Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Кирило-Мефодіївське company

B birch in the year 1847. Student of the Kiev University Olexiy Petrov donis to the tsarist authorities about taєmne comradeship, yake vin vipadkovo viyaviv. Поліція зразу ж зашштува провідних memberів цієї групи th delivered Їх near Petersburg. At the result of the post-election, the authorities were informed about the establishment of the Kirilo-Mefodiyskoy comradeship - the first in Ukraine on the organization of the political rectification.

It became obvious that the authorities were overwhelmed by the interference of the broad pied-up of the buli with rebuilding. The partnership was in the fold of a dozen of active members of the same group of spivchuyushchikh. Prior to the group were the young representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia on behalf of Mikola Kostomarimov (vystadiruem іstorikom i vikladachom university), vsitelyom Vasil Bilozersky (vihidtsom iz nobles) and Mikolo Gulak (dribnim, ale visokososvichim official). Hoch two інших інтелігенти - викладач гімназії та the writing of Panteleimon Kulish and the well-being of knowledge she sings Taras Shevchenko - piddrimuvali with comradeship no stranger stіykі zv'yuchki, їh takozh zaшaštuvali. The partnership of the boulo is not less than a small one, but it's a bargaining chip for its daughter. Stretch approximate 14 months in the yogo існування "brother" zobilisya kіlka разів на тривалі філософські політичні дискусії (під час однієї з якзі and був присутній донощик Петров) та підготували ряд положень своєї програми.

Nayvazhlivshi zikh zih pozhnen ', formolovovanykh Kostomarovim, mstilsya u creati pіd nazvoyu "The Law of God (Book Butt Ukrainians to the people) . " Writing in dusi romanticism that idealism of that hour, the shunuvannam of the Christian Christians and the pan-Slavic elements, tse tvir, scho recognizing the strong Polish models, zaklikav to perebudovy suspilstva on ambushes justice, freedom, freedom, brotherhood. Sereda proponovany u nyomu specific zahodiv buli skasuvannya kripatstva, lіkvіdatіya juridicheskikh vіdmіnost mіzh станами, доступність освіти для мас. Natsionalnye pitaniya, scho z sisyyu osnovnistyu podvernulo naybіlshu respect of the comradeship, put in a wide context pan-Slavism: "All the words of the people's people are flaunting the right to cultivate their own culture and importantly, stinks to blame the words of the federation with democratic institutions, analogues, "In the United States." The capital of the federation is the state of Kyiv.

The first line on the shljahu line of federations, musil piti Ukraina, yaku Kostomarov, yoga odnodumtsі vvazhali vodnochas і nybіlsh prignіchenoyu, i nybіlsh егаітарні середня усіх слов'янських суспільств - through відсутість at ній знаті.

Подібне до Христового, воскресіння цієї країни was described in pseudoblobal style: "I vowed to Ukraine. Alya, then it was no longer living ... the voice of Ukraine is not zimovk. Встана Україна з своєї домовини і закличе браів-слов'ян; Pochuvshi її zaklik, vstasnut vsi word'yani ... і стане Україна самостійною републікою у слова'янському союзі. Тоді всі народди вказуватимуть туди, де на картаі розміщена Україна, і казатимуть: "To be amazed, vidkinuty budivelnikami kamіn becoming narinzhim stone". Таке мессіанське бачення майбутнього України, within the framework of federations and spiralsya on nadmirі іdealizovanu picture її the last, ali vikliulo іdeju її повної незалежності. Perevazhna bilshist member of the association, for the wagtail of Shevchenko's name is only a few, summed up at the building of its own "me" and "poetic" spivvitsichnikiiv іsnuvati irresolutely.

Pozhodzhuyuchisya schodo zagalnyh ambushes, the participants of the group, one, rozlichsya in pitannyi about those that vvazhat perkshochegovym i nigolovnishim. For Kostomarov, the goals were the brotherhood of the words; Shevchenko palko vimagav sotsialnogo natsionalnogo zvіlnennya Ukrainki, and Kulish naholoshuvav on povestilivostі rozvitku ukraїнської культури. Bilshist vislovlyulavalasya for evolyutsіynі method, spodіyvuychis, scho zagalna osvita, propaganda and "moral butt", a kind of stench to subvert the authorities - tse naydіyovіshi zasobi досягнення set. At the same time, Shevchenko and Gulak represented the dusk of the Menshosts, who, in the same way, lost their revolution in the name of the Bazhany zmіni. Вім ці розходження не слід перебільшувати. The members of the association have summed up the wholesale rate of the property, the niharaktern, the bureaucracy to steal the socially-economical, the cultural and political share of Ukraine.

In contrast, the characterless comradeship of the tsarist authorities virilis punish the yogo providnyh members. In this case, the haggling of the boule is unequal. Костомаров, Куліш та інші помірковані дістали порівняйо легкі вирок, що перебачали залання вглиб Росії на рік і менше, після чого їм was allowed to sell in advance. Gulak was condemned to three rockin 'uv'yaznennya. That nasuvorishe boule punished Shevchenko, in a king and yogi bureaucrats vannacha nainebezpechny sosnika comrades. Yogi viddali at the soldier for 10 rock. Mikola himself 1 finished writing to the viroku taki: "... under the strictest supervision and prohibition to write and draw . " Фізичні th morality of the torture of one's desecration caused the death of Shevchenko in 1861 p.

Znachennya Kirilo-Mefodіївського of the partnership is important for a few cities. Vano was a Pershu, hoch and nevdalu, I wanted to go from cultural to a half-national stage of the national development; Vono adhered to the respect of the tsar's ranks (doc dots namagavsya rose a map of Ukraine's anti-Polish cultural vpliviv in Ukraine) to the potential failure of the national security of the Ukraine; Ліквідація of the comradeship gave a signal to the attack of anti-Ukrainian political activity and marked the cob of the dovzhnya bezopinnoї borotby ukraine's enterprise with the Russian mark.