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Credit rozrahunkovі operatsії - Mіlay SA
4. Rozdіl Organіzatsіya bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkіv
4.1. Zagalna characteristic bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkіv
Bezgotіvkovі mіzhgospodarskі rozrahunki, formuyuchi perevazhnu Chastain trumpery obіgu, realіzuyut naymasovіshі vіdnosini mіzh ekonomіchnimi agents nefіnansovogo sector market analysis.
Pіdpriєmstva in protsesі gospodarskoї dіyalnostі postіyno rozrahovuyutsya mіzh him, pererahovuyuchi Costa on vіdkritі banks rahunki for realіzovanі goods, Realized works, nadanі Hotel, tobto for tovarnі operatsії.
Digit Chastina bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkіv pripadaє of companies on the so-zvanі netovarnі operatsії: rozrahunki s budget authorities sotsіalnogo strahuvannya, upravlіnnya, sudochinstva toscho.
Hoca order rozrahunkіv in Tsikh areas dvoh odnakovy against regulatory framework їh organіzatsії іstotno vіdrіznyaєtsya.
For trademark operatsіyami FORMS rozrahunkіv, order payment, vіdpovіdalnіst storіn for nevikonannya platіzhnih zobov'yazan toscho viznachayutsya in їhnіh agreements (contracts). Minds that order rozrahunkіv Yea i obov'yazkovim Nadzvychaina sytuatsia vazhlivim rozdіlom kozhnoї takoї land. Tom then pіdpriєmstva toil velikі mozhlivostі Vibor naydotsіlnіshih for them forms rozrahunkіv i sposobіv payment.
For monetized operatsіyami order for payment that vіdpovіdalnіst torn down platіzhnoї distsiplіni viznachayutsya vіdpovіdnimi zakonodavchimi acts. Tom here right schodo of companies Vibor order rozrahunkіv obmezhenі.
Proper vibіr FORMS rozrahunkіv i method of payment for trademark operatsіyami Je Nadzvychaina sytuatsia vazhlivoyu the right to yak paysite (pokuptsya, borzhnika), so i oderzhuvacha for payment (the seller, the lender).
Paysites povinnі: zahistiti currently od non-delivery of paid-chi tovarіv delivery tovarіv s yakіsnimi characteristics, scho not vіdpovіdayut dogovіrnim; buy Flea navіt for vіdsutnostі dostatnoї sumi platіzhnih zasobіv; zvesti to mіnіmumu svoї vitrati to pay zobov'yazan toscho.
Oderzhuvachі pennies toil zahistiti currently od riziku non-payment s side pokuptsіv (borzhnikіv); stvoriti spriyatlivі rozrahunkovі peredumovi for realіzatsії svoєї produktsії (robіt, poslug) i vzhe not vtratiti zavoyovanogo sector market analysis; mіnіmіzuvati svoї vitrati on zdіysnennya rozrahunkіv s counterparties toscho.
Dwellers zabezpechiti participant mіzhgospodarskih rozrahunkіv mozhlivіst uspіshno vikonuvati zaznachenі vische zavdannya, svіtova practice virobila wide range rіznih platіzhnih іnstrumentіv, skin s yakih Got svoї perevagi that nedolіki. Vrahovuyuchi їh i zvazhayuchi on svіy real fіnansovy mill i character konkretnoї tovarnoї operatsії, skin s kontragentіv trademark operatsіy Mauger vibrato naynadіynіshy that zruchnіshy for yourself platіzhny іnstrument i viznachiti minds Yogo zastosuvannya.
Zgіdno s klasifіkatsієyu Bank mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv (m Basel, Shveytsarіya.), Scho zastosovuєtsya in bagatoh kraїnah, usі platіzhnі іnstrumenti mozhna podіliti on takі groups:
1) Ti, scho bazuyutsya on credit perekazuvannі koshtіv:
• doruchennya about credit perekaz sistemі have "fat";
• doruchennya about credit perekaz in sistemі avtomatizovanih rozrahunkovih chambers;
• platіzhnі doruchennya;
• doruchennya about credit perekaz in sistemі SWIFT;
2) Ti, scho bazuyutsya Debit perekazah koshtіv:
• debetovі doruchennya;
• vekselі;
• checks;
• pryamі debetovі write-downs;
• bankіvskі spend;
• INSHI;
3) plastikovі kartka, scho yak toil Find our credit, so i Debit іnstrumentіv.
Platіzhnі іnstrumenti s credit perekazom koshtіv ruhayutsya in that same napryamku, scho th himself platіzh - od paysite to oderzhuvacha. Paysites Je іnіtsіatorom platіzhnoї operatsії that emіtentom vіdpovіdnogo іnstrumentu. Tse daє Yomou zmogu yaknaykrasche prokontrolyuvati vіdnosini s counterparty i zahistiti svoї Interests.
Platіzhnі іnstrumenti s debit perekazom koshtіv ruhayutsya in zvorotnomu schodo payment (Ruhu pennies) napryamku. Oderzhuvach pennies Je іnіtsіatorom platіzhnoї operatsії that emіtentom such іnstrumentu. Tse daє Yomou zmogu trimati pid control svoї vіdnosini s counterparty vplivati on їh realіzatsіyu th zahischati svoї Interests.
Prote zaznachenі vіdmіnnostі that i perevagi credit debit іnstrumentіv not zavzhdi realіzuyutsya on praktitsі. So, oderzhuvach Yakscho pennies (seller tovarіv) vimagaє od pokuptsya poperednoї Pay i won zdіysnyuєtsya credit perekazom then perevagi tsogo іnstrumentu for pokuptsya vtrachayutsya: vіn not Got zmogi poperedno perevіriti vіdpovіdnіst delivery tovarіv minds contract.
In Ukraїnі range platіzhnih іnstrumentіv scho zastosovuyutsya at bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkah, uniquely vuzhchy, nіzh in svіtovіy praktitsі, i bazuєtsya perevazhno on credit perekazі koshtіv. Tse zumovleno in the main hronіchnoyu platіzhnoyu crisis, scho ohopila ekonomіku Ukraine in perehіdny perіod, unaslіdok chogo prodavtsі tovarіv primushuyut platnikіv zdіysnyuvati poperednyu payment Credit іnstrumentami. Debetovі іnstrumenti, takі yak bill i check i hoch zastosovuyutsya in ukraїnskіy praktitsі against not Nabeul digit poshirennya.
Ninі in bezgotіvkovih mіzhgospodarskih rozrahunkah in Ukraїnі zastosovuyutsya takі platіzhnі іnstrumenti: platіzhnі doruchennya, platіzhnі vimogi-doruchennya, checks, akreditivnі said platіzhnі vimogi, іnkasovі doruchennya, vekselі.
Basics of Pravovі zastosuvannya zaznachenih іnstrumentіv that organіzatsії bezgotіvkovih mіzhgospodarskih rozrahunkіv viznachenі chinnim bankіvskim zakonodavstvom Ukraine that Іnstruktsієyu about bezgotіvkovі rozrahunki gospodarskomu oborotі in Ukraine, the NBU zatverdzhenoyu Pravlіnnyam serpnya 1996 2 p. Vimogi їh poshiryuyutsya on pіdpriєmstva vsіh forms vlasnostі on fіzichnih osіb banks that іnshih sub'єktіv platіzhnoї system.
Platіzhnimi іnstrumentami zvichayno nazivayut skladenі for vstanovlenoyu the form of documents, SSMSC podayutsya banks Yurydychna that fіzichnimi personages s doruchennyam (chi s vimogoyu) perekazati s їhnіh rahunkіv (chi zarahuvati on їhnі rahunki) Pevnyi bag of pennies.
Platіzhnі іnstrumenti strictly unіfіkovanі, toil єdinu for vsієї Kraina standard form viznacheny nabіr rekvіzitіv. Digit Chastina rekvіzitіv - spіlna i obov'yazkova for vsіh іnstrumentіv.
Before obov'yazkovih rekvіzitіv nalezhat:
• Hosting Project document;
• room number, i mіsyats Year clearance documents;
• Povny that skorochena Hosting Project i paysite oderzhuvacha pennies, Non їhnіh rahunkіv that іdentifіkatsіynih kodіv; Yakscho paysite Je non-resident, then zaznachaєtsya Krajina yogo reєstratsії;
• Hosting Project that mіstseznahodzhennya bankіv paysite th oderzhuvacha, umovnі number of MFIs (Cody bankіv);
• scrip payment (words that figure); priznachennya payment for pererahuvannya chi obsession:
• pіdpisi kerіvnika i head accountant paysite (chi oderzhuvacha) that vіdbitok seals;
• scrip podatku on Dodanim vartіst abo napis "without podatku on Dodanim vartіst".
Correctness of registration platіzhnih іnstrumentіv bankіvskі place the pridіlyayut Velika uwagi, dwellers zahistiti Interests uchasnikіv platіzhnih vіdnosin. Chinnim position of about bezgotіvkovі rozrahunki viznacheno osnovnі vimogi before registration platіzhnih іnstrumentіv:
• toil Buti zapovnenі OAO All rekvіziti skin of the document;
• Quantity vipisanih dokumentіv Got vіdpovіdati (dorіvnyuvati) number uchasnikіv rozrahunkovo-platіzhnogo processes;
• zhodnі vipravlennya th pіdchistki, faksimіlnі pіdpisi not dopuskayutsya;
• have datі document number i Year prostavlyayutsya figures and mіsyats - words;
• Hosting Project paysite toil exactly zbіgatisya іz zaznachenoyu in Yogo zareєstrovanomu statutі;
• platіzhny document toil pіdpisuvati specimens, Yakima nada Takeo right statute pіdpisi i yakih Je in karttsі zrazkіv, podanіy bank at vіdkrittі rahunka.
Torn down whether yakoї s Tsikh vimog svіdchit about nedostovіrnіst platіzhnogo document i nezakonnіst platіzhnoї operatsії scho daє bank pіdstavi not priymati takі documents before vikonannya.
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