Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Українські політичні партії

The Ukrainians, the analogs of these countries and the other peoples of the world, were shorn in a polite way, they characterized 1890-tons of cobs of 1900-th rock. Z one side, tselo bilo їхнім reaguvaniam on the repressions of the 1880s, and in front of them - standing in front of them nadyhayuchy butt of the new pozhvlvlenya y svizhih ideos, scho zarodzhuvalisya sredovischy rosіyskih radicals. One important stimulus was the appearance of a new generation of Ukrainian citizens who were proud to call themselves "nationally beloved Ukrainians," vyamovnicho vimagayuchi for their people's national rights, and political freedom of social justice.

Ці «нові» українці були is overridden by students, and especially by contacts with them, stinks were put into the homemade ta universite koli, de vinikali glance, kotrі zgodom shtokhli їh to proizvodstvenno opozitsії scrachy. Kar'єra of the Ukrainian діяча sounded like a schema. Spotchatka yunak, scho navchavsya in gimnazii, znoyomivsya z "pidrivnimi" idei, lіberalne moody vikladach giving yomu smuggling literature and asking for a part in the taemnih diskusynyh gurtki. In the university, such a junak entering the Ukrainian community; Vychik z them, napriklad kiivska chi peterburzka, nalichuvali hundreds of members. In the case of a student, having encircled a series of ideologies, entering the cola vidomih diyachiv and nyrodko pochinav zaymatisya illegal diyalnistyu, napriklad, publikatsiyyu y poshirennya antitsaristskoy literaturny.

Conflicts from the detachment of the dead were more radicalized by the students. So, in 1901 the river. A unit of silomitsi vіddav at the soldier 183-х студентів-активістів Київського університету. Tse viklikalo masov strajki solіdarnosti v sotsі Ukrainі ta vozvilo v viklyuchennya z uviversertu great number of students, bugato z yakih dyshli visnovku, scho iodinim for them boolo stati revolutionaries. Chimalo students, zvіsno, nіkoli did not take part in the radical dіyalnіі abovіdli vіd neї, zakіnchivshi navchannya. However, it was important to know the mean of the Ukrainian poli tical projects, such as not winning the popularity of the sport, but the student activist was not a member of the student's community, but served as the primary material for Ukrainian political organizations. The first organ was identified with the young people of the "svidomih" Ukrainians vidbulasya in 1891, if a group of students at Cholis z Ivan Lipoyu, Boris Grinchenkom and Mikola Mikhnovskiy zibralasya at the grave of Taras Shevchenko and created the "Brotherhood of Taras". Zanekopoevne tim, sho krashcha Ukrainians fry in the Russian revolutionary organization, brotherhood virishilo create the Ukrainian ruk jak alternative to the radicalism of radicalism and culture in vzagali. Vono zap'yazalo contacts zі studentnyh groups in Kiev, Odessa, Poltava and Chernivogov, and the organ of organizing lectures, staging p'yas, is sacred to the honor of T. Shevchenko. Deykі zikh groups have been privy to a vidual association, but they have been folded up in the middle of 80 osib, it is important to vchitelіv pochatkovyh shkіl, the main method of the I-boule is the widening of the students' sights and villages of the Ukrainian literature. Lipa ta yogo odnodumtsi, in addition, they called Ukrainian writers naslіduvati at his creations європейські зразки замість російких.

Alle nasvidatnishim досягненням brotherhood was publikatsiya in 1893 р. At the lion's newspaper "Pravda" of the yogo glorious credo - "Declarations of the young Ukrainians ". Tsei is a rustic document, taking offensive nationalism, pre-destructively criticizing Ukraine for їхню інтелектуальную залежність від російської культури. The yogi author is rehearsed about the nam nimir stati tim, kim nikoli not bulo older than the generation, tobto іistinely українською інтелігенцією. On the order of their own "Ukrainians" stinks zobov'azovalivas rozmovlyati viklychno Ukrainskoyu moovoyu, vihovuvati in the "Ukrainian soul" of its own, vimagati викладання in the schools української мови й при кожній н агоді боронити українську справу. In the tsarina poliiki, the ukhnyoyu meto boulo tslkovite vyznannya Ukrain yak naremogo people in the boundaries of democratic federal Russia. However, in all the countries of the world, the active participation in cultural activities, the brotherhood of those who were not acquainted with the most concrete concrete results and with a neat bar was rooted in the Ukrainian Ukrainian political organizations.

