuvalos chotirnadtsyat. Pіvdennu grupu slov'yan skladali Polanyi, drevlyans, sіveryani, wolinians, dulіbi, ulichі, buzhans, tivertsі, Bili Croatia; vyatichі. Okrіm skhіdnih slov'yan have furrows Kiїvskoї Rusі lived Kareli all, Meria, Murom, Mordvinians, pechenіgi, chornі hoods that baltskі tribes. Polіtichnoyu powers in the form of Kiїvskіy Rusі Bula rannofeodalna monarhіya s feodalіzmu Some of the elements. Shіdnoslov'yanskі mіzhplemіnnі ob'єdnannya postupovo sklalisya in єdinu narodnіst, scho bula named "Rus".

Country represented a іstorichno vazhlivu, contact teritorіyu mіzh Arabic converge Zahіdnoyu Єvropoyu i, i Vіzantієyu Skandinavієyu. Tse zooms її Shvidky vhodzhennya in zagalnoєvropeysku іstoriko cultural spіlnіst. Vaughn small shirokі mіzhnarodnі zv'yazki s flattered Chehієyu, Bolgarієyu, Ugorschinoyu, Gruzієyu, Vіrmenієyu, Serednoyu Azієyu, Volzkoyu Bolgarієyu, kraїnami Zahіdnoї Єvropi - such yak Frantsіya, Anglіya, Danіya, Shvetsіya, Norvegіya * 20..

* 20: {longtime Istoria Ukrainy. In troh volumes. - K .: Іnstitut arheologії National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2000. - Vol.3. - S. 217 - 218.}

Vazhlive values ​​culture Kiїvskoї Rusі little zaprovadzhennya Christianity. On Dumka akademіka B.Ribakova "of acceptance of Christianity has put Russia one Schabbel s advanced power of the hour." * 21.

* 21: {BA Rybakov Paganism ancient Slavs. - M .: 1981. - S. 456.}

Pіslya ukladennya number dogovorіv, Especially zmіtsnіli zv'yazki s Vіzantієyu and priynyatttya Christianity poєdnalo Russia іz traditsіyami vіzantіyskogo pravoslav'ya, polіtichnoyu Dumka is the cultural dosyagnennyami.

Kyivska Rus became svoєrіdnim center slov'yanskoї culture, yak in his Cherga, low on sobі vpliv cultures kraїn іslamu, Sunset, Zakavkazzya i Shіdnogo Seredzemnomor'ya. Vaughn proіsnuvala 40's pp. XIII century. i fell pid blows Mongol hordes tatarskih Chingіzhana that Bhatia.

Pisemnіst i Osvita

Lіteraturnі that arheologіchnі dzherela zasvіdchuyut іsnuvannya in skhіdnih slov'yan pisemnostі slit up of acceptance of Christianity. Bolgarsky pismennik Brave in pratsі "the written" to talk about the two letters VD - primіtivnі pіktografіchnі signs (i nick risks), that gretske latinske th letter, scho not aired bagatoh slov'yanskih zvukіv. Pisemnіst dohristiyanskі chasi have been viewed in wider zovnіshnopolіtichnіy, ekonomіchnіy i torgіvelnіy areas suspіlnogo Zhittya and takozh in yazichnitskomu kultі.

Proniknennya Christianity to Russia zooms in viniknennya skhіdnih slov'yan letters yakogo potrebuvala Power i church. Tse letter nazivalos "Cyrillic" vono priyshlo to Russia once іz scribe i liturgical books іz Bolgarії. Postupovo vono vitіsnilo Stara pisemnіst. Pam'yatki davnoruskogo Letters can pobachiti rіznih on subjects that virobah - spindles, gorschikah, pots, resonators, livarnih molds that іnshih household vzhitku. Pong svіdchat, scho bula pisemnіst wider Sered common people.

Vazhlivimi pisemnimi pam'yatkami Je found in Novgorodі, Zvenigorodі that іnshih mіstah, berestyanі literacy - correspondence gorodyan gospodarskі about right.

Origіnalnimi pam'yatkami davnoruskogo letter Je grafіtі XI -. Article XIV, scho mіstyatsya on stіnah Sofіyskogo cathedral Kirilіvskoї church Vidubitskogo Monastir, Monastir Pechers'ka Uspenskogo Cathedral, Church of the Savior on Berestovі that gold vorіt.
Tsіkavimi pam'yatkami Je stilі (zalіznі, bronzovі kіstyanі i wrote) for writing on wax tablets, berestі i shtukaturtsі. Pong give Povny uyavlennya about gramotnіst parishioners soborіv that broad population verstv Kiїvskoї Rusі. Usі tsі pam'yatki vkazuyut to those scho pisemnіst in Kiїvskіy Rusі bula not tіlki privіleєm knyazіv i clergy, ale i Nagybanya wide verstv mіskogo population.

Rozvitok osvіti in Kiїvskіy Rusі gruntuєtsya on Vlasnyi natsіonalnih traditsіyah that vikoristannі ancient Bulgarian i-vіzantіyskogo dosvіdu shkіlnogo navchannya. Poshirennyu gramotnostі spriyalo zaprovadzhennya Christianity. Pіslya tserkovnoї reform Volodymyr the Great vinikla require that at navchannі vihovannі osvіchenih people. Pong boule potrіbnі not tіlki for vprovadzhennya hristiyanskogo new cult, ale th for funktsіonuvannya organіv sovereign upravlіnnya that rozvitku torgіvlі. Tom Shkilna Osvita for knyazyuvannya Volodymyr the Great is the Yaroslav the Wise Nabeul derzhavnoї crowbars. Utvorilisya three tipi shkіl: palatsova pіdvischenogo school type, school "book vchennya" for pіdgotovki svyaschennikіv that svіtska of (private) school homepage navchannya, perevazhno for kupetskogo i remіsnichogo population.

In schools vivchali basis of a letter, subtraction, arithmetic, spіv, Moosic, Poética, rhetoric, іnozemnі MTIE (peredusіm gretsku latinsku i). Vischu osvіtu viznachali fіlosofіya i rhetoric. Centers osvіti boule Mista Kiev, Novgorod, Polotsk, Chernіgіv, Galich that Volodimir-Suzdalsky. Osvіtnіm center at Kiєvі CCB Cathedral Svyatoї Sofії. Here warehouse lіtopisny zvіd 1037 p., I vigolosheno written "word about the law i Grace" Metropolitan Іlarіona, molded Basics of Perche zbіrnika zakonіv Kiїvskoї Rusі "Ruska Pravda" target "Іzbornik" Svyatoslav "1076 p., Written in 1056-1057 pp. vіdome "Ostrom єvangelіє". Here mіstilasya knigozbіrnya Yaroslav the Wise, perepisuvalisya book.

Osvіtnіm i hudozhnіm center CCB takozh i Pechers'ka Monastir in Money Does znahodilis hudozhnya i knigopisna maysternі. In yogo bula stіnah target viznachna pam'yatka іstorії Kiїvskoї Rusі "Povіst passed lіt" that іn.

Utvorennya shkіl i poshirennya pisemnostі boule pov'yazanі s sotsіalnimi that cultural vimogami davnoruskogo suspіlstva.