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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

spirits Zhittya

UKRAЇNSKA Orthodox Church

Square Ukraїnska Orthodox Church

Headache faded Hmelnichchine Bula Borotba for vіru Orthodox. Bogdan Khmelnytskyi roku 1648 on the cob to insurrection, wrote about korolevі Vladislavovі IV utiski, yakih zaznayut Orthodox people that the Orthodox Church. On Konvokatsіynomu Soymі 1648 rock made vimogu pravoslavnoї gentry, predstavnikom yakoї CCB Bratslavsky voєvoda Adam Kisіl, about Povernennya Orthodox їhnіh rights. In Zborіvskomu traktatі 1649 rock one іz Bulo Perche punktіv viznannya for Orthodox rights narіvnі s Roman Catholics. Orthodox Metropolitan dіstati MAV Location in Senatі. Unіya kasuєtsya. In Bіlo-Tserkіvskomu dogovorі 1651 rock right pіdtverdzhenі Orthodox boule. Ale on praktitsі OAO All tsі vimogi not vikonano: Orthodox Metropolitan dіstav not Georeferencing in Senatі churches that maєtnostі scho їh took unіyati, zalishilisya in їhnіh hands. Naygostrіsha Borotba s unіyatami tochilasya in Peremiskіy єparhії.

Khmelnytskyi, vistupayuchi vves hour proti unії, viznavav right Katolitskoї Roman Church. In aktі Zluka Pinskoї gentry s Getmanskoyu powers navіt zabezpecheno right Katolitskoї Roman Church.

Orthodox Church in novіy Getmanskіy derzhavі zaynyala chіlne Location. Bohdan Khmelnytskyi in serious minds dalshoї Borotba not zabuvav Church i generously dopomagav їy. Low unіversalіv Nadab vіn Monastery bagato maєtkіv. In Tsikh nadannyah I took fate i getmanova Anna, yak vlasnoruchno pіdpisanim unіversalom 1655 roku Nadal maєtnostі Gustinskomu manastirevі. OAO All nastupniki B. Khmelnytskyi in bіlshіy abo menshіy mіrі takozh slapped zemlі Monastery, once s Commonwealth villagers. Krіm land nadan manastirі dіstavali allowed to torgіvlyu, promisli, shank, zasnuvannya slobіd, the right zbirannya mіstsevih podatkіv and takozh zvіlnennya od podatkіv that derzhavі duties.

Ukraїnska Orthodox Church has become more important duzhe ekonomіchnoyu power. Pochinayuchi s Hmelnichchine, Pravoslavnіy Tserkvі Screw bike znach nnya, yak Won small for Knyazhoї Dobie. Vzaєmovіdnosini mіzh Church - Metropolitan i svіtskoyu vlad - hetman Mali character Square: Hetman vtruchavsya not have vnutrіshnі Spravi Church zalishayuchi yourselves materіyalnu pіdtrimku Church. Metropolitan Sylvester Kosіv pіdtrimuvav zv'yazki polskim s king, in 1648 rotsі zvertavsya panіv to-order, in 1651 rotsі, pіslya Berestechko, vіtav in Kiєvі peremozhtsіv - litovtsіv. Pіdtrimuyuchi protyagom p'yati rokіv druzhnі zv'yazki s Muscovy, Sylvester are not brave part in negotiations polіtichnih Bohdan Khmelnytskyi h Moscow. Koli voєvoda Buturlіn, pribuvshi up of Kyiv, powering Metropolitan chomu vіn nіkoli not write to the king, Metropolitan vіdpovіv, scho not znav navіt scho Hetman s vіyskom "beat Cholom pid sovereign temple arm." And if Buturlіn Pocha privoditi to ecclesiastical oath poselentsіv maєtnostey Metropolitan zaboroniv prisyagati, i tіlki through kіlka dnіv giving on tse dozvіl.

Vіdmovlyayuchi dati manastirsku land for buduvannya fortetsі, Sylvester Kosіv Buturlіnu explaining scho Givet vіn 's spiritual people itself sobі, ni pid chiєyu Vladoiu ". Zvichayno, Tse boule tіlki words vazhlive Ale those scho such a formula could іsnuvati.

Taku polіtiku Metropolitan Suchasnyj doslіdnik I. Vlasovsky obedient poyasnyuє tim, scho Bogdan Khmelnytskyi not hotіv - not znayuchi, denote zakіnchatsya discuss it s Moscow - narazhati church on nebezpeku zboku Polschі, bіlshe tim, scho-valued Chastina h Ukraine Orthodox ієrarhami, vіrnimi, maєtnostyami zalishalisya pid Vladoiu Polschі. Roku 1654 Metropolitan viryadiv Embassy to Smolenska de perebuvav CAR s Prokhanov pіdtverditi starі Church law, and the head - no vidіlyati clergy od pіdleglosti Tsargorodskomu patrіyarhovі scho Bulo, yak vislovlyuvalosya cholobitnіy in, "the root of our liberties vsіh i rights."

For Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Moscow slit does not have to get used zahodіv napryamku pіdkorennya Kiїvskoї mitropolії Maskovskiy patrіyarhovі. In the so-title "Pereyaslavskih" and radshe Maskovskiy, statte 1654 roku, SSMSC obumovlyuvali vzaєmovіdnosini Ukraine that Moscow does not zgaduvalosya about the church. Patrіyarh Nіkon not vtruchavsya Ukraїnskoї to the right of the Church. Without pogodzhennya s it is at Chernіgіvsku katedru єpiskopa Baranovych Lazarus (1657 p.), On іgumena Kiєvo-Checherskoї LAUREL - Teodosіya Safonovich, and if BMEP Sylvester Kosіv, call together Elektsіyny obrannya Council for Metropolitan. At the Cathedral, scho vzhe vіdbuvsya pіslya death B. Khmelnytskyi for Іvana Vigovskogo on Metropolitan paying Dіonisіya Balaban (1657-1663). Pro Cathedral Tsey not poperedzhali Moscow, i Dіonisіy dіstav posvyachennya od Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha. Svіdchit Tse, scho Tserkva zberіgala his nezalezhnіst. Ale Dali Ruїna zahopila th church.

Koli Vigovsky breaking Muscovy s i s Pocha domovlyatisya flattered Dіonisіy pereїhav to Demba, to Chigirin, i to Kyiv vzhe not turning. Pіslya zrechennya Vigovskogo Dіonisіy zalishivsya on Pravoberezhzhі, pravlyachi Pravoberezhnye sparhіyami. Todі, s behest of Moscow, on Lіvoberezhnіy Ukraїnі priznacheno "mіstseblyustitelya" mitropolії єpiskopa Lazarus Baranovichi.

1663 roku, pіslya death Dіonisіya, vіdbuvsya in Korsunі ​​Elektsіyny Cathedral on Money Does paying dvoh kandidatіv on Metropolitan Kiїvskogo: Antonіya Vіnnitskogo (1663-1679) that Joseph Nelyubovich-Tukalskogo (1663-1675). King learned by rote oboh kandidatіv.

Ale tse sider nedovgo: on pіdstavі denunciation Hetman Teterі, polsky Uryadov Zaslav Joseph to Marієnburzkoї fortetsі de vіn probuv two prophets (1664-1666) once h kolishnіm hetman Yurієm Khmelnytskyi (at chernetstvі - Gideon). Zvіlneno yogo on Prohanov Hetman Petro Doroshenko.

The "Gadyatskomu dogovorі" 1658 rock for Orthodox relіgієyu zasterіgalosya її OOO All rights rіvnі s Roman katolitskoyu. Kiev The Metropolitan of 5 єpiskopami (Lutsk, Kiїvskim, Peremiskim, Holmskim that Mstislavskim) in Mali іaadati Senatі, ale Orthodox Metropolitan guilty CCB mother Location nizhche od Archbishop Lvivske and єpiskopi - nizhchі od povіtovih bіskupіv. Unії not guilty Buti. Potvoreno Tsey item 1660 rock in Chudnіvskomu dogovorі Yurіya Khmelnytskyi s flattered.

For Zhittya Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Moscow does not get used for odvertih zahodіv pіdkorennya ukraїnskoї moskovskіy Church. Yak vische already said in the "statte" Khmelnytskyi Tse Bulo power not torn down, there zabezpecheno tіlki "nedotorkanimi" OAO All poperednі clergy rights. Against the so-title "statte B. Khmelnytskyi" SSMSC given to pіdpis getmanovі Yurієvі Khmelnytskyi in 1659 rotsі i SSMSC zfalshovano in Moskvі, CCB point "and Metropolitan of Kiev and other spiritual Malyja Russia, to be under the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow" (p. v. 8). Neobіznanіst Yurіya that ukraїnskoї elders vіdsutnіst at progoloshennі act ukrajins'koho clergy Mali naslіdkom those scho falshuvannya proyshlo nezavvazhenim, i scho Tsei samy zfalshovany text zavzhdi progoloshuvano i pіznіshe pid hour obrannya Hetman.