Ureshti-reshet deaf gomin nevdovolnya, popova novozvoryenyh groups, and takozh zrostannya chiselnostі uchasnikіv hromad zmusili ichivshikh dyachiv Ukrainski ruhu trivalіy perervі 1880-s rokіv znovu dіyati. In the year 1897, З ініціативи Антоновича й Кониського вони hung up on the pidpilnu organіzіcію, що об'єднала б усіх українських активістів імперії. Внаслідок цього has put "Українська zagalna organizatsiyya" (UZO), scho has been a federation close to 20 gromad, bagaat student groups have been sent back to the choir with a consultative committee from Kyiv. For giving taєmnoї polіtsії, active membersіng organіzatії nalіchuvalosya blizko 450, 100 з them діяли в Києві. Yak zavzhdi, one of the first krokiv tієї organізації became a taste of nadrukuvati in the press "The message to the Ukrainians." Tse became, zokrema, the cause of zasnuvannya in Kiev izogovodavnitva UZO y book. Vona takozh ułashtuvala svytkuvannya rіchnits narodzhenna T. Shevchenko that іnshih vidatnyh Ukrainian writing, scho p.p. pennes to the moral spirit of the Ukrainians. Especially the boulevards of the svjatkuvannya souvenir yuliilev 1. Kotlyarevsky in 1903 р. T. M. Lisenka in 1904, in some took the fate of the tysiach predstavnykіv ukrainskogo інтелігенції, in the number niz Zakhidnoy Ukrainy. To help them, having called out the rescheduling of the territory for Ukraine, the UZO has fallen asleep special fund. Poyva UZO blessed about those who, older than the generation of Ukrainians, had experienced the need for self-government, protégée її діяльності вказував на небажання відмовитися від культурництва й перейти до політичної роботи. Відтак наприкінці XIX ст. Українці all the same not mali addition, sho vzhe mali інші меншості, скажімо, євреї та поляки, - тобто політичної партії.

Революційна українська партія (РУП) . І znovu sama in Kharkiv inivitsiativu took a group of students, before they included L. Matusevich, Juriy Collad, O. Kovalenko, that blue old times Ukrainofiliv - Dmitro Antonovich, Mikhailo Rusov, D. Poznansky . At січні 1900 р. The stinks fell asleep. The Revolutionary Party of Ukraine - a secretly conspiratorial group. Metoyu tsієї першої у Східній Україні політичної партії було об'єднання різних поколінь і класів у боротьбі за національні права и соціальну революцію. Especially the children of the students of the Kharkiv group were inherited in a vitally important manner. Until 1902 p. Діяло вже шість организаізацій - у Києві, Харкові, Полтаві, Лубнах, Прилуках і Катеринославі, coordinates the central committee. Prior to the party, such was the least important group of people in the university. For poligshennaya realizatsii izavnichoї progry, shho became obovvyazkovu storozu diyalnosti partneri, buli zasnovanі zakordonnny bureau near Lviv - in Galichyni ta Chernivtsi - on Bukoviny. RUE published two periodichnih vidannya - "Gaslo" and "Selyanin", which were transported to Rossiyskoy Ukrainy and put together for a meta polizizuvati villages.

The party party nasharovulisya on pereskodi - vlasne todi, if vona vdalasya before prokubi chitkishe vypoljuvati its programu. The problem itself was posed to the cob: from the revolutionary point of view, I deserved credit to the bilhu respect - natsionalnoe chi sotsіialno-ekonomichne pitanie? Spotchatka from the published party pamphlet "Samostyna Ukraina" (author - a patriotic nationalist Mykola Mikhnovskiy) vyplivalo, scho natsionalnne pitanya adhered to a great respect її memberів. Prote zgodom, z method poshirennya svoyh vplyivіv pose interi priminal nucleus "svidomikh Ukrainians" for selenstvo, RUP de sadali privately zvertalasya sotsialno-ekonomichnyh pitan. Prior to that, the Bagato members had become positively Marxists, postrepovo peretvoyuyuchi partiju to sotsіalno-democratichnu organizatsiyu.

In the course of the cycles, the members of the RUE vinikla napruzhenst. Bilshist on cholis with Mykola Porshom and yogo comrades Volodymyr Vinnichenkom and Simon Petlyura were vvazhali, scho tsya organizatsiya moe bouti natsionalnoyu partiєyu, up to the anchor included b viklychno ukrayntsi i yaka poednuvala b natsіonalizm iz Marksizmom. Інші ж (head viznikom їхніх поглядів виступав Мар'ян Меленевський) hoti, shoob RUP vkidnula its nationality, becoming an autonomous organisation of the Russian Social and Democratic Party, it represented b sysіh робітників України, незалежно від їхньої національності.

