Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Suspilna organizatsiya

Mayuchi, for pizdnim pidrahunkami, from 3 to 12 million of the population, the velikoznu teritoriiu, scho obyymala close 800 tis. Sq. M. Km (mayzhe half of її - in the interchanges of сучасної України), Київська Русь була найбільшою політичною формацією середньовічної Європи. Before that, the schwitko formations were rooted. Poprii postugovostroyna vidminosti Mizh forgive people and novostformovannuyu plemetinoyu znattu zemorobske syspilstvo shіdnih slov'yan ЇX st. It was emblazoned in one place in the social and social sphere, and in the course of the shvidkoi rozbudovi Kyiv, before the words of the Russian middle peasants, I would spend on the work of the Varyaznyi Voyny-komertsi, fіn'kіsі mіlіvtsі, türkкk naimantsі, gretskiі remіsniki, vіrmenskiі єврейські торгівці. To pidnesennnyam mist steel began protsvіtati kruptsi ta remіsniki. Nareshti, priinyattya hristianstva sprinkinilosya before the emergence of a new class - the clergy. In a word, the population of Kyiv Rusko became cosmopolitan for cultural oriectatsiyu, etnnichno strotim and delatali glibshe roshashirovanym sotsial'ne.

Навище місце в суспільній ієрархії , що народжувалася, посідали num-ber of різних відгалужень династії Рюриковичів . Knyazh voyni, elders and young warriors і місцева to know ynoldivali klass boyars , yakih called men . In an hour to know Skandinavsky pokhozhennia word 'yanizualasya; Tse vidbilosya at peretvorenni such suto scandinavskih іmen, yak Helgi, Helga, Іngvar ta Valdemar at the words of the words - Oleg, Olga, Igor Volodymyr. Postiyni attack kochovikiv on the trade shlychi, and takozh ekonomichny zanepad Constantinople in the XII century. Called up to obmezhennia mozlivostey zaimati Torgovlyu, vaslidok chogo kolishni voyny-kuptsi postupovo peretvorilisya on great zemlevalesnikiv. To know the land did not become difficult, the princes of Mali fell into the riches of the uninhabited people and distributed their friendships. At the meeting of the Zahidnii Yevropi, the feudal land of the peasants was contracted by the service of his suzerain, on Rus, the boyars were crooked by the right of the decadent volostnie to the mates (patrimonies), zberigajuchi yogo navit with the transition from one prince to the next. Bagato boyars lived near the towns, building their land for the villagers, they took part of the production and they sold it to the market. Vlasne, oriventovanost on misto, zainteresovannost at komertsiіa rukhlivist vіdіznyali boyars Kiyivskoi Rusi vіd zahіdnoevropeyskikh feodalіv.

On the shchal lower down the boyars stood Miska nobility , abo, yak її whore called - people who often fought the "middle class" of Kyiv. Naiviznachnі yogo representatives of the Buli by great merchants, they borrowed the international trade, entered into the family calls with the boyars, and dominated them in the minds of the people. Порівняно з бюргерами Західної Європи тих часів міська знать Київської Русі була far cann't be the numerals, navrat після того, если занепад торгівлі у XII ст. Prizvіv to private zmenshennia її ролі. Up to the men of the fledgling and poor townspeople, some were called "young people", they drank other trades , kramar , visokomajernnі remyniki , zokrema zboryarі, kamenarі, gancharі, ювеіри, шо гуртувалися в реісничі компації ( цехи ). Nainizhchu sbodinku sotsіalnii drabini mista borrowed " mob " - te, hto nichogo not mali y naymalisya on "chornu robotu".

Velycheznu bilshist populated villagers, abominable smerdy . About the villagers vigomo nebegato, oskilki історичні джерела zосереджували respect on вищих класах. Zagalnovichviznim є fact, sho proyagom sіієї Київської, the bilshist villages of buli are visually unselected. Prote in the XII-XIII century. From the point of view of the face, the signs of the zestal encampment of the villagers by the feudal lords were written, but they filled up the forms. The villager of the wolves has the right to be zealous before the trial, to relocate from the mosque, to transfer the land to the fall of the sin (yaksho vin mav tilki daughter, then prince mav right to pretend to yog land). The main obovvozykom smerdіv bula payment danini that vidbuvannya vіys'kovoї povinnostі (yak rule, dopomіzhnogo nature) під час війни. About the lawless settlement of the villagers at susinstvі slydchiv peredachcheniyu "Rus'koi pravoyu" fine for vbivstvo smerd: the blood thunder in tsikh vypadkah became 5 grivnas. For порівняння: for vbvstvo kruptsya chi young warriors compensation of the homeland became 40, and for vbvstvo elderly prince of the prince - 80 grivnas.

If the villager chi is a representative of the social and social spheres who have spent his time in bondage (while at lihvarskih percentages from 25 to 50 it was spent nervously), if you just shit a penny from a pose, you can get money from a creditor, for an oath, for the otrymani groyni vidpratsyuvati pivny hour . Ці закабалені або напіввільні робітни were pretending to be the buyers. At the very bottom of the sushi piramidi, the rabbi were abused, or they were abhorrent. Oskilki head merchandise in obmіnі між Києвом і Constantinople vystupali rabi, неважко зрозуміти, шо slavery on Rusі було явищем звичайним, especially before прийнятття християнства. Sered rabis, bagatos yakih pratsyuvali princely matekami, buli vіys'kovopolonenі, nevіlіnchі діти, purchases, shоо namagalisya vtekti vіd vіkonannya povinnostі, that іnshі nevdahi. The protests could smuggle themselves into freedom by calling with wine from the winery for the service of their own patronage.

Okrimu znachnu for rozmіrami sotsіalnu grupu became servitors of the church . Viklyucheno church pіdlyagali parafіyalnyi svyascheniki, diakoni z sіm'ami, chentsі ta chernitsi. In addition, pid zahistom church perebuvali ізгої. So the spade was called prince, but they tore up their fiefdom (by the hour they were called prince-izogoi), but pisnishe i sysh, hto did not fit into the framework of the social horizons. Until recently, they were afflicted with zvilneni rabi (the church zaochochuvala before zvilnennya rabbi, vvazhayuchi tsa for God-pleasing fillings), zbankrutili kruptsi, blue priests, which were not allowed to remain untouched.

Історики довгий hour mirkuvali tim, shob viyaviti spіlnі rіsi між суспільством Київської Русі та середньіічного Заход. І zokrema, їх цікавило питання, чи скрізь європейський feodalізм передував добі індустріалізації. Radyansky istoriki vvazhayut itself zrozumіlim, scho Kiivska Rus bula feudal susspilstvom. Цієї думки тримаються й такі немарксистські історики, yak Микола Павлов-Сильванський, котрий звертав I will especially respect the fact that Kyiv Rus fell from the 12th century. On a number of small princely délés and distant deportations of the Sicilian Ordinary Society. Проте більшість сучасних немарксистських істориків відкидають цю теорію. With the use of stench vkazuyut, shcho central for feudalism Institute of Vasalnoye zalizhnosti at Volodya Rurikovich not having laid down, pozayak vladas prince over boyars bula mininimal. Prior to that, the role of tourism in the city of Kiev is very important, and it is very important for the uncompulsed villages to adhere to those who are in a situation on the similarity of the country in a docked way. Тому західні історики сільні розглядати Київську Русь скоріше якінікальну й самобутню соціальну the system, but not підводити її під заглальну категорію феодальних суспільств.