Polіtichna Ruїna Bula pov'yazana s ecclesiastical. In Ukraїnі Bulo odnochasno two metropolitans: on Pravoberezhzhі - i "mіstseblyustitel" on Lіvoberezhzhі. "Mіstseblyustitelya" priznacheno todі, if Metropolitan Dіonisіy zalishivsya on Pravoberezhzhі. 1659 rock Prince Troubetzkoy, scho LUVs todі chief Maskovskiy vіyska, yak stood on Ukraїnі, priznachiv to "mіstseblyustitelya" єpiskopa Chernіgіvskogo Baranovych Lazarus, that i priynyav tse illegally priznachennya not zvazhayuchi to those scho LUVs slit zhivy Metropolitan Dіonisіy. Lazar Baranavichy, Purshia s єpiskopіv, zvernuvsya to Moscow s request "pіdtverditi" yogo on єpiskopstvі, hoch MAV already TAKE pіdtverdzhennya od Hetman.

Sche Dali pіshlo ukraїnske clergy 1660 rock vono Wieslaw to Moscow embassy spetsіyalne s Prokhanov Nakazato reasons set your spirituality Metropolitan i vkazati "od Yomou who ordination Buti: chi od Maskovskiy patrіyarha, chi od Tsargorodskogo". Ale hour CCB grave: іshla nevdala for Moscow vіyna s flattered; Hetman Yuriy Khmelnytskyi pereyshov to Polschі. Cope uskladnyuvalo slit th those scho Laws Metropolitan Dіonisіy previously governed єparhієyu Pravoberezhnoї Ukraine, Moscow is not i navazhuvalasya porushuvati kanonіchnі right Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha i timchasovo zadovolnilasya, TER nekanonіchnim priznachennyam "mіstseblyustitelya".

Not zvazhayuchi its pokіrnіst Moskvі, Lazar Baranovych not zadovolnyav Maskovskiy Bazhanov, more CCB Nadto zv'yazany s With Ukraine. In Moskvі znayshli іnshogo, pokіrnіshogo "mіstseblyustitelya" - Archpriest Maxim Filimonovich, yakogo visvyativ on єpiskopa revenge-Slavske Metropolitan Sarsky i Podonsky Pіtirim. Tsei fact CCB nekanonіchny, more UKRAINE bula in yurisdiktsії Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha i small Svoge Metropolitan Dіonisіya. Novi єpiskop, s іmenem Metodіya, CCB priznacheny to "mіstseblyustitelya" Kiїvskoї mitropolії. Tsei fact viklikav protest: patrіyarh Nіkon viklyav Metropolitan Pіtirima for illegal visvyachennya and Tsargorodsky patrіyarh viklyav Metodіya.

Kiїvske clergy put up Metodіya witch, i іgumeni zaboronili pominati yogo in churches. Clergy priznachiti requested the king to "mіstseblyustitelya", yak Bulo ranіshe, Lazarus Baranovych ale nіchogo not dosyaglo.

W 1663 roku Hetman Bryuhovetsky requesting Maskovskiy Uryadov priznachiti Metropolitan, ale slit in Moskvі not vіdvazhuvalisya on tse.

Prote, if in Kiєvі dіstali vіstku about klopotannya Bryuhovetskogo there oburilis. Kiїvskі іgumeni, s Metodієm Filimonovich, zvernulisya s GOSTR protest to voєvodi P. Sheremetev, zayavlyayuchi scho lіpshe їm died of, nіzh priynyati s Metropolitan of Moscow, i scho on vipadok, if used CAR Tsargorodskomu patrіyarhovі writing about the transfer Kiїvskoї mitropolії to Moskovskoї yurisdiktsії, the stink to write Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha i prositimut, dwellers vіn zalishiv up Ukraine in svoїy yurisdiktsії. Tsіkavo scho navіt voєvoda Sheremetev wrote to the king, scho "Maskovskiy mitropolitovі in Kiєvі nikotorymi measures Buti not possible." In tsіy іstorії zalishaєtsya unclear povedіnka exposure The Meto: CCB vіn schirim, yak ukraїnets, yakogo oburila prospect of mother-chuzhintsya Metropolitan chi boyavsya vistupiti proti ukrajins'koho clergy?

Not vіdvazhuyuchis Metropolitan priznachiti, Maskovskiy Uryadov just-in-time at vtruchavsya vnutrіshnі Spravi Kiїvskoї mitropolії. So, in 1667 at the Cathedral of rock Moskvі pіdvischiv Chernіgіvsku єparhіyu on arch-єpiskopіyu. Tsargorodsky patrіyarh viznav Tsey act for nepravny.

Roku 1668 if Lіvoberezhzhya zdobuv Petro Doroshenko, encampment Kiїvskoї mitropolії zmіnilosya: Metropolitan Joseph becoming Nelyubovich-Tukalsky, yaky zaboroniv pominati king Oleksіya i punishing pominati hetman Doroshenko. Metropolitan Josif imprisoning Metodіya to Umanskogo Monastery, zvіdki vivezli yogo to Moscow, de vіn before his death (in 1689 r.) Lived in manastirі.