Now the term is short-termed on fractions. Radically tuned інтелігенція led the barking with the tsarist autocracy, yak pereshkojalo formvannu atmosferi tolerance, neobhidnoy for vidkritogo spoksynogo obogovorennya riznomannyh dumok. Tsia borotba did not give way to such zahidnoevropeyskim ambushes, yak misterstvo polіticichnyh kompromіsіv i pravlіnnya bіlshostі. Vydtak on all the shots of the revolutionary ruch widened the gap became fractional. If one group of revolutionaries did not wait in earnest, then, as a rule, it was lavished on its own positions, fanatically zvinuvuchaychi ideologicheskih otponentiv in a sudden vipadku in fools, and in girshomu - in reactivity. Todi, vpevnena in her right, tsya group tearing zv'yazki in the original organizatsiyyyu and zasnovuvala vlasnu fractions. Often, the contempt for collusion comrades is as strong as the hatred of the tsar's regime.

The Ukrainians did not express themselves in a vinyatka in the tsy tendencies, about sewing svidchat rozkoly, yakі vinikli in the RUE. In 1902 the river. Під впливом націоналістичних настроів Міхновського від партії відкололася small group and fell asleep cryptin for чисельністю Українську національну партію. After two rock fights, the RUE Viyshl was signed part of the її members, but they adjourned to Melenevsky, and he came to the Russian social democrats. Fraction Melenevskogo (won was called "Spilka") is small per meter to pererotvoritsya at the Marxist party in Ukraine at the warehouse of the Russian organisation. Tі, scho were deprived in the RUE, they switched to themselves on the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party of the Party, and nadalі namagalisya poednuvati Marxism and Nationalism.

A characteristic aspect of the RUE Buli її stosunki іnіshim non-Ukrainian Marxist parties. In vzaiminakh iz the Russian Social Democratic Party of Ukraine's Marxism, they knew their own long-standing counterparts - and for the sake of the revolutionaries themselves, they should be subordinated to the tsarist ranks to the centrality. Time after time, if the RUE masqueraded nalagodity with the Russian Social Democratic Party of robots, discussing quietly the most important things, the chiefs went into a remote kut through the skyline of an autonomous Ukrainian autonomous status. Zate z Polskoi sotsialisticheskuyu sessiessy and especially with the Eurasian Bund RUE pidtrimuvala beautiful stosunki. Tse vіdbіtіvіsіya u kritіtsіі z boku РУП дисримінації євреїв вімперії, а також у підтримці Bundom намагань українців achieve autonomy in the warehouse of the Russian Social Democratic Party.

Remember. RUE did not deprive the ears of the other parties, but the zmusila pomirkovanih Ukrainians, obnednih in the RCD, to the crook, I have a stink of dovgo unique. In 1904 the river. Z ініціативи ввгена Chikalenka UZO voted for perestvorennya on the liberal party, but set the method for the implementation of the constitutional rule, the implementation of social reforms, the zbotbutya of the national rights for the Ukrainians in the inter-federation of the Russian Federation. Zrobiti tse krok znachnoy mirovu shtohali pobyuyvannya, scho molodi, radically sostoyanie sotsialisti, pidporyaduvavshi sobi Ukrainian ru, yopo yopo in such a richesch, de bude importantly plevti respectable professors, we will delegate officials to that zemtsyam. Yak і nalezhalo check, on the basis of whiсh viоni іdeologіchіchnі essence of thе fractions of thе fate. Щоб заспокоїти своїх лівих членів, ліберальна парія перейменувалася on Українську the radical democratic party. Al, for example, the name of the war for the day was deprived of the liberal party, which is subordinate to the Russian cadets.

This rank, until 1905 p. Український рух значно зріс. In the course of the development of a number of partnerships, they disbanded a broad range of opportunities for national, political and societal-economic problems in Ukraine. Aly all parts of the party, yakі early, they were folded in a very important way, and they were worn out by the worms. Prior to that, all the secrets of the Mayzhe all Ukrainian people, the conservative point of view in the Ukrainian political spectrum was not represented, but they were embroiled in Ukraine to join the conservative political parties. Alya popri pri vz tsі nedolіki not підлягало сумніву, що український рух нарешті вийшов за межі кульництва, having entered into the new, polichnichu stodіy svogo rozvitku.