home Economy Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

4.3. Widi of companies that їh ob'єdnan

For bagatoukladnoї Economy characteristic Je іsnuvannya rіznih forms vlasnostі i rіznomanіtnih organіzatsіynih gospodaryuvannya forms. Vіdpovіdno to the law "About pіdpriєmstva in Ukraine» in nashіy derzhavі mozhut dіyati takі Vidi of companies:

1. Private pіdpriєmstvo, zasnovane on vlasnostі fіzichnoї individuals.

2. Collective pіdpriєmstvo, zasnovane on vlasnostі labor collectives pіdpriєmstva.

3. Gospodarske tovaristvo, stvorene Yurydychna personages i gromadyanami in ambushes lands Shlyakhov ob'єdnannya їh lane that pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі s metoyu pributku obsession.

4. Pіdpriєmstvo, yak zasnovane on vlasnostі ob'єdnannya gromadyan.

5. Communal pіdpriєmstvo, zasnovane on vlasnostі vіdpovіdnoї teritorіalnoї enormous.

6. Reigning pіdpriєmstvo, zasnovane on derzhavnіy vlasnostі. Vono Mauger Buti peretvorene in breech pіdpriєmstvo in vipadkah, if TAKE pіdpriєmstvo conduct virobnichu chi іnshu dіyalnіst, yak Mauger vіdpovіdno to zakonodavstva zdіysnyuvatisya tіlki Reigning pіdpriєmstvom, abo if bunt spozhivachem produktsії (Ponad 50%) Je power chi if pіdpriєmstvo Je sub'єktom natural monopolіy . Bodies upravlіnnya breech pіdpriєmstvami Je mіnіsterstva that INSHI tsentralnі organic vikonavchoї Vladi.

In 2002 r. in nashіy derzhavі funktsіonuyut i takі korporativnі pіdpriєmstva in statutory kapіtalі yakih Je Derzhavna chastka vlasnostі. Upravlіnnya such pіdpriєmstvami vіdbuvaєtsya predstavnikіv for participating in the Reigning organіv naglyadovih rads, Yakscho chastka statutory powers in kapіtalі becoming less then 50%. In protsesі podalshoї privatizatsії takі pіdpriєmstva mozhut peretvoryuvatisya in zvichaynі gospodarskі tovaristva.

7. Spіlne pіdpriєmstvo s іnozemnimi іnvestitsіyami (SP), on zasnovane ob'єdnannі lane i pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі ukrajins'koho that іnozemnogo vlasnikіv, i in statutory kapіtalі yakogo іnozemna іnvestitsіya becoming not less then 10% od yogo value. Tse Mauger mother pіdpriєmstvo whether yak organіzatsіyno legal form (naychastіshe - tovaristvo obmezhenoyu vіdpovіdalnіstyu s). Zasnovnikami spіlnogo pіdpriєmstva s іnozemnimi іnvestitsіyami vistupayut s ukrajins'koho side rіznі tipi Private agrarian of companies, and z іnozemnogo - іnozemnі fіrmi Pevnyi profіlyu dіyalnostі. Pong (zasnovniki) zalishayutsya Yurydychna special, once formuyut statutory kapіtal JV. Іnozemny zasnovnik svіy vnesok in Tsey kapіtal Mauger zdіysnyuvati in formі konvertovanoї currency, Rukh i neruhomogo Lane, tsіnnih paperіv, virazhenih in konvertovanіy valyutі, whether yakih rights іntelektualnoї vlasnostі, vartіst yakih at konvertovanіy valyutі pіdtverdzhena zgіdno іz laws Kraina-іnvestora abo mіzhnarodnimi torgovelnimi zvichayami . Ukrainian zasnovnik svіy vnesok Mauger zdіysnyuvati Rukh neruhomim i am Main, right koristuvannya earth, іnshimi natural resources, Costa toscho penny. Rozpodіl pributku JV mіzh zasnovnikami Mauger Buti rіzny one іz naybіlsh rozpovsyudzhenih - proportsіyno zasnovnikіv deposits at statutory kapіtal.

