Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Vidrodzhennya orthodox'ya

Unfamiliar to their weakness, the orthodox zmoglo priinyati wiklik polskogo Catholicism. Wrestling with a yogo-y enemy, methods of buying small Ukrainian magnates, they were deprived of their vvddaniem old times, they fell asleep at their own Volodymnia orthodox schools that drukarny. In 1568 the river. Grigoriy Khodkevich, after hitting a bobbin at his mate in Zabludov, scho in Bilorusia, Ivan Fedorov-a drukar , who drove off from Moscow for his vicarity to his "bluesnirsky" new technology of bookselling . Є the collection about those, 1570 р. Having fallen asleep on the territory of his Volodym school and drukarnju prince Juriy Slutsky. It was necessary for the adherence to the third power of the prince Andriya Kurbsky, vtikacha from Moscow, which in 1570 rock was settled on Volyn, having consecrated the defense of the Orthodox. Ala naiibilshim zagalnonavnaznim patron of the Orthodox church buv "uncrowned King of Ukraine" - Prince Kostyantin Ostrozky, one of the most well-known and naimomutnihih magnates of the Republic of Poland.

Kostyantyn Ostrozky i Ostrozka Akademia . In 1578, not kostyuyuchi koshtiv, Kostyantin Ostrozky is due to his mate on Volyn's drukarnyu, as he wrapped the incompetent mandrman Ivan Fedorov. In the 1581 r. З'являється найславетніша її публікація - ретельно відредагована Author ads : Острозька Біблія . Tse bula persha povna Bibliya, it is spelled out by the words of the lingua franca. Prince Ostrozky takozh nasnuvav schools in Turov, Volodymyr, and close to 1580 r. I shouted so I called Ostozka Akademia. Spotchatka the prince asked for the encyclopedias of the Greeks. Zgodom steel vikladati їхні найобдарованіші українські учні. During the program, the Navadka Academia was naryl with nimble uzuitskimi colleges. Vona included Greek, Latin, ecclesiastical, and takozh "sіm vіnnyh sciences" , which were added to the triumvium, which was folded into grammatics, rhetoric of the dialectic (the mystery of disputation), that of quadrivium, kudi included arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy .

Zgod Ostrozky looseness of science, becoming privalvuvati to himself such êteltektualyv, yak nobleman Gerasim Smotrytsky (scho serving as rector), priest Dem'yan Nalivaiko , Chernovets Vasil Surazky (a graduate of the Ukrainian universities), without the name of Klirik Ostrozky. Sred zazhozemtsiv, povyazyanyh z Akadememia, Buli Krzysztof Kazimirsky, Professor of Astronomy of Krakow Jan Lyatosh i Visokoosvncheniy Kyryl Lukaris, but zgodom becoming patriarch of Constantinople. The nativity of the cultural one was spot on, one Orthodox priest wrote: "I fell in love with the Son of God, and our husbands have turned to God's church and multiply books." Prote hoch Ostrozka Akademia demonstrated, on yakі vrazhayuchi zdobutki dumki buli zdatnі Ukrainki, base, sho pіdtrimuvala її, bula weak. Everything was lying in front of Prince Kostyantin Ostrozky . In the case of 1608 r. Він помер, його внучка Анна, фанатична католичка, не гаючи часу, has transferred академію єзуїтам.

Brotherhood . At shchastya for orthodox'ya, patronizing yogo culture was not interchanged Lisha enlarged tycoons old relatives. Навіть podbavlenе вечної еліти українське суспільство було нато velikie і nadto gliboko pass tradition, but do not breed zahisnikіv sієєї релігійно-культурної самобутності. Same in mestah, de Ukrainians became utiskuvannu, ali tisno zgurtovanu menshist, i z'yavilisya novy champions of the orthodox'ya. On the face of the odnokiniv, subobnih to oznovladtsya Ostrozkogo, tsebuli grupi mіschan, kotrі obednevalisya y so zvany fratstva.

Istoriki pripuskayut, scho fraternity vinikli for chasіv serednjovіchchya in order to shoe Utrimuvati church, postachayuchi ім svichki, іkoni ta knigi. Ymovirno, having recognized the glimmer of the helldog, the stinkers overcame the sobi taku organizatsynu model, yak perebachal shorichnyi vibory servicemen, obovvyazykovi schomisyachny zbori, a mix of vneskiv and communal judiciary. The Brotherhood conquered the valor and popularity, sought out by the widows and orphans of their deadly members, podtrimuyuchi shpitali ndayuchi its members without interest. In the XVI century. Nayvazhlivshim і nayvplivalovshim boo brotherhood at Uspensky Cathedral in Lviv. Vaughan served as a widow for the younger brotherhoods, scho vinikali at Galichi, Rogatin, Stryi, Komarny, Yaroslav, Holmi, Lutsku Kyevi.

