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CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

literature

It sets the tone for the new i directly literature. Tvorchіst such vidatnih pismennikіv Epoch yak Corneille, Rasіn, Molєr pіdkoryaє GOSTR vіdchuttyam znachuschostі problems "Person i suspіlstvo" installation on garmonіyu soul okremoї Helsinki Human i navkolishnіm Zhittya.

In lіteraturі utverdzhuvalas ієrarhіya zhanrіv, SSMSC podіlyalisya on visokі (tragedіya, epopeya ode) that nizkі (komedіya, satire, bike). Leather genre MAV svoї canonical that chіtkі mezhі, scho not allowed їh zmіshuvannya. Provіdne Location in tsіy ієrarhії nalezhalo tragedії. Tragedії Corneille that Zh.Rasіna, Zh.Lafontena stories, satire N.Bualo, komedії Molєra not deprivation of Namangan virіshiti suspіlnі konflіkti in іdealnіy sferі antichnostі and second їh transferred from zone togochasnih sotsіalno-upmost morally kolіzіy scho sprichinilo rozvitok realіzmu. Naybіlshe tse stosuєtsya tvorchostі Molєra, yak poєdnala rіznі іdeyno-hudozhnі techії, viznachivshi away rozvitok lіteraturi. Komedії Molєra stopped Buti "nizkim" genre. Yogo naykraschі p'єsi of topics fіlosofskim, psihologіchnim that morally sound dosyagli rіvnya tragedії. W kіntsya XVII century. classicism entered in Smuga zanepadu, vіdrodivshis in Epoch Prosvіtnitstva.

Anglіyskі pismenniki stvoryuyut Especially genre novel, yaky otrimav prosvіtnitskogo titles. Heroes such romanіv boule zvichaynі people SSMSC will of dolі opinyayutsya in rіznih obstavinah, if їm treba viyaviti svoї naykraschі of Quality. Tipovі zrazki prosvіtnitskogo novel gave D.Defo, D.Svіft, S.Rіchardson, G.Fіldіng.

One s nayvіdmіshih pismennikіv tsієї Dobie CCB anglієts Danіel Defoe (1660-1731). Populyarnі Express Yourself "Robіnzon Crusoe," "Moll Flanders", "Istoria Colonel Jack", "Kapіtan Sіnglton" brought the author fame svіtovu i viznannya. In "Robіnzonі Crusoe" was the subject Rozumny egoїzmu, aktivnoї, zhittєstverdzhuyuchoї pozitsії, neobmezhenih lyudskih mozhlivostey that їh realіzatsії. Author creates perekonlivo bring, scho s naybeznadіynіshih situatsіy zavzhdi Je vihіd, ale to tsogo potrіbno doklasti Vlasnyi zusil, neabiyakoї pratsі, stіykostі, muzhnostі, Buti vpevnenim in svoїy silі that rozumі.

Іnshogo anglіyskogo pismennika i polіtichnogo dіyacha Svіfta Jonathan (1667-1745) novel "Mandry Gulіvera" in svіtі chitacha koristuvavsya neobmezhenoyu populyarnіstyu. Pid viglyadom kazkovih dearly Svoge hero vіn vismіyav wadi Suchasnyj Yomou anglіyskogo suspіlstva, chvanlivіst, zhadіbnіst, pіdozrіlіst, svavіllya, nespravedlivіst.

Tvorchіst shotlandskogo the great poet Robert Burns (1759-1796) zdobula viznannya for Zhittya. In svoїh poezіyah vіn zmalyuvav way villagers vistupav proti sotsіalnogo th natsіonalnogo gnіtu - "CCB bіdny farmer dad You're Mine", "Veselі Zhebrak". Chastina yogo tvorіv perіodu Frantsuzkoї burzhuaznoї revolyutsії proynyata revolyutsіynimi set up - "The tree of liberty", "Cesna bіdnіst".

In the novels by Antoine-Francois Prevost (1697-1763) burhlivі lyudskі pristrastі stikalisya Zi zvichaynimi obstavinami Zhittya - materіalnimi, sіmeynimi through scho experiences Stavan not abstract, yak at klasichnih going on, but really, zlobodennimi. Vodnochase A.-F. Prevost Porush canonical prosvіtnitskoї lіteraturi. Vіn not deprivation vivіv on the scene the victim becomes zabobonіv, sotsіalnih minds Zhittya and poglibiv lyudsku drama vnutrіshnіmi psihologіchnimi chinnikami, nasampered yakostyami character ( "Notes znatnoї Helsinki Human", "Istoria Chevalier de Grіє that Manon Lescaut").

Vazhlivu role in rozvitku nіmetskogo Prosvіtnitstva vіdіgrali vidatny sings i mislitel Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 - 1832), the great Johan sings Frіdrіh Shіller (1759 - 1805), i fіlosof pismennik Gotfrіd Johann Herder (1744 - 1803), G.Forster (1754 - 1794 ) that K.Shubart (1739 - 1791). Usі stink utverdzhuvali tendentsіyu to reabіlіtatsії lyudskoї chuttєvostі, poєdnuyuchi s CIM ponyattyam іdeal gromadyanskoї pristrastі. Gotfrіd Johann Herder, zokrema, Zroby installation to start in emotsіyne mistetstvі narіzhnim STONE estetichnoї teorії. Nіmetskі prosvіtitelі Vpershe protistavili lіteraturu, theater, Musica traditsіyno panіvnomu. Obrazotvorche Mistetstvo, rozglyadayuchi їh yak genre dinamіchnogo Mistetstvo. Pong vistupali against despotism, for spravedlivіst that freedom ospіvuvali stronger smіlivih people, Yakima pritamannі yaskravі glibokі pochuttya. Tse PROVISIONS uvіyshlo in єvropeysku estetichnu Dumka.

Same takі RISS nature vlastivі heroes tvorіv Shіllera - one s osnovopolozhnikіv nіmetskoї klasychnoji lіteraturi. Vіn Je author bagatoh lіrichnih vіrshіv, Balad, AMD proynyatih volelyubnimi motives іdeєyu braterstva, Borotba narodіv proti ponevolennya. In dramі "Rozbіyniki" in obrazі Karl Moor author vtіliv pragnennya to freedom, that have been approved lyudskoї gіdnostі, hate to feudal poryadkіv. In dramatic tvorі "Vіlgelm Tel" exalted shveytsarskogo folk hero, a fighter for the freedom nezalezhnіst Kraina s-pid avstrіyskogo gnіtu. In "Odі to radostі" sings acted as proti tiranії that gnoblennya for braterstvo i Yednist narodіv.

Nayvidatnіshim predstavnikom Epoch Prosvіtnitstva in nіmetskіy lіteraturі CCB Goethe. Tvorchіst Goethe viyavila nayvazhlivіshі tendentsії that superechnostі Epoch. Gliboko zrozumіv values ​​Frantsuzkoї revolyutsії. Vіn, yak great gumanіst, vіriv in tvorchі mozhlivostі Helsinki Human negatively stavivsya to whether yakogo nasillya. Tse znayshlo yaskrave vіdobrazhennya at Yogo vsesvіtno vіdomomu tvorі, dramatichnіy poemі "Faust." Ponad pіvstolіttya pratsyuvav Goethe on CIM creates, other Chastain yakogo zakіnchiv for Year up smertі.

In lіteraturі XIX-XX centuries. Faust Je symbol titanіchnoї tvorchoї pratsі, nevtomnogo Shukanov іstini th Borotba freedom lyudskogo spirit.