In sіlskomu gospodarstvі Ukraine in 2002, p. funktsіonuvalo bіlshіst vidіv Names of companies for groundscare viklyuchennyam of companies that Reigning breech of companies. So, to the privacy of companies nalezhat selyanskі (fermerskі) Gospodarstwa, sіlskogospodarskі virobnichі that obslugovuyuchі cooperatives; to gospodarskih tovaristv - sіlskogospodarskі aktsіonernі tovaristva Closed-i vіdkritogo tipіv, tovaristva s obmezhenoyu vіdpovіdalnіstyu that INSHI tipi tovaristv; Reigning up of companies - NAUKOVO doslіdnі іnstituti-i-NAUKOVO doslіdnі stantsії spryamuvannya agricultural, breeding plant, voєnnі sіlskogospodarskі pіdpriєmstva.

Slіd pіdkresliti, scho in svіtovіy praktitsі, in fact i chislі in nashіy derzhavі, іsnuє TAKE ponyattya, yak mala pіdpriєmstvo (malies BIZNES). Tse - not yakiys okremy type of companies schodo vlasnostі, organіzatsіynoї FORMS gospodaryuvannya chi funktsіy. Kriterієm vіdnesennya pіdpriєmstva to the category Malih (vіdpovіdno to the law "About pіdpriєmstva in Ukraїnі) Je Quantity pratsyuyuchih. In promislovostі that budіvnitstvі to Malih vіdnosyat pіdpriєmstva s kіlkіstyu pratsyuyuchih 200 in іnshih Galuzo virobnichoї sphere, in addition chislі i in sіlskomu gospodarstvі - up to 50, in nautsі i Naukova obslugovuvannі - to 100, Galuzo nevirobnichoї sphere - 25, in rozdrіbnіy torgіvlі - 15 osіb. Porіvnyano s іnshimi kraїnami in nashіy derzhavі tsі kriterії descho zavischenі. Napriklad in Anglії US rozrіznyayut drіbnі pіdpriєmstva s kіlkіstyu pratsyuyuchih 10 i malі - od 11 to 100 osіb. In Yaponії vzagalі vikoristovuyut three kriterії - Quantity pratsyuyuchih, obsyag sale i value income. Taqiy pіdhіd daє mozhlivіst povnіshe otsіniti bіznesu small role in ekonomіtsі Kraina.

For ostannі desyatirіchchya in svіtі vіdbulosya pereosmislennya rolі small bіznesu. Ranіshe rozglyadali yogo yak schos dopomіzhne i neіstotne for ekonomіchnogo rozvitku. Prote now appears scho velikі pіdpriєmstva th ekonomіka in tsіlomu mozhut not normally funktsіonuvati nearly bіznesu, oskіlki sama here narodzhuєtsya bagato іdey, іnnovatsіy. Malі pіdpriєmstva Nadto mobіlnі, gnuchkі, Shvydko pristosovuyutsya to vimog market analysis. Pong Je tim plіdnim ґruntom on Money Does zrostaє serednіy i BIZNES great. Tom in bagatoh kraїnah, in fact i chislі in Ukraїnі, rozvitok small bіznesu regulyuєtsya zakonodavchimi acts rozrobleno Reigning programa yogo pіdtrimki. So, nashіy derzhavі priya-nyato Law of Ukraine "About Reigning pіdtrimku small pіdpriєmnitstva" and takozh i rozrobleno zatverdzheno Law of Ukraine (od 21.12.2000 r.) "Natsіonalnu programa spriyannya rozvitku small pіdpriєmnitstva in Ukraine», yakoyu peredbachaєtsya aktivіzatsіya fіnansovo-kreditnoї that іnvestitsіynoї pіdtrimki small pіdpriєmnitstva, stvorennya minds for rozvitku yogo іnfrastrukturi, vdoskonalennya regіonalnoї polіtiki spriyannya Becoming i zmіtsnennyu Malih of companies (on the cob 2001 p. їh Bulo mayzhe 200 yew., h are blizko 40 tis. fermerskih Gospodarstwa) and takozh rozvitok іndivіdualnogo pіdpriєmnitstva without stvorennya yuridichnoї individuals (such pіdpriєmtsіv pratsyuє blizko 1 million cholovіk). Law peredbacheno, scho to sub'єktіv small pіdpriєmnitstva vіdnosyat, krіm fіzichnih osіb, i yuridichnі individuals whether yakoї organі-zatsіyno-pravovoї FORMS The form vlasnostі in yakih serednooblіkova chiselnіst pratsyuyuchih the calendar Year not perevischuє 50 osіb obsyag rіchnogo that gross income does not bіlshe 500 tis. Euro.