To the point of view of the Social Warehouse of the Brotherhood, they agreed to forgive all trades and customs. At the mir zrostania, I vpevu up to the brotherhoods priednuvalisya zamozhnі kruptsi - Lvivi vony zvichayno bagatili z torghivlі lethargy. Prote in active brotherhoods overpassed the limits of suspilstva. Thus, the membership of the Lutsky Brotherhood became the szlachta, and Kievvsky - the clergy. I will pay tribute to those who are in the state with a glybok sub-class, Yakim bula Ric Pospolita, the brotherhoods have taken to themselves Orthodox believers in social institutions. Almost the number of members in the stink of buli is not great. Lvivske brotherhood did not overhaul ZO members, bos sama stіlki ukraїnskih rodin mali dozvіl live in the city. In Lutsk, the brotherhood did not exceed 15 members. However, the disagreement between the small organisational bullets is very effective.

Odnією з найважливіших їхніх турбот була шкільна Right. In the 16th c. Lvivsky brotherhood fell asleep wax school. Vіsі викладачі в ній, за винятком the scientist of the Greek Arsenіya, and Sime Zizanіy Tustanovsky, Kirilo Stavrovetsky ta Maybutny Metropolitan Iov Boretsky, resembled the monastery population. About supermini suvori, yakshcho vzagalі realistic rules, any of which have kiruvali tsya інші браські schools of Ukraine, to comply with the statute, so ranks "Order шкільний": the teacher of Mavi "pious, wise, modest, streamanim, not piyakoyu, revelers, hubarnik ". Naholoshujuchi on that great velikіy відповідальності, що lay on викладачах, ці rules заохочували їх "goodness навчати і карати неслухняних not як the tyrant, and for a science". The Lviv school was crouching with such pauperism, but the brotherhood of the brotherhood was being stolen up to the pro-Khan's nada, I would be glad to hear it, vyrydity vchitiliv, propovidnikiv, and to add books. On the cob of the XVII century. Numerous schoolchildren have been placed in all Ukraine.

Іншою важливою цариною діяльності Львівського братства, зачачаковаю до до існування schools, було книгодрукарство. When Ivan Fedorov came to Lviv, the brotherhood helped the yom to sleep with the drukarnyu. In 1574 r. The yogi of Persia is the book "Apostle". Tse bula vidatna podіya, scho marked the ear of books on Ukraine. In 1582 the river. Fedorov turn to Lviv, on the offensive rock, die from the great bastards. If the creditors began to pogruzhuvatim thim, sho vidberut u nogogo drukarnyu, її bought Lvivske brotherhood, having moved to the center of the Orthodox booksellers.

Poshirennya shkil i druku rokbudilo kolis pasivnyh i conservative Ukrainians. Sotnі vihovantsіv shkіl, traversed in the spirit of the national traditions, and takozh obiznanih іz zahіdnoevropeyskoyu science, became mandrimnymi vchiteli, rozloshilsya on mistah i villages at poshukah zabotku. We know the time of the fates, the stinks were carried away by the powerlessness and irreconcilability. Zamist of that schob pass to the Polish Catholicism, stinks and zrostayuchoyu rishuchyustyu became boroniti rlіgіynі traditsії, scho vidrіznyali їх vіd polikіv. With the butt of new beginnings, in the spiritual life, the convenient opir of the Lviv brotherhood, the needs of the Polish Catholics, navigate the Grigorian calendar.

Without a summons, all the worlds of the great buli are the result of brotherhood. Prote mali stink takozh and wadi. The vital problem of the boulevard is the lack of financial support. Unfamiliar to everywhere ubiquitous, fraternity so I did not yakogos koordiynichogo organ і їхні vzаmozvіyа buly sporadichnymi. Diyalnist brotherhoods characterize neposlіdovnistyu, oskilki naivіt provіdnu Lvivske brotherhood zalezalo vid kilkok okremih people. Where did people vstrachivali, pampered chi (yak tseplalilos with teachers) znachodichi sobi dess in nisshomu mistsii ny krasche pobchchuvanu posadu, diyalnist brotherhood nerіdko pripinyalasya trivaly hour. Sche seryoznіshoyu Bula superechka about those Chi fraternity toil right vtruchatisya V from the right church. Yak i nalezhalo spodіvatisya, mіzh them that єpiskopami spalahuvali konflіkti for control maєtnostyami yakogos Bhagat Monastir (butt tsogo Mauger Buti baked Borotba mіzh єpiskopom lvіvskim Balaban she mіstsevim brotherhood), abo Mali Location superechki mіzh єpiskopom that mіschanami Navkolo of yak tlumachiti Bіblіyu. In rezultatі zamіst spriyannya vіdnovlennyu pravoslavnoї church fraternity nerіdko sprichinyalisya to slit bіlshoї anarhії in nіy.