Vische clergy i asked myself voєvoda Sheremet'ev Maskovskiy Uryadov viznati shanovanogo people Nelyubovich Joseph-Tukalskogo on Kiїvskіy katedrі. Vidatny Maskovskiy diplomat Boyar Ordin-Naschokіn, takozh Radivoje Maskovskiy uryadovі viznati Metropolitan yogo i vikoristati for peredachі Kiїvskoї mitropolії to yurisdiktsії Moskovskoї patrіarhії. In svoїh relyatsіyah Ordin-Naschokіn arguments for scho treba polіtichnogo ob'єdnannya Ukraine dosyagti peredusіm ob'єdnannya church. Project Ordin-Naschokіna vіdpav, if viyavilosya nepohitne Bazhannya Nelyubovich-Tukalskogo zalishiti Kiїvsku mitropolіyu in yurisdiktsії Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha. 1674 roku Uryadov Maskovskiy newer discuss it s Nelyubovich-Tukalskim, ale death of Metropolitan pripinila їh.

"Mіstseblyustitelem" mitropolії z 1670 roku znovu becoming Lazar Baranavichy. Obviously, for yogo Zgoda in 1683 rotsі Hetman Samoylovich asked of tsarіv Іvana that Peter is allowed to obrannya Archimandrite Kiєvo-Pecherskoї Lavrov, not zvazhayuchi to those scho Laurus small stavropіgіyu i stale tіlki od Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha. So Laura bula vivedena s-pid Vladi Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha. Roku 1684 Maskovskiy Uryadov zvernuvsya od іmeni tsarіv to patrіyarha Tsargorodskogo Jacob s Prokhanov, Novi Metropolitan dwellers priymav visvyatu in Moskvі. Up-sheet "butt" sobolіv 300 rublіv. Not chekayuchi on vіdpovіd patrіyarha, Maskovskiy 1685 roku Uryadov punishing getmanovі reversible, spіlno s clergy, Metropolitan i vislati to Moscow on visvyatu

8th Lipnya 1685 rock Elektsіyny Cathedral in Kiєvі paying metropolitan єpiskopa Ґedeona Lutsk, Prince Svyatopolk-Chetvertinskogo, yaky LUVs ranіshe saying about bootie Zgoda ordination at Moskvі. On Soborі Bulo Duzhe little clergy vіdsutnіy CCB Lazar Baranovych i do not Bulo yogo predstavnikіv. Tse gave pіdstavi clergy to protest proti rіshennya Cathedral about perehіd Kiїvskoї mitropolії to another patrіyarha.

Getman viryadiv delegatsіyu to Moscow, dwellers pіdtverditi obrannya Gideon at the Metropolitan. Clergy i Hetman lodged at Zi to cholobіtnі statte in yakih presented, SSMSC right to ask for the stench zberegti Ukrainian clergy.

Porіvnyannya Tsikh statte s timey, 1654 SSMSC rock filed Maskovskiy uryadovі ukraїnske clergy pokazuє, scho for tsі 30 rokіv vіdbulasya great evolyutsіya: 1654 rock clergy firmly on nastoyuvalo zalishennі Kiїvskoї mitropolії in yurisdiktsії Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha; 1685 rock vono tіlki perekladalo rіshennya at will Tsargorodskogo patrіyarha, pozbavlyayuchi note patrіyarha pіdstavi to protest peredachі mitropolії Maskovskiy patrіyarhovі. Nіhto іz svіtskih osіb - Hetman ni, ni foreman, ni fraternity - not protestuvali.

Metropolitan Ґedeon poїhav to Moscow where i CCB visvyacheny. New mitropolitovі given Dvi diplomas: one - od tsarіv Іvana that Peter I pravitelki Sofії in yakіy obіtsyano zberezhennya old rules Ukraїnskoї Church and a friend - od patrіyarha Joachim in yakіy Ґedeona called Metropolitan "Kiїvskim, Halytska i Malia Russie", ale not Bulo spokonvіchnogo title - "... i vsієї Russie".

Novi patrіyarh Tsargorodsky, Dіonisіy easily pogodivsya to transfer Kiїvskoї mitropolії Maskovskiy patrіyarhovі. On Demba vplinuv great vezіr, yaky hotіv zberegti Dobri vіdnosini h Moscow. For Qiu poblazhlivіst patrіyarh dіstav od Moscow Welcome Podarunok. Ale nezabarom Cathedral skhіdnіh patrіyarhіv pozbaviv Dіonisіya patrіyarshogo throne, head - for the illegal transfer Kiїvskoї mitropolії Moskvі. Nekanonіchnіst tsogo rock vchinku zasvіdchili 1924 skhіdnі patrіyarhi in Tomosі, zatverdzhuyuchi avtokefalіyu Pravoslavnoї Church Polschі.