Pіdpriєmstva s metoyu pіdvischennya efektivnostі virobnitstva mozhut on dobrovіlnih ambushes stvoryuvati ob'єdnannya s right yuridichnoї individuals yak Especially organіzatsіynu form dіyalnostі scho zabezpechuє zruchnіshі th efektivnіshі zv'yazki mіzh them porіvnyano Zi zvichaynimi agreements chi land. Pіdpriєmstva on Pevnyi minds fallow od їh ekonomіchnih іnteresіv, spetsіalіzatsії i methylene mozhut ob'єdnuvati his virobnichu, Naukova, komertsіynu that INSHI Vidi dіyalnostі, Yakscho Tse not superechit antitrust zakonodavstvu. Same tsі factorization perevazhno viznachayut view ob'єdnan i, i funktsії їh structure. Zokrema, pіdpriєmstva mozhut ob'єdnuvatisya in asotsіatsії, korporatsії, konsortsіumi, concern for toscho galuzevim, teritorіalnim abo іnshimi principles zberіgayuchi at tsomu right yuridichnoї individuals.

Asotsіatsії - tse dogovіrnі ob'єdnannya s naybіlsh m'yakimi vnutrіshnіmi zv'yazkami. HEAD funktsієyu їh Je postіyna koordinatsіya gospodarskoї dіyalnostі of companies-uchasnikіv without vtruchannya in їh virobnichu chi komertsіynu dіyalnіst.

Korporatsії takozh Je dogovіrnimi ob'єdnannyami * 1. Porіvnyano s asotsіatsіyami stink toil bіlsh zhorstkі vnutrіshnі zv'yazki. Pіdpriєmstva-Participants, poєdnuyuchi svoї virobnichі, komertsіynі and for neobhіdnostі i naukovі Interests, deleguyut okremі povnovazhennya ob'єdnannyu, nadayuchi Yomou right tsentralіzovanogo regulyuvannya їh dіyalnostі in Pevnyi furrows. Mozhut tsentralіzuvatisya takі, napriklad, funktsії, yak zbut produktsії, materіalno-tehnіchne postachannya, tsіnoutvorennya, vikonannya Design robіt, Pevnyi Chastina marketingovoї dіyalnostі that іn.

* 1: {Y kraїnah Sunset korporatsіyami nazivayut aktsіonernі pіdpriєmstva i nerіdko cooperative.}

Konsortsіumi - tse statutnі timchasovі ob'єdnannya Promyslova i bankіvskogo kapіtalu scho stvoryuyutsya for dosyagnennya pevnoї methylation.

Concern Je takozh statutory ob'єdnannyami. Before їh warehouse mozhut vhoditi rіznoprofіlnі pіdpriєmstva - promislovostі, transport, torgіvlі, bankіv, Naukova organіzatsіy toscho on osnovі povnoї fіnansovoї zalezhnostі one od abo groupies of companies.

In sіlskomu gospodarstvі Ukraine vzhe stvorenі i funktsіonuyut deyakі Vidi ob'єdnan. Thus, in 1992 p. became funktsіonuvati asotsіatsіya Selyanske (fermerskih) Gospodarstwa, yak rozroblyaє rekomendatsії schodo koordinatsії spіlnoї dіyalnostі, nadaє farmers Yurydychna Relief toscho. On asotsіativnih ambushes pratsyuyut virobnichі i NAUKOVO-virobnichі system.

Golovna funktsіya їh - zaprovadzhennya in virobnitstvo best dosvіdu i dosyagnen science (on gosprozrahunkovih ambushes). Pіdpriєmstva - Participants Sistemi oderzhuyut kvalіfіkovanu s Relief organіzatsії visokoefektivnogo virobnitstva okremih vidіv produktsії od pіdpriєmstva head tsogo ob'єdnannya - advanced Gospodarstwa abo naukovoї install. For results dіyalnostі pіdpriєmstva-Participants perekazuyut on rakhunok head pіdpriєmstva Chastain vartostі dodatkovo oderzhanoї produktsії vіdpovіdno to priynyatogo in sistemі the norm. In 2001 r. target asotsіatsіya agricultural trading domіv Ukraine that іn.