Історія України - Subtelium Orest

A turning point

One o'clock in the evening, over Kozatskoy Ukraine, the surface of Moscow, the rest of the Pravnula, was introduced directly to the government. Zі sogo boku козацька верхівка, ще за доби Руїни розчарована пропольською and протурцькою політикою, bіше did not put під сумнів neххідність підтримувати зв'язок з Москвою. І all the cossack hetmani were playing for the protection of the one who was deprived of the rights, guaranteed by Pereyaslavsky for the sake of 1654 r. Wives spodivalisya, scho, vyavlyayuchi loyalty to Moskvi, perekonayut tsariv at its own level to go on stand-alone.

Ivan Mazepa (1687-1708) . Virishalniy stage in the women's apartments. Hetman's wife in Moscow, who was behind the hetmanuvannya Ivan Mazepi - one of the most numerous and most important of the supra-political polls in Ukraine. Originated Mazepa 1639 r. In the noble Ukrainian family, she was crooked by the great wickedness of Viskka Zaporozhky. Він дістав досить високу освіту. Having traveled to Kiev Kievan, Mazepa went over to Warsaw to join the Polish king in Warsaw. Tse gave yoma mozhnivist bagato podorozhuvaty kraїnami Zahidnoї Євроpi, and takozh vikonuvati obovyazyki korolіvskogo messenger in Kozatskiy Ukraine. In 1669, turning on Pravoberezzhzhya, Mazepa joins the service before the hetman of the Right Bank of Ukraine Petr Doroshenka. Vikonoichi his Pershu diplomatic embrace, vin drift into full to zaporozhts, yakі vidyayut yogo hetmanovі Livoberezhna Ukrainy Ivanova Samoilovich. Subtle politician, Mazepa namagayetsya peretoriti potentiyno catastrophe for yourself situation on the specialty triumph. Svoєyu dosvіdchenіstju in mіzhsprjannyh rights and бездоганними manners він переконує Самойловича зробити його довіреною особо. Tsі ж риси допомагають Мазе-пі встановити контакти з високопоставлениемми царськими урядовцями. In 1687, if Samoilovich was dragged, the yogi of the attacker of the boule was not just anybody else, Yak Mazepa, who was a patrician of the Russian nobility.

Ivan Mazepa

Ivan Mazepa

By a protagonist of the 21st-century Mazepa hetmanuvannya, having held the tradition for the hetman of Livoberezhna Ukrainy polity. Z nezachenoju poslіdovnistyu vіn (zmіtsnyu стано stanovische elders who distributed їй понад тисясячу 'дарчих на землі.) Do not forget about the gifts of the king of Mazepa. We are lavish enough to give gifts to the king of Mazepa. We accumulate close to 20 thousand meters of land and one-third of the nibagatshih feudal lavipi. Mazepa skerovuyet znachnu part of his own specialties pributkiv on the development of the relics of that cultural institution.The jealous patron of the orthodox, i vin will be in all the Hetmanschinі tsilu low of the monastic church, sporudzheniyh at pishnotu stil, yo yo o'clock nazivayut mazepinskim, no cossack, baroque . Hetmanuvannya Kyevo-Mogilyanska Akademii zmogla zavlyaki yogo pіdtrimtsі sporuditi novyi korpori і zbіlshiti up to 2 thousand students in the classroom.In addition, sleeping in the bagatoes of the younger shkіl and drukaren , shob "Ukrainian young could in the world of its mozhlivosty koristustavisya benefits osvіti."

Prote yakshchoo kiivskyi spadeye clergy stored in yogo honor ploplennyi panegiriki, then villagers and cossack black people could not say a lot about it. Yogi vidkryta and poslidovna pidtrymka sergeant zbudzhuvala everywhere nevdovolennya means of the masses of the masses of moody proti sergeant zaporozhtsiv. Potencyno vibuchova situation Vinikla in 1692 r .. kol Petro Ivanenko-Petrik. Scriber, cotrieu mav wide, polichnichny zv'yazki, vtіk on Sіchі and becoming pіdnіmaty there stabbed against the hetman. After answering, after an hour's time the old sergeant-general turned up, yak "Smokche to the people of the blood and" vozvolit our Batkivshchyna Ukraine, "the author of Moskvi", Petrik at his own namaganni utiliti nezalezhne Ukrainska prince zarachaetsya pidtrimkoju Krymskih Tatars. If the Tatars have stopped taking part in it, they turned the population into a grabuvati, the popularity of Petrik has become popular with the people and the rebellion has been stolen.

Vzaimini from Moscow . Gidne podivu pidnesennya Mazepi vіd vyaznya up to the hetman, yogo zdatnist trimati in obedi nenasitnu i pidstupnu sel'shinu vodnochas iz polyotiki polotiki, scho poklat obobi buriвогоlivogo tsveta e ekonomichnogo rozvitku.-all tse dosyagnennya pershoryadnoye vagi. Ta naibylsh vrazhayucha rice Mazepi yak politika polagala in uminnyi zahischati yak vlasnі, so zagalnooukraїnskі Іnteresi, zberіgayuchi vodnochas dobry stosunki z moskvoyu. Koli in the 1689 р. On t ron ziyshov molodiy i енергійний Петро 1. the hetman already in the process of crocheting the unflagged gift of charuvati mozhnladtsiv. Він nadavav tsar actively active in the grandiose campaigns to Turk and the Tatars, the culture of which became zdobuttya in 1696 r. Azov - the key Turkish turkey on the Azov Sea. Stariyuchy hetman takozh postyyno giving an underdeveloped young monarchy, please at the polish right: zgodom mizh them vikikla tisna especial friendship. Kozaktsy colonels sarcastically sarcastically. Scho "tsar skorishe not povyryat angelsov, nizh Mazepi", and the Russian military officers stated. "Nikoli" was not a buno of the hetman of the korisny and the vigil for the tsar. Yak Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa ".

Zavshyaki close knobs iz Petr 1 Mazepa zmіg cope with the great Cossack rebels, sho vibuhnulo on pidlleglomu Poles Pravoberezhzhi u 1702 r. Pislya yak tsei area zno boulo populated, the Polish gentry was trying to vignati zvіdti kozakiv. Pravoberezhne kozatstvo on choli from the popular with the people of Colonel Semyon Paliem pidnaylo insurgency: perelyacheni polski sergeants povidomlyali, scho Paliy hoche "piti slidami Khmelnitsky." The force of the rebels already nalichuvali 12 yew. If they were joined by their little cossack witches - Samiylo Samus, Zakhar Iqra, Andriy Abazin . The taiga of Poland, Yak Nemyriv, fell into a nuisance before the insurgents. Беріччів та Біла Церква. I leak to the Polish security gentry from the Auger to the Boo. Scho rozgortaetsya schos on zrazok menshogo variantu 1648 roku. However, in 170 ^ r. Poles managed to vvdvoyuvati znachnu part vtracheni lands - take the Palia into a collateral in yogo "capital" Fastiv. In the meantime, the Polish invasion of Nayebil'shy voyage of Peter 1 - the King of Shvets Karp XII. Skorastavshisya zamishanyannyam. Mazepa will overturn the tsar to allow the yom otkupuvati Pravoberezzhzha. Знову обидві частини Наддніпрянської України були об'єднані, і merit здійснення цього міг attributed to Mazepa. Shchob garantuvaty itself vid zagrosi z side popular in the people of Palia. Mazepa for the good of Peter 1 punish zareshtuvati that I zaslati to Sibiru.

Prote on the cob of the XVIII century. In vzaimovigіdnih stosunkah із king, scho їх Mazepa so sprinted pіdtrimuvav, z'яляється напруженість. In 1700 rubles. Vibuhnula great Pіvnіchna vіyna. In the 21st anniversary of the battle of the Baltic Sea of ​​the Baltic Sea, the Russian counterparts were the lead opponents of the Russian tsar Petro I, the 18th- century King of Shvets Karp XII , a military commander, a captain of keps. Having recognized a number of catastrophic wreckages on the cob of the wings, Petro 1, Tsei the pathetic assortment of zahidnih zvichaiv, virishuyu modernizmi armiiu, governed syspilstvo vzagali. It is well known that the central authority was governed, the pilgrimage was controlled by all the inhabitants of the village, and they were also seen as "Zaporizhia zvicha". In the intervenes of the country, the policy of floods was spent guaranteed in 1654 rubles. The traditional autonomy of Getman.

Pіd hour vіyni tsar hanging in front of the Ukrainians nechuvanі early vіmogi. Kozaki vpishe obvinnyi buli voyuvati viklychno for the interest of the king. Zamist of that shchob zahischati his land for unasporeed people - Poles, Tatars and Turks, Ukrainians Buli teper zmusheni be beaten with shvedskimi armies in faraway Lviv, Lithuania Central Poland. In the course of the campaigns, it became obvious that those Cossacks could not be reread with regular European armies. Рік у рік їхні paddocks turned from півночі, having conceived the waste, шо shyed 50, 60 і навіть 70% to the warehouse. Koli, namagayuchichsya Uzbyodi dії svoїh vіys'k, Petro 1 putting on cholі kozatskih polkіv rysіyskih and nimetskih commanders, morale spirit kozakiv zanepav. Chuzhozhnnyi ofitseri were put up in contempt to the cossack wisska, yaques were ruled by girshim and often vikoristovuvali simply yak garmatne m'yaso. Kolya prikozli sensitive about naimiri Petra І reorganizuvati kozakiv, the foreman, the position of the anchor boulevard in the village of Viask, had become worried.

Війна викликала ремствування також серед українських селян і міщан. The stinkers scurried, but in the villages and villages the Russians grew, and they sat up in the mosquito population. "Звідусіль, - having written tsarevі Mazepa, - I отримую скарги на свавілля російських військ". Navit hetman becoming vidchuvati zadrozu, if pisli pogolosi namiri tsar zameniti yogi alien foreign general or grand duke.

Unsatisfactorily, the time has come to shove Mazepa to shuffle the new patron, a boule to the peasants of the Ukrainian zahisti. Koli Polish ally of Charles XII Stanislav Leszczynski becoming pogrozhuvaty attack on Ukraine, Mazepa zvernnushsya by dopomogu before Peter 1. Tsar, chekayuchi stepping Swedes, posted: "I can not date to visit ten choloviks; Boronisya, yak znayas. " The goal for the hetman was the remainder of the trajectory. Petro 1 having defeated zobov'yazannya defending the Ukraine from the uninvolved poles, the sho was the basis of the 1654 r., And the Ukrainian hetman ceased to engage himself in zobov'yazanim zberigati virnist tsarev. 28 жовтня 1708 р., If Charles XII, kotriyi isosh on Moscow, wrapping up in Ukraine, Mazepa, in the above way to be spoiled by its edge, after going over to the bishops. Behind him pislo near Zys. Козаків і провідних member senior. Umovi, for some Ukrainians priidednisya to Karl, buly installed at the pact, pypdisannomu spring spring. For nadannya vіys'kovoї допомоги та провізії Karl обіцяв захищати Україна й утримуватися від підписаня мир з царем right up to the time звільнення її від влади Москви та відновлення її даніхх right.

Petro 1 got acquainted about "the stuffing of the new Iudi Mazepi in the great zdivuvannam." Through the day, the passage to Mazepi's transition to the Swedes on the Hetman capital, Baturin, attacking the commanding Russian intelligentsia in Ukraine, Prince Menshikov and Vіrіzav usіh residents: 6 тис. Чоловіків, жінок і дітей. Звістка about the massacre in Baturin and Teror, yo yogo rozpochali in the Ukraine російські війська, заарештовуючи й стращчи за найменшою підозрою в симпатіях до Мазепи, змінила plan багатох із potentіynikh pribіchnіvі hetman. Tim Petro 1 after punishing the elders, but did not write for Mazepa, turn the new hetman, the 2nd leaf fall 1708 r. He became Ivan Skoropadsky. The fearful butt of Baturin, the rustle of the Russian cities, the greasiness of the Ukrainian cliques, the water of the Protestant Swedes made them wary. The great part of the Ukrainian population did not want to peppermate Mazepa. Vona Volila pochechati and pobachiti, yak rovivatimutsya podi. Yak is not marvelously, alike to the only group of Ukrainians inhabited by the population, but it has become the hetman's biker, the Zaporozhye Bull. Hoch stinker often cooked for him because of the obscenity of the elders, but they all vvazhali Mazepa with the lesser evil, ported to the tsar. For all the riches, stinks are very expensive to pay. In herbs 1709 r. Російські війська зрунували Січ , and the tsar vidav postly dyyuchy nazak strochuvati on mіtsіі skinny pіymanogo zaporozhtsya.

Stretch autumn, winter and spring 1708-1709 rr. Військові сили суперників maneuvered, Прагнучи знайти для себе стратегигічно вигідні позиції та заручитися підтримкою українського населення. Нарешті 28 червня 1709 р. Відбулася Poltava battle - one of the most famous battles in Europe. By a transitional one at Niy Vishov Petro 1, the result of the failure of the plan was Shvetsії підпорядкувати собі Північну Європу. Rosіya те teper secured control over the uzberezhzhy Baltijskogo Sea and began to perevtovyvatysya can European power. Щдо українців, the battle has swept the kynets їхнім намаганням vідокомимися від Росії. Now the rest of the poglinennya Hetmanshchiny mіtsnіyuchoyu Rosіyskoy імперією було тільки питанням часу. І справді, Petro 1 vvazhav anglіyske ponovolennia Іrlandії add-on model for your health in Ukraine.

Вітаючи після поразки від переслідування російської кінноти. Mazepa and Karl XII knew the hamper near Moldavia, but lay on Turechchin. Here, blya m. Bendery, 21 весня 1709 р . In the grief of the 70-річний grief Mazeppa died.

Pilip Orlik (1710-1742) . For Mazeppo to Bender pisli plyshko 5 0 провідних представників старшини, майже 500 козаків із Hetmanshchini та пона 4 тис. Zaporozhtsiv. Ці "мазепинці", як їх an hour називають історики, були першою українською політичною еміграцією. In the 1710 r. Stink off the hetman from the wrecked Pilip Orlik, who, under Mazepi Buv, was the general clerk. Namagayuchis zavoyuvati sobi pidtrimku, Orlik warehouse is the draft constitution ("Rasі е е сопхіііііііоpeh") - so called Bendersky constitution. Neu vine zobov'yazuvavsya obmezhiti hetmansky prerogative, zmenshiti sotsial'nu ekspluatatsiyu, zberegti especial status zaporozhtsi i borotisya for polichnichnoe ekstremne vidokremlennya Ukraini vіd Rosii y vidapku, yakshcho vіn zdobude vladu na Ukrainі. For pidrtimki Charles XII Orlik joins the union of Krimskimi Tatars and Ottoman Porto on the ear 1711 р. Розпочинає спільний похід запорожців і татар проти росіян on Україні. Після кількох вражаючих успіхів цей похід has failed. The protagonist of the oncoming landslides Orlik із неликою групою прибічників їздить від однієї європейської столиці до ньшшої in пошуках підтримки своєї справи. Vreshti-reshit hetmana on vignannіі інтернували in Ottomanskyі імперії. Proteyn not pripinyav bombarduvati French, Polish, Swedish and Turkish polichnichnyh diyachiv manfestami about nedolyu Ukraina at once with blue Grigoriem planuvati kroki, crooked on zvilnennya vitchichni vid "Moscow